# Aquatic vertebrate populations in streams throughout the HJ Andrews Experimental Forest, 2013 to present ## Dataset - **Database Code:** AS011 - **Title:** Aquatic vertebrate populations in streams throughout the HJ Andrews Experimental Forest, 2013 to present - **Abstract:** This multi-year study quantifies the distribution and density of aquatic vertebrates throughout Lookout Creek stream network, including Mack, McRae and Upper Lookout Creeks. We are examining how predictable and consistent the densities and sizes of cutthroat trout and coastal giant salamanders are throughout the network and whether they fluctuate synchronously with vertebrates sizes and densities in Mack Creek that have been measured since 1987 (AS006). We are also examining biomass and condition of individuals across sites. Density and developmental stage of coastal tailed frog tadpoles are noted. We use electroshocking in discrete blocked reaches (depletion and mark-recapture methodologies) to collect individuals that are then weighed, measured and released. Site specific characteristics are measured at each sampling event, including wetted widths and water depths. Broader landscape metrics, including stream gradient and watershed area, were calculated for sites. - **Keywords:** species abundance; amphibians; salamanders; fishes - **Temporal coverage:** 2013-08-06 to 2019-08-15 - **Principal Investigator:** Sherri L. Johnson Brooke E. Penaluna ## Data Entities 1. AS01101 2. AS01102 3. AS01103 4. AS01104 ## Entity 1: AS01101 ### Attribute list - **DBCODE** — varchar, enum FSDB Database Code - **AS011** — FSDB Database Study Code - **ENTITY** — numeric(1), range 1.0000 1.0000, number Entity number - **YEAR** — numeric(1), range 2013.0000 2019.0000, year (yyyy) Year of collection - **DATE** — datetime, freetext Date of collection - **STREAM** — varchar, enum Stream name - **Lookout** — Lookout Creek - **Mack** — Mack Creek - **McRae** — McRae Creek - **SITE** — varchar, enum Colloquial name used by researchers for sampling reach - **L701_LOWER** — Old growth forested site just downstream of harvest L701 on Lookout Creek - **L701_UPPER** — Harvested site within L701 harvest unit on Lookout Creek - **L703_LOWER** — Old growth forested site just downstream of harvest L703 on Lookout Creek - **L703_UPPER** — Harvested site within L703 harvest unit on Lookout Creek - **LO_SCALER_ADD** — SCALER LO (Addition); Upper Lookout Creek, where vertebrates were repeatedly added during SCALER summer experiment. Data from initial sampling before additions. Most downstream reach of the three. - **LO_SCALER_DEPL** — SCALER LO (Depletion); Upper Lookout Creek, where vertebrates were repeatedly removed during SCALER summer experiment. Data from initial sampling before deplietion. Middle reach of the three. - **LO_SCALER_CONTROL** — SCALER LO (Control); Upper Lookout Creek, where vertebrates were sampled during SCALER summer experiment. Data from initial sampling before manipulations. Upstream most reach of the three. - **L704_UPPER** — Site within L704 harvest unit on lookout - **LO_HW_BELOW_EOF** — Upper Lookout, downstream of and including the identified "end of fish" presence point - **LO_HW_ABOVE_EOF** — Upper Lookout, beginning upstream of the identified "end of fish" presence - **MACK_HW_BELOW_EOF** — Upper Mack, downstream of and including the identified "end of fish" presence point - **MACK_HW_ABOVE_EOF** — Upper Mack, upstream of the identified "end of fish" presence point - **MCRAE_SCALER_ADD** — SCALER McRae (Addition); Lower McRae site above Rd 1506 bridge, reach named during SCALER project where addition treatment took place, vertebrates removed from SCALER depletion site and added to this reach during SCALER project - **MCRAE_SCALER_DEPL** — SCALER McRae (Addition); Lower McRae site above Rd 1506 bridge, reach named during SCALER project as control reach (no treatment) - **MCRAE_SCALER_CONTROL** — SCALER McRae (Control); Lower McRae site above Rd 1506 bridge, reach named during SCALER project where depletion treatment took place, vertebrates removed from SCALER depletion site and placed into addition during SCALER project - **M404_LOWER** — Old growth forest site approx 80 m downstream of harvest M404 on McRae Creek - **M404_UPPER** — Harvested forest site within harvest M404 on McRae Creek - **MCTW_LOWER** — McRae tributary along Rd 320 in old growth downstream of harvest L503 - **MCTW_UPPER** — McRae tributary along Rd 320 in harvest L503 - **MCTW_L522** — McRae tributary just downstream of confluence of WS7 and WS8 streams near harvest L522 - **MCRAE_BELOW_CULVERT** — Middle McRae site downstream of Rd 325 culvert (beginning at culvert) - **MCRAE_STREON** — STREON (SCALER addition); Middle McRae site above Rd 325 culvert, reach named during SCALER project where addition treatment took place, vertebrates removed from STREON depletion site and added to this reach during SCALER project - **MCR_SCALERSTREON_DEP** — STREON (SCALER depletion); Middle McRae site above Rd 325 culvert, reach named during SCALER project as control reach (no treatment) - **MCR_SCALERSTREON_CON** — STREON (SCALER control); Middle McRae site above Rd 325 culvert, reach named during SCALER project where depletion treatment took place, vertebrates removed from STREON depletion site and placed into addition during SCALER project - **MCTE_LOWER** — McRae tributary that enters from east below culvert crossing on Rd 325, within harvest L504 downstream of MCTE Upper - **MCTE_UPPER** — McRae tributary that enters from east below culvert crossing on Rd 325, harvested forest stand within harvest L504 - **MCTE_OG** — McRae tributary that enters from east below culvert crossing on Rd 325, Old growth forest site upstream of harvest L504 - **MCRAE_HW_BELOW_ EOF** — Upper McRae, downstream of and including the identified "end of fish" presence point (below hard barrier) - **MCRAE_HW_ABOVE_EOF** — Upper McRae, upstream of identified "end of fish" presence point (above hard barrier) - **SITE_CODE** — varchar, enum code assigned to site represents stream and median elevation of sample reach - **L755** — Stream sampling site on Lookout Creek at 755 m elevation - **L769** — Stream sampling site on Lookout Creek at 769 m elevation - **L894** — Stream sampling site on Lookout Creek at 894 m elevation - **L906** — Stream sampling site on Lookout Creek at 906 m elevation - **L994** — Stream sampling site on Lookout Creek at 994 m elevation - **L999** — Stream sampling site on Lookout Creek at 999 m elevation - **L1003** — Stream sampling site on Lookout Creek at 1003 m elevation - **L1023** — Stream sampling site on Lookout Creek at 1023 m elevation - **L1129** — Stream sampling site on Lookout Creek at 1129 m elevation - **L1155** — Stream sampling site on Lookout Creek at 1155 m elevation - **M864** — Stream sampling site on Mack Creek at 864 m elevation - **M881** — Stream sampling site on Mack Creek at 881 m elevation - **R556** — Stream sampling site on McRae Creek at 556 m elevation - **R557** — Stream sampling site on McRae Creek at 557 m elevation - **R558** — Stream sampling site on McRae Creek at 558 m elevation - **R620** — Stream sampling site on McRae Creek at 620 m elevation - **R631** — Stream sampling site on McRae Creek at 631 m elevation - **RT_690_772** — Stream sampling site on tributary of McRae Creek at 772 m elevation; tributary enters at 690 m - **RT_690_793** — Stream sampling site on tributary of McRae Creek at 793 m elevation; tributary enters at 690 m - **RT_690_861** — Stream sampling site on tributary of McRae Creek at 861 m elevation; tributary enters at 690 m - **R818** — Stream sampling site on McRae Creek at 818 m elevation - **R834** — Stream sampling site on McRae Creek at 834 m elevation - **R836** — Stream sampling site on McRae Creek at 836 m elevation - **R842** — Stream sampling site on McRae Creek at 842 m elevation - **RT_810_822** — Stream sampling site on tributary of McRae Creek at 822 m elevation; tributary enters at 810 m - **RT_810_836** — Stream sampling site on tributary of McRae Creek at 836 m elevation; tributary enters at 810 m - **RT_810_856** — Stream sampling site on tributary of McRae Creek at 856 m elevation; tributary enters at 810 m - **R963** — Stream sampling site on McRae Creek at 963 m elevation - **R981** — Stream sampling site on McRae Creek at 981 m elevation - **VISIT_NO** — varchar, enum site visit number during current year - **1** — First site visit during the current sampling season (two day mark/recapture events counted as a single visit) - **2** — Second site visit during the current sampling season (two day mark/recapture events counted as a single visit) - **3** — Third site visit during the current sampling season (two day mark/recapture events counted as a single visit) - **SAMPLING_TEAM** — varchar, enum project principal and/or sampling team - **WARREN LAB** — Warren lab collected data - **PENALUNA_SCALER** — Penaluna/SCALER collected data - **STREAM TEAM** — Stream Team collected data (Johnson, Penaluna, Arismendi, Argerich, Warren) - **SAMPLING_METHOD** — varchar, enum Sampling method - **DEP** — single day depletion sampling - **MR** — two day mark/recapture - **MARK_RECAP** — varchar, enum mark or recapture day - **Mark** — day one of sampling, individuals are marked - **Recap** — day two of sampling, individuals recaptured from previous day aer noted - **NA** — Not Applicable (not a mark/recapture sampling event) - **PASS_NUMBER** — numeric(1), range 1.0000 4.0000, number number of pass - **PASS_DIRECTION** — varchar, enum direction upstream or downstream - **U** — upstream pass - **D** — downstream pass - **SPECIES** — varchar, enum Vertebrate species collected - **SC** — Cottus beldingi - **TR** — Oncorhyncus - **CT** — Oncorhyncus clarkii clarkii - **TF** — Ascaphus truei - **GS** — Dicamptodon tenebrosus - **DS** — Plethodon dunni - **RLF** — Rana aurora - **CF** — Rana cascadae - **TS** — Rhyacotriton cascadae - **VENT_FORK_LENGTH** — numeric(1), range 1.0000 250.0000, millimeters Vent/Fork Length of vertebrate - **TOTAL_LENGTH** — numeric(1), range 1.0000 350.0000, millimeters Total Length of vertebrate - **TF_LENGTH_LEGS_EXTENDED** — numeric(1), range 1.0000 150.0000, millimeters Length of TF adult extended legs in 2018 only - **WEIGHT** — numeric(1), range 0.1000 300.0000, grams Weight of vertebrate collected in grams - **LIFESTAGE_DEVELOPMENT** — varchar, enum Development stage of species - **NL** — No legs (TF) - **SHL** — Stubby hind legs (TF) - **HL** — Hind legs (TF) - **SFL** — Stubby front legs (TF) - **FHL** — Front and hind legs (TF) - **A** — Adult (TF, CF, RLF) - **U** — Unknown (Any) - **NA** — Not Applicable (CT, SC, TS, DS) - **AQ** — Aquatic (GS) - **T** — Terrestrial (GS) - **PT** — Partial Terrestrial (GS) - **J** — Young Coastal Cutthroat Trout or Rainbow Trout (70mm and smaller ) - **MARKED** — varchar, enum if vertebrate was marked or not at time of sampling on mark day - **N** — No, individuals not marked due to size, species, or sampling day (i.e. recap) - **NA** — Not Applicable - **U** — Unknown - **Y** — Yes - **RECAPTURED** — varchar, enum if mark on vertebrate was noted or not at time of sampling on recap day - **N** — No - **NA** — Not Applicable - **U** — Unknown - **Y** — Yes - **COMMENTS** — varchar, freetext notes taken in field/during data entry - **QA_NOTES** — varchar, freetext notes added during QA - **VERT_INDEX** — numeric(1), range 1.0000 1000.0000, number unique number for each vertibrate captured by year, site_code, visit (for primary key) ## Entity 2: AS01102 ### Attribute list - **DBCODE** — varchar, enum FSDB Database Code - **AS011** — FSDB Database Study Code - **ENTITY** — numeric(1), range 2.0000 2.0000, number Entity number - **YEAR** — numeric(1), range 2016.0000 2019.0000, year (yyyy) Year of collection - **DATE** — datetime, freetext Date of collection - **STREAM** — varchar, enum Stream name - **Lookout** — Lookout Creek - **Mack** — Mack Creek - **McRae** — McRae Creek - **SITE** — varchar, enum Colloquial name used by researchers for sampling reach - **L701_LOWER** — Old growth forested site just downstream of harvest L701 on Lookout Creek - **L701_UPPER** — Harvested site within L701 harvest unit on Lookout Creek - **L703_LOWER** — Old growth forested site just downstream of harvest L703 on Lookout Creek - **L703_UPPER** — Harvested site within L703 harvest unit on Lookout Creek - **LO_SCALER_ADD** — SCALER LO (Addition); Upper Lookout Creek, where vertebrates were repeatedly added during SCALER summer experiment. Data from initial sampling before additions. Most downstream reach of the three. - **LO_SCALER_DEPL** — SCALER LO (Depletion); Upper Lookout Creek, where vertebrates were repeatedly removed during SCALER summer experiment. Data from initial sampling before deplietion. Middle reach of the three. - **LO_SCALER_CONTROL** — SCALER LO (Control); Upper Lookout Creek, where vertebrates were sampled during SCALER summer experiment. Data from initial sampling before manipulations. Upstream most reach of the three. - **L704_UPPER** — Site within L704 harvest unit on lookout - **LO_HW_BELOW_EOF** — Upper Lookout, downstream of and including the identified "end of fish" presence point - **LO_HW_ABOVE_EOF** — Upper Lookout, beginning upstream of the identified "end of fish" presence - **MACK_HW_BELOW_EOF** — Upper Mack, downstream of and including the identified "end of fish" presence point - **MACK_HW_ABOVE_EOF** — Upper Mack, upstream of the identified "end of fish" presence point - **MCRAE_SCALER_ADD** — SCALER McRae (Addition); Lower McRae site above Rd 1506 bridge, reach named during SCALER project where addition treatment took place, vertebrates removed from SCALER depletion site and added to this reach during SCALER project - **MCRAE_SCALER_DEPL** — SCALER McRae (Addition); Lower McRae site above Rd 1506 bridge, reach named during SCALER project as control reach (no treatment) - **MCRAE_SCALER_CONTROL** — SCALER McRae (Control); Lower McRae site above Rd 1506 bridge, reach named during SCALER project where depletion treatment took place, vertebrates removed from SCALER depletion site and placed into addition during SCALER project - **M404_LOWER** — Old growth forest site approx 80 m downstream of harvest M404 on McRae Creek - **M404_UPPER** — Harvested forest site within harvest M404 on McRae Creek - **MCTW_LOWER** — McRae tributary along Rd 320 in old growth downstream of harvest L503 - **MCTW_UPPER** — McRae tributary along Rd 320 in harvest L503 - **MCTW_L522** — McRae tributary just downstream of confluence of WS7 and WS8 streams near harvest L522 - **MCRAE_BELOW_CULVERT** — Middle McRae site downstream of Rd 325 culvert (beginning at culvert) - **MCRAE_STREON** — STREON (SCALER addition); Middle McRae site above Rd 325 culvert, reach named during SCALER project where addition treatment took place, vertebrates removed from STREON depletion site and added to this reach during SCALER project - **MCR_SCALERSTREON_DEP** — STREON (SCALER depletion); Middle McRae site above Rd 325 culvert, reach named during SCALER project as control reach (no treatment) - **MCR_SCALERSTREON_CON** — STREON (SCALER control); Middle McRae site above Rd 325 culvert, reach named during SCALER project where depletion treatment took place, vertebrates removed from STREON depletion site and placed into addition during SCALER project - **MCTE_LOWER** — McRae tributary that enters from east below culvert crossing on Rd 325, within harvest L504 downstream of MCTE Upper - **MCTE_UPPER** — McRae tributary that enters from east below culvert crossing on Rd 325, harvested forest stand within harvest L504 - **MCTE_OG** — McRae tributary that enters from east below culvert crossing on Rd 325, Old growth forest site upstream of harvest L504 - **MCRAE_HW_BELOW_ EOF** — Upper McRae, downstream of and including the identified "end of fish" presence point (below hard barrier) - **MCRAE_HW_ABOVE_EOF** — Upper McRae, upstream of identified "end of fish" presence point (above hard barrier) - **SITE_CODE** — varchar, enum code assigned to site represents stream and median elevation of sample reach - **L755** — Stream sampling site on Lookout Creek at 755 m elevation - **L769** — Stream sampling site on Lookout Creek at 769 m elevation - **L894** — Stream sampling site on Lookout Creek at 894 m elevation - **L906** — Stream sampling site on Lookout Creek at 906 m elevation - **L994** — Stream sampling site on Lookout Creek at 994 m elevation - **L999** — Stream sampling site on Lookout Creek at 999 m elevation - **L1003** — Stream sampling site on Lookout Creek at 1003 m elevation - **L1023** — Stream sampling site on Lookout Creek at 1023 m elevation - **L1129** — Stream sampling site on Lookout Creek at 1129 m elevation - **L1155** — Stream sampling site on Lookout Creek at 1155 m elevation - **M864** — Stream sampling site on Mack Creek at 864 m elevation - **M881** — Stream sampling site on Mack Creek at 881 m elevation - **R556** — Stream sampling site on McRae Creek at 556 m elevation - **R557** — Stream sampling site on McRae Creek at 557 m elevation - **R558** — Stream sampling site on McRae Creek at 558 m elevation - **R620** — Stream sampling site on McRae Creek at 620 m elevation - **R631** — Stream sampling site on McRae Creek at 631 m elevation - **RT_690_772** — Stream sampling site on tributary of McRae Creek at 772 m elevation; tributary enters at 690 m - **RT_690_793** — Stream sampling site on tributary of McRae Creek at 793 m elevation; tributary enters at 690 m - **RT_690_861** — Stream sampling site on tributary of McRae Creek at 861 m elevation; tributary enters at 690 m - **R818** — Stream sampling site on McRae Creek at 818 m elevation - **R834** — Stream sampling site on McRae Creek at 834 m elevation - **R836** — Stream sampling site on McRae Creek at 836 m elevation - **R842** — Stream sampling site on McRae Creek at 842 m elevation - **RT_810_822** — Stream sampling site on tributary of McRae Creek at 822 m elevation; tributary enters at 810 m - **RT_810_836** — Stream sampling site on tributary of McRae Creek at 836 m elevation; tributary enters at 810 m - **RT_810_856** — Stream sampling site on tributary of McRae Creek at 856 m elevation; tributary enters at 810 m - **R963** — Stream sampling site on McRae Creek at 963 m elevation - **R981** — Stream sampling site on McRae Creek at 981 m elevation - **TRANSECT** — numeric(1), range 0.0000 100.0000, meters transects sampled, recorded at 5 m intervals from net - **REACH_SECTION** — varchar, enum Section of reach where transect was measured - **M** — Main channel - **L** — Left channel - **R** — Right channel - **C** — Center or middle channel - **S** — Side pool - **1** — Section 1; Channel divided into sections, but specific section not identified - **2** — Section 2; Channel divided into sections, but specific section not identified - **3** — Section 3; Channel divided into sections, but specific section not identified - **WETTED_WIDTH** — numeric(1), range 0.0000 1260.0000, centimeters wetted width of channel at transect - **DEPTH_1** — numeric(1), range 0.0000 150.0000, centimeters first depth taken - **DEPTH_2** — numeric(1), range 0.0000 150.0000, centimeters second depth - **DEPTH_3** — numeric(1), range 0.0000 150.0000, centimeters third depth, typically at center of stream - **DEPTH_4** — numeric(1), range 0.0000 150.0000, centimeters fourth depth - **DEPTH_5** — numeric(1), range 0.0000 150.0000, centimeters fifth depth - **MAX_DEPTH** — numeric(1), range 0.0000 150.0000, centimeters maximum stream depth recorded across transect - **REACH_LENGTH** — numeric(1), range 45.0000 100.0000, meters length of reach sampled - **NOTES** — varchar, freetext notes ## Entity 3: AS01103 ### Attribute list - **DBCODE** — varchar, enum FSDB Database Code - **AS011** — FSDB Database Study Code - **ENTITY** — numeric(1), range 3.0000 3.0000, number Entity number - **STREAM** — varchar, enum Stream name - **Lookout** — Lookout Creek - **Mack** — Mack Creek - **McRae** — McRae Creek - **SITE** — varchar, enum Colloquial name used by researchers for sampling reach - **L701_LOWER** — Old growth forested site just downstream of harvest L701 on Lookout Creek - **L701_UPPER** — Harvested site within L701 harvest unit on Lookout Creek - **L703_LOWER** — Old growth forested site just downstream of harvest L703 on Lookout Creek - **L703_UPPER** — Harvested site within L703 harvest unit on Lookout Creek - **LO_SCALER_ADD** — SCALER LO (Addition); Upper Lookout Creek, where vertebrates were repeatedly added during SCALER summer experiment. Data from initial sampling before additions. Most downstream reach of the three. - **LO_SCALER_DEPL** — SCALER LO (Depletion); Upper Lookout Creek, where vertebrates were repeatedly removed during SCALER summer experiment. Data from initial sampling before deplietion. Middle reach of the three. - **LO_SCALER_CONTROL** — SCALER LO (Control); Upper Lookout Creek, where vertebrates were sampled during SCALER summer experiment. Data from initial sampling before manipulations. Upstream most reach of the three. - **L704_UPPER** — Site within L704 harvest unit on lookout - **LO_HW_BELOW_EOF** — Upper Lookout, downstream of and including the identified "end of fish" presence point - **LO_HW_ABOVE_EOF** — Upper Lookout, beginning upstream of the identified "end of fish" presence - **MACK_HW_BELOW_EOF** — Upper Mack, downstream of and including the identified "end of fish" presence point - **MACK_HW_ABOVE_EOF** — Upper Mack, upstream of the identified "end of fish" presence point - **MCRAE_SCALER_ADD** — SCALER McRae (Addition); Lower McRae site above Rd 1506 bridge, reach named during SCALER project where addition treatment took place, vertebrates removed from SCALER depletion site and added to this reach during SCALER project - **MCRAE_SCALER_DEPL** — SCALER McRae (Addition); Lower McRae site above Rd 1506 bridge, reach named during SCALER project as control reach (no treatment) - **MCRAE_SCALER_CONTROL** — SCALER McRae (Control); Lower McRae site above Rd 1506 bridge, reach named during SCALER project where depletion treatment took place, vertebrates removed from SCALER depletion site and placed into addition during SCALER project - **M404_LOWER** — Old growth forest site approx 80 m downstream of harvest M404 on McRae Creek - **M404_UPPER** — Harvested forest site within harvest M404 on McRae Creek - **MCTW_LOWER** — McRae tributary along Rd 320 in old growth downstream of harvest L503 - **MCTW_UPPER** — McRae tributary along Rd 320 in harvest L503 - **MCTW_L522** — McRae tributary just downstream of confluence of WS7 and WS8 streams near harvest L522 - **MCRAE_BELOW_CULVERT** — Middle McRae site downstream of Rd 325 culvert (beginning at culvert) - **MCRAE_STREON** — STREON (SCALER addition); Middle McRae site above Rd 325 culvert, reach named during SCALER project where addition treatment took place, vertebrates removed from STREON depletion site and added to this reach during SCALER project - **MCR_SCALERSTREON_DEP** — STREON (SCALER depletion); Middle McRae site above Rd 325 culvert, reach named during SCALER project as control reach (no treatment) - **MCR_SCALERSTREON_CON** — STREON (SCALER control); Middle McRae site above Rd 325 culvert, reach named during SCALER project where depletion treatment took place, vertebrates removed from STREON depletion site and placed into addition during SCALER project - **MCTE_LOWER** — McRae tributary that enters from east below culvert crossing on Rd 325, within harvest L504 downstream of MCTE Upper - **MCTE_UPPER** — McRae tributary that enters from east below culvert crossing on Rd 325, harvested forest stand within harvest L504 - **MCTE_OG** — McRae tributary that enters from east below culvert crossing on Rd 325, Old growth forest site upstream of harvest L504 - **MCRAE_HW_BELOW_ EOF** — Upper McRae, downstream of and including the identified "end of fish" presence point (below hard barrier) - **MCRAE_HW_ABOVE_EOF** — Upper McRae, upstream of identified "end of fish" presence point (above hard barrier) - **SITE_CODE** — varchar, enum code assigned to site represents stream and median elevation of sample reach - **L755** — Stream sampling site on Lookout Creek at 755 m elevation - **L769** — Stream sampling site on Lookout Creek at 769 m elevation - **L894** — Stream sampling site on Lookout Creek at 894 m elevation - **L906** — Stream sampling site on Lookout Creek at 906 m elevation - **L994** — Stream sampling site on Lookout Creek at 994 m elevation - **L999** — Stream sampling site on Lookout Creek at 999 m elevation - **L1003** — Stream sampling site on Lookout Creek at 1003 m elevation - **L1023** — Stream sampling site on Lookout Creek at 1023 m elevation - **L1129** — Stream sampling site on Lookout Creek at 1129 m elevation - **L1155** — Stream sampling site on Lookout Creek at 1155 m elevation - **M864** — Stream sampling site on Mack Creek at 864 m elevation - **M881** — Stream sampling site on Mack Creek at 881 m elevation - **R556** — Stream sampling site on McRae Creek at 556 m elevation - **R557** — Stream sampling site on McRae Creek at 557 m elevation - **R558** — Stream sampling site on McRae Creek at 558 m elevation - **R620** — Stream sampling site on McRae Creek at 620 m elevation - **R631** — Stream sampling site on McRae Creek at 631 m elevation - **RT_690_772** — Stream sampling site on tributary of McRae Creek at 772 m elevation; tributary enters at 690 m - **RT_690_793** — Stream sampling site on tributary of McRae Creek at 793 m elevation; tributary enters at 690 m - **RT_690_861** — Stream sampling site on tributary of McRae Creek at 861 m elevation; tributary enters at 690 m - **R818** — Stream sampling site on McRae Creek at 818 m elevation - **R834** — Stream sampling site on McRae Creek at 834 m elevation - **R836** — Stream sampling site on McRae Creek at 836 m elevation - **R842** — Stream sampling site on McRae Creek at 842 m elevation - **RT_810_822** — Stream sampling site on tributary of McRae Creek at 822 m elevation; tributary enters at 810 m - **RT_810_836** — Stream sampling site on tributary of McRae Creek at 836 m elevation; tributary enters at 810 m - **RT_810_856** — Stream sampling site on tributary of McRae Creek at 856 m elevation; tributary enters at 810 m - **R963** — Stream sampling site on McRae Creek at 963 m elevation - **R981** — Stream sampling site on McRae Creek at 981 m elevation - **SITE_ELEV_M** — numeric(1), range 556.0000 1155.0000, meters elevation at most downstream point of site - **DOWNSTREAM_ELEVATION** — numeric(1), range 558.0000 1168.0000, meters stream elevation at downstream point for gradient calculation - **UPSTREAM_ELEVATION** — numeric(1), range 555.0000 1152.0000, meters stream elevation at upstream point for gradient calculation - **PERCENT_GRADIENT** — numeric(1), range 2.7000 16.4000, percent gradient of reach - **WS_AREA_HA** — numeric(1), range 51.3000 1551.3000, hectares area of watershed - **LATITUDE** — numeric(1), range 44.2101 44.2642, decimal degrees latitude or longitude latitude at most downstream point of reach, interpreted from Garmin handheld data interpreted using GIS - **LONGITUDE** — numeric(1), range -122.2075 -122.1143, decimal degrees latitude or longitude longitude at most downstream point of reach, interpreted from Garmin handheld data interpreted using GIS ## Entity 4: AS01104 ### Attribute list - **DBCODE** — varchar, enum FSDB Database Code - **AS011** — FSDB Database Study Code - **ENTITY** — numeric(1), range 4.0000 4.0000, number Entity number - **YEAR** — numeric(1), range 2013.0000 2019.0000, year (yyyy) Year of collection - **DATE** — datetime, freetext Date of collection - **STREAM** — varchar, enum Stream name - **Lookout** — Lookout Creek - **Mack** — Mack Creek - **McRae** — McRae Creek - **SITE** — varchar, enum Colloquial name used by researchers for sampling reach - **L701_LOWER** — Old growth forested site just downstream of harvest L701 on Lookout Creek - **L701_UPPER** — Harvested site within L701 harvest unit on Lookout Creek - **L703_LOWER** — Old growth forested site just downstream of harvest L703 on Lookout Creek - **L703_UPPER** — Harvested site within L703 harvest unit on Lookout Creek - **LO_SCALER_ADD** — SCALER LO (Addition); Upper Lookout Creek, where vertebrates were repeatedly added during SCALER summer experiment. Data from initial sampling before additions. Most downstream reach of the three. - **LO_SCALER_DEPL** — SCALER LO (Depletion); Upper Lookout Creek, where vertebrates were repeatedly removed during SCALER summer experiment. Data from initial sampling before deplietion. Middle reach of the three. - **LO_SCALER_CONTROL** — SCALER LO (Control); Upper Lookout Creek, where vertebrates were sampled during SCALER summer experiment. Data from initial sampling before manipulations. Upstream most reach of the three. - **L704_UPPER** — Site within L704 harvest unit on lookout - **LO_HW_BELOW_EOF** — Upper Lookout, downstream of and including the identified "end of fish" presence point - **LO_HW_ABOVE_EOF** — Upper Lookout, beginning upstream of the identified "end of fish" presence - **MACK_HW_BELOW_EOF** — Upper Mack, downstream of and including the identified "end of fish" presence point - **MACK_HW_ABOVE_EOF** — Upper Mack, upstream of the identified "end of fish" presence point - **MCRAE_SCALER_ADD** — SCALER McRae (Addition); Lower McRae site above Rd 1506 bridge, reach named during SCALER project where addition treatment took place, vertebrates removed from SCALER depletion site and added to this reach during SCALER project - **MCRAE_SCALER_DEPL** — SCALER McRae (Addition); Lower McRae site above Rd 1506 bridge, reach named during SCALER project as control reach (no treatment) - **MCRAE_SCALER_CONTROL** — SCALER McRae (Control); Lower McRae site above Rd 1506 bridge, reach named during SCALER project where depletion treatment took place, vertebrates removed from SCALER depletion site and placed into addition during SCALER project - **M404_LOWER** — Old growth forest site approx 80 m downstream of harvest M404 on McRae Creek - **M404_UPPER** — Harvested forest site within harvest M404 on McRae Creek - **MCTW_LOWER** — McRae tributary along Rd 320 in old growth downstream of harvest L503 - **MCTW_UPPER** — McRae tributary along Rd 320 in harvest L503 - **MCTW_L522** — McRae tributary just downstream of confluence of WS7 and WS8 streams near harvest L522 - **MCRAE_BELOW_CULVERT** — Middle McRae site downstream of Rd 325 culvert (beginning at culvert) - **MCRAE_STREON** — STREON (SCALER addition); Middle McRae site above Rd 325 culvert, reach named during SCALER project where addition treatment took place, vertebrates removed from STREON depletion site and added to this reach during SCALER project - **MCR_SCALERSTREON_DEP** — STREON (SCALER depletion); Middle McRae site above Rd 325 culvert, reach named during SCALER project as control reach (no treatment) - **MCR_SCALERSTREON_CON** — STREON (SCALER control); Middle McRae site above Rd 325 culvert, reach named during SCALER project where depletion treatment took place, vertebrates removed from STREON depletion site and placed into addition during SCALER project - **MCTE_LOWER** — McRae tributary that enters from east below culvert crossing on Rd 325, within harvest L504 downstream of MCTE Upper - **MCTE_UPPER** — McRae tributary that enters from east below culvert crossing on Rd 325, harvested forest stand within harvest L504 - **MCTE_OG** — McRae tributary that enters from east below culvert crossing on Rd 325, Old growth forest site upstream of harvest L504 - **MCRAE_HW_BELOW_ EOF** — Upper McRae, downstream of and including the identified "end of fish" presence point (below hard barrier) - **MCRAE_HW_ABOVE_EOF** — Upper McRae, upstream of identified "end of fish" presence point (above hard barrier) - **SITE_CODE** — varchar, enum code assigned to site represents stream and median elevation of sample reach - **L755** — Stream sampling site on Lookout Creek at 755 m elevation - **L769** — Stream sampling site on Lookout Creek at 769 m elevation - **L894** — Stream sampling site on Lookout Creek at 894 m elevation - **L906** — Stream sampling site on Lookout Creek at 906 m elevation - **L994** — Stream sampling site on Lookout Creek at 994 m elevation - **L999** — Stream sampling site on Lookout Creek at 999 m elevation - **L1003** — Stream sampling site on Lookout Creek at 1003 m elevation - **L1023** — Stream sampling site on Lookout Creek at 1023 m elevation - **L1129** — Stream sampling site on Lookout Creek at 1129 m elevation - **L1155** — Stream sampling site on Lookout Creek at 1155 m elevation - **M864** — Stream sampling site on Mack Creek at 864 m elevation - **M881** — Stream sampling site on Mack Creek at 881 m elevation - **R556** — Stream sampling site on McRae Creek at 556 m elevation - **R557** — Stream sampling site on McRae Creek at 557 m elevation - **R558** — Stream sampling site on McRae Creek at 558 m elevation - **R620** — Stream sampling site on McRae Creek at 620 m elevation - **R631** — Stream sampling site on McRae Creek at 631 m elevation - **RT_690_772** — Stream sampling site on tributary of McRae Creek at 772 m elevation; tributary enters at 690 m - **RT_690_793** — Stream sampling site on tributary of McRae Creek at 793 m elevation; tributary enters at 690 m - **RT_690_861** — Stream sampling site on tributary of McRae Creek at 861 m elevation; tributary enters at 690 m - **R818** — Stream sampling site on McRae Creek at 818 m elevation - **R834** — Stream sampling site on McRae Creek at 834 m elevation - **R836** — Stream sampling site on McRae Creek at 836 m elevation - **R842** — Stream sampling site on McRae Creek at 842 m elevation - **RT_810_822** — Stream sampling site on tributary of McRae Creek at 822 m elevation; tributary enters at 810 m - **RT_810_836** — Stream sampling site on tributary of McRae Creek at 836 m elevation; tributary enters at 810 m - **RT_810_856** — Stream sampling site on tributary of McRae Creek at 856 m elevation; tributary enters at 810 m - **R963** — Stream sampling site on McRae Creek at 963 m elevation - **R981** — Stream sampling site on McRae Creek at 981 m elevation - **VISIT_NO** — varchar, enum site visit number during current year - **1** — First site visit during the current sampling season (two day mark/recapture events counted as a single visit) - **2** — Second site visit during the current sampling season (two day mark/recapture events counted as a single visit) - **3** — Third site visit during the current sampling season (two day mark/recapture events counted as a single visit) - **SAMPLING_TYPE** — varchar, enum Mark/recapture or depletion/mulitple pass - **Mark** — Two day mark/recapture sampling; day 1 of sampling (individuals are marked) - **Recap** — Two day mark/recapture sampling; day 2 of sampling (any marked individuals from day 1 are counted as recaputed) - **Depletion** — single day sampling with single or multiple passes (1-4passes) individuals not marked or recaptured - **TOTAL_SAMPLING_EFFORT** — varchar, enum number of passes/upstream or downstream - **U** — 1 pass, upstream direction - **D** — 1 pass, downstream direction - **UD** — 2 passes, one upstream, one downstream - **UUU** — 3 passes, all upstream direction - **UUD** — 3 passes, first upstream, second upstream, third downstream direction - **UDUD** — 4 passes, first upstream, second downstream, third upstream, and fourth downstream direction - **SAMPLING_TEAM** — varchar, enum project principal and/or sampling team - **WARREN LAB** — Warren lab collected data - **PENALUNA_SCALER** — Penaluna/SCALER collected data - **STREAM TEAM** — Stream Team collected data (Johnson, Penaluna, Arismendi, Argerich, Warren) - **REACH_LENGTH** — numeric(1), range 0.0000 1000.0000, meters length of reach sampled - **AVERAGE_WETTED_WIDTH** — numeric(1), range 0.0000 1000.0000, meters average wetted width of reach sampled - **AREA_SAMPLED** — numeric(1), range 0.0000 1000.0000, square meters area of reach sampled - **FIELD_LATITUDE_TOP_NET** — numeric(1), range 44.2101 44.2670, decimal degrees latitude or longitude top net latitude collected in field - **FIELD_LONGITUDE_TOP_NET** — numeric(1), range -122.3064 -122.1139, decimal degrees latitude or longitude top net longitude collected in field - **FIELD_LATITUDE_BOTTOM_NET** — numeric(1), range 44.2105 44.2638, decimal degrees latitude or longitude bottom net latitude collected in field - **FIELD_LONGITUDE_BOTTOM_NET** — numeric(1), range -122.3064 -122.1138, decimal degrees latitude or longitude bottom net longitude collected in field - **SHOCK_LEAD** — varchar, freetext person(s) operating electoshocking device - **NET_TEAM** — varchar, freetext names of person(s) netting/capturing vertebrates - **PROCESSING** — varchar, freetext name of person(s) recording data/collecting length/weight measurements - **COMMENTS** — varchar, freetext notes taken in field/during data entry ## Attribute Definitions **AREA_SAMPLED** area of reach sampled **AVERAGE_WETTED_WIDTH** average wetted width of reach sampled **COMMENTS** notes taken in field/during data entry **DATE** Date of collection **DBCODE** FSDB Database Code **DEPTH_1** first depth taken **DEPTH_2** second depth **DEPTH_3** third depth, typically at center of stream **DEPTH_4** fourth depth **DEPTH_5** fifth depth **DOWNSTREAM_ELEVATION** stream elevation at downstream point for gradient calculation **ENTITY** Entity number **FIELD_LATITUDE_BOTTOM_NET** bottom net latitude collected in field **FIELD_LATITUDE_TOP_NET** top net latitude collected in field **FIELD_LONGITUDE_BOTTOM_NET** bottom net longitude collected in field **FIELD_LONGITUDE_TOP_NET** top net longitude collected in field **LATITUDE** latitude at most downstream point of reach, interpreted from Garmin handheld data interpreted using GIS **LIFESTAGE_DEVELOPMENT** Development stage of species **LONGITUDE** longitude at most downstream point of reach, interpreted from Garmin handheld data interpreted using GIS **MARKED** if vertebrate was marked or not at time of sampling on mark day **MARK_RECAP** mark or recapture day **MAX_DEPTH** maximum stream depth recorded across transect **NET_TEAM** names of person(s) netting/capturing vertebrates **NOTES** notes **PASS_DIRECTION** direction upstream or downstream **PASS_NUMBER** number of pass **PERCENT_GRADIENT** gradient of reach **PROCESSING** name of person(s) recording data/collecting length/weight measurements **QA_NOTES** notes added during QA **REACH_LENGTH** length of reach sampled **REACH_SECTION** Section of reach where transect was measured **RECAPTURED** if mark on vertebrate was noted or not at time of sampling on recap day **SAMPLING_METHOD** Sampling method **SAMPLING_TEAM** project principal and/or sampling team **SAMPLING_TYPE** Mark/recapture or depletion/mulitple pass **SHOCK_LEAD** person(s) operating electoshocking device **SITE** Colloquial name used by researchers for sampling reach **SITE_CODE** code assigned to site represents stream and median elevation of sample reach **SITE_ELEV_M** elevation at most downstream point of site **SPECIES** Vertebrate species collected **STREAM** Stream name **TF_LENGTH_LEGS_EXTENDED** Length of TF adult extended legs in 2018 only **TOTAL_LENGTH** Total Length of vertebrate **TOTAL_SAMPLING_EFFORT** number of passes/upstream or downstream **TRANSECT** transects sampled, recorded at 5 m intervals from net **UPSTREAM_ELEVATION** stream elevation at upstream point for gradient calculation **VENT_FORK_LENGTH** Vent/Fork Length of vertebrate **VERT_INDEX** unique number for each vertibrate captured by year, site_code, visit (for primary key) **VISIT_NO** site visit number during current year **WEIGHT** Weight of vertebrate collected in grams **WETTED_WIDTH** wetted width of channel at transect **WS_AREA_HA** area of watershed **YEAR** Year of collection ## Enumerated Domains ### DBCODE - **AS011** — FSDB Database Study Code ### STREAM - **Lookout** — Lookout Creek - **Mack** — Mack Creek - **McRae** — McRae Creek ### SITE - **L701_LOWER** — Old growth forested site just downstream of harvest L701 on Lookout Creek - **L701_UPPER** — Harvested site within L701 harvest unit on Lookout Creek - **L703_LOWER** — Old growth forested site just downstream of harvest L703 on Lookout Creek - **L703_UPPER** — Harvested site within L703 harvest unit on Lookout Creek - **LO_SCALER_ADD** — SCALER LO (Addition); Upper Lookout Creek, where vertebrates were repeatedly added during SCALER summer experiment. Data from initial sampling before additions. Most downstream reach of the three. - **LO_SCALER_DEPL** — SCALER LO (Depletion); Upper Lookout Creek, where vertebrates were repeatedly removed during SCALER summer experiment. Data from initial sampling before deplietion. Middle reach of the three. - **LO_SCALER_CONTROL** — SCALER LO (Control); Upper Lookout Creek, where vertebrates were sampled during SCALER summer experiment. Data from initial sampling before manipulations. Upstream most reach of the three. - **L704_UPPER** — Site within L704 harvest unit on lookout - **LO_HW_BELOW_EOF** — Upper Lookout, downstream of and including the identified "end of fish" presence point - **LO_HW_ABOVE_EOF** — Upper Lookout, beginning upstream of the identified "end of fish" presence - **MACK_HW_BELOW_EOF** — Upper Mack, downstream of and including the identified "end of fish" presence point - **MACK_HW_ABOVE_EOF** — Upper Mack, upstream of the identified "end of fish" presence point - **MCRAE_SCALER_ADD** — SCALER McRae (Addition); Lower McRae site above Rd 1506 bridge, reach named during SCALER project where addition treatment took place, vertebrates removed from SCALER depletion site and added to this reach during SCALER project - **MCRAE_SCALER_DEPL** — SCALER McRae (Addition); Lower McRae site above Rd 1506 bridge, reach named during SCALER project as control reach (no treatment) - **MCRAE_SCALER_CONTROL** — SCALER McRae (Control); Lower McRae site above Rd 1506 bridge, reach named during SCALER project where depletion treatment took place, vertebrates removed from SCALER depletion site and placed into addition during SCALER project - **M404_LOWER** — Old growth forest site approx 80 m downstream of harvest M404 on McRae Creek - **M404_UPPER** — Harvested forest site within harvest M404 on McRae Creek - **MCTW_LOWER** — McRae tributary along Rd 320 in old growth downstream of harvest L503 - **MCTW_UPPER** — McRae tributary along Rd 320 in harvest L503 - **MCTW_L522** — McRae tributary just downstream of confluence of WS7 and WS8 streams near harvest L522 - **MCRAE_BELOW_CULVERT** — Middle McRae site downstream of Rd 325 culvert (beginning at culvert) - **MCRAE_STREON** — STREON (SCALER addition); Middle McRae site above Rd 325 culvert, reach named during SCALER project where addition treatment took place, vertebrates removed from STREON depletion site and added to this reach during SCALER project - **MCR_SCALERSTREON_DEP** — STREON (SCALER depletion); Middle McRae site above Rd 325 culvert, reach named during SCALER project as control reach (no treatment) - **MCR_SCALERSTREON_CON** — STREON (SCALER control); Middle McRae site above Rd 325 culvert, reach named during SCALER project where depletion treatment took place, vertebrates removed from STREON depletion site and placed into addition during SCALER project - **MCTE_LOWER** — McRae tributary that enters from east below culvert crossing on Rd 325, within harvest L504 downstream of MCTE Upper - **MCTE_UPPER** — McRae tributary that enters from east below culvert crossing on Rd 325, harvested forest stand within harvest L504 - **MCTE_OG** — McRae tributary that enters from east below culvert crossing on Rd 325, Old growth forest site upstream of harvest L504 - **MCRAE_HW_BELOW_ EOF** — Upper McRae, downstream of and including the identified "end of fish" presence point (below hard barrier) - **MCRAE_HW_ABOVE_EOF** — Upper McRae, upstream of identified "end of fish" presence point (above hard barrier) ### SITE_CODE - **L755** — Stream sampling site on Lookout Creek at 755 m elevation - **L769** — Stream sampling site on Lookout Creek at 769 m elevation - **L894** — Stream sampling site on Lookout Creek at 894 m elevation - **L906** — Stream sampling site on Lookout Creek at 906 m elevation - **L994** — Stream sampling site on Lookout Creek at 994 m elevation - **L999** — Stream sampling site on Lookout Creek at 999 m elevation - **L1003** — Stream sampling site on Lookout Creek at 1003 m elevation - **L1023** — Stream sampling site on Lookout Creek at 1023 m elevation - **L1129** — Stream sampling site on Lookout Creek at 1129 m elevation - **L1155** — Stream sampling site on Lookout Creek at 1155 m elevation - **M864** — Stream sampling site on Mack Creek at 864 m elevation - **M881** — Stream sampling site on Mack Creek at 881 m elevation - **R556** — Stream sampling site on McRae Creek at 556 m elevation - **R557** — Stream sampling site on McRae Creek at 557 m elevation - **R558** — Stream sampling site on McRae Creek at 558 m elevation - **R620** — Stream sampling site on McRae Creek at 620 m elevation - **R631** — Stream sampling site on McRae Creek at 631 m elevation - **RT_690_772** — Stream sampling site on tributary of McRae Creek at 772 m elevation; tributary enters at 690 m - **RT_690_793** — Stream sampling site on tributary of McRae Creek at 793 m elevation; tributary enters at 690 m - **RT_690_861** — Stream sampling site on tributary of McRae Creek at 861 m elevation; tributary enters at 690 m - **R818** — Stream sampling site on McRae Creek at 818 m elevation - **R834** — Stream sampling site on McRae Creek at 834 m elevation - **R836** — Stream sampling site on McRae Creek at 836 m elevation - **R842** — Stream sampling site on McRae Creek at 842 m elevation - **RT_810_822** — Stream sampling site on tributary of McRae Creek at 822 m elevation; tributary enters at 810 m - **RT_810_836** — Stream sampling site on tributary of McRae Creek at 836 m elevation; tributary enters at 810 m - **RT_810_856** — Stream sampling site on tributary of McRae Creek at 856 m elevation; tributary enters at 810 m - **R963** — Stream sampling site on McRae Creek at 963 m elevation - **R981** — Stream sampling site on McRae Creek at 981 m elevation ### VISIT_NO - **1** — First site visit during the current sampling season (two day mark/recapture events counted as a single visit) - **2** — Second site visit during the current sampling season (two day mark/recapture events counted as a single visit) - **3** — Third site visit during the current sampling season (two day mark/recapture events counted as a single visit) ### SAMPLING_TEAM - **WARREN LAB** — Warren lab collected data - **PENALUNA_SCALER** — Penaluna/SCALER collected data - **STREAM TEAM** — Stream Team collected data (Johnson, Penaluna, Arismendi, Argerich, Warren) ### SAMPLING_METHOD - **DEP** — single day depletion sampling - **MR** — two day mark/recapture ### MARK_RECAP - **Mark** — day one of sampling, individuals are marked - **Recap** — day two of sampling, individuals recaptured from previous day aer noted - **NA** — Not Applicable (not a mark/recapture sampling event) ### PASS_DIRECTION - **U** — upstream pass - **D** — downstream pass ### SPECIES - **SC** — Cottus beldingi - **TR** — Oncorhyncus - **CT** — Oncorhyncus clarkii clarkii - **TF** — Ascaphus truei - **GS** — Dicamptodon tenebrosus - **DS** — Plethodon dunni - **RLF** — Rana aurora - **CF** — Rana cascadae - **TS** — Rhyacotriton cascadae ### LIFESTAGE_DEVELOPMENT - **NL** — No legs (TF) - **SHL** — Stubby hind legs (TF) - **HL** — Hind legs (TF) - **SFL** — Stubby front legs (TF) - **FHL** — Front and hind legs (TF) - **A** — Adult (TF, CF, RLF) - **U** — Unknown (Any) - **NA** — Not Applicable (CT, SC, TS, DS) - **AQ** — Aquatic (GS) - **T** — Terrestrial (GS) - **PT** — Partial Terrestrial (GS) - **J** — Young Coastal Cutthroat Trout or Rainbow Trout (70mm and smaller ) ### MARKED - **N** — No, individuals not marked due to size, species, or sampling day (i.e. recap) - **NA** — Not Applicable - **U** — Unknown - **Y** — Yes ### RECAPTURED - **N** — No - **NA** — Not Applicable - **U** — Unknown - **Y** — Yes ### REACH_SECTION - **M** — Main channel - **L** — Left channel - **R** — Right channel - **C** — Center or middle channel - **S** — Side pool - **1** — Section 1; Channel divided into sections, but specific section not identified - **2** — Section 2; Channel divided into sections, but specific section not identified - **3** — Section 3; Channel divided into sections, but specific section not identified ### SAMPLING_TYPE - **Mark** — Two day mark/recapture sampling; day 1 of sampling (individuals are marked) - **Recap** — Two day mark/recapture sampling; day 2 of sampling (any marked individuals from day 1 are counted as recaputed) - **Depletion** — single day sampling with single or multiple passes (1-4passes) individuals not marked or recaptured ### TOTAL_SAMPLING_EFFORT - **U** — 1 pass, upstream direction - **D** — 1 pass, downstream direction - **UD** — 2 passes, one upstream, one downstream - **UUU** — 3 passes, all upstream direction - **UUD** — 3 passes, first upstream, second upstream, third downstream direction - **UDUD** — 4 passes, first upstream, second downstream, third upstream, and fourth downstream direction