# Solute dynamics in the hyporheic zone of a headwater stream in Watershed 1 at the Andrews Experimental Forest, 2016-2018 ## Dataset - **Database Code:** CF016 - **Title:** Solute dynamics in the hyporheic zone of a headwater stream in Watershed 1 at the Andrews Experimental Forest, 2016-2018 - **Abstract:** This project examined the interactions between stream water and subsurface sediment to quantify how these interactions influenced organic C respiration and dissolved inorganic C (DIC) production in the hyporheic zone of a high-gradient headwater mountain stream draining a forested catchment at the H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest, Oregon, USA. The study used six 2-m long hyporheic mesocosms which were packed with streambed sediment in the spring of 2016. The mesocosms are located at the Watershed 1 (WS1) stream gage and stream water from WS1 has been pumped through the mesocosms continuously since they were first packed through the end of (and beyond) this study in autumn of 2018. The mesocosms were designed around 1-m long 20-cm diameter aluminum pipe segments with sample ports located each meter along the flowpath through each mesocosm – thus sampling at the inlet, at 1 m, and at the outlet which represents the full 2-m long flow path. Sampling was conducted on seven dates between Oct 23 2016 and Aug 27 2018. On two of these dates, only background samples were collected. On the remaining 5 dates, sampling was designed around continuous-injection tracer experiments using both a conservative tracer (salt) and a reactive tracer (various dissolved organic substrates). For background sampling events, samples were generally only collected once. The tracer experiments involved 4 discreet sampling times: 1. pre-injection (under background conditions); 2. early plateau; 3. late plateau, and 4. post-injection (and in one injection experiment, a 5th sample at late-post-injection time). For each round of samples, the mesocosm water temperature, pH, EC, and DO were measured with sensors in a small flow-through cell. Then water samples were collected for laboratory analysis for both DOC and DIC. The median travel time of water through each pipe segment of the 2-m mesocosms was also calculated from the conservative tracer break-through curves. - **Keywords:** biogeochemistry; hyporheic; carbon cycling - **Temporal coverage:** 2016-10-23 to 2018-09-10 - **Principal Investigator:** Steven M. Wondzell ## Data Entities 1. Hyporheic Mesocosm - DOC and DIC concentrations in stream and hyporheic water ## Entity 1: Hyporheic Mesocosm - DOC and DIC concentrations in stream and hyporheic water ### Attribute list - **DBCODE** — varchar, enum FSDB Database Code - **CF016** — FSDB Database Study Code - **ENTITY** — numeric(1), range 1.0000 1.0000, number Entity number - **SITECODE** — varchar, enum Gaging station site code - **WS1HMF** — WS1 hyporheic mesocosm facility located at WS1 gage house - **SAMPLE_DATETIME** — datetime, freetext date and time of sample collection (some times are estimated) - **RUN** — varchar, enum injection experiment name or background sample - **1st-Acetate** — first acetate injection (sodium acetate + stream water) - **2nd-Acetate** — second acetate injection (sodium acetate + stream water) - **1st-Leachate** — first leachate injection (red alder leaf leachate vs forest flor Oa horizon leachate) - **2nd-Leachate** — second leachate injection (red alder leaf leachate vs forest flor Oa horizon leachate) - **Humic Acid** — humic acid vs sodium acetate injection experiment - **BackGround1** — first set of mesocosm sample collected under natural conditions (not during an inection expermiment) - **BackGround2** — second set of mesocosm sample collected under natural conditions, using original sampling methods (compare to BackGround3) - **BackGround3** — a third set of mesocosm sample collected under natural conditions, but with a change in sampling method (compare to BackGround2) - **SAMPLE_ID** — varchar, freetext Unique identifier for every sample (a concatenation of injnum, injtime, mesocosm, mesodistance, duplicate) - **INJNUM** — varchar, enum ID code for each injection experiement or background sample - **1A** — first injection experiment (using sodium acetate) - **2A** — second injection experiment (using sodium acetate) - **3L** — third injection experiment (using natural organic leachates) - **4L** — forth injection experiment (using natural organic leachates) - **5H** — fifth injection experiment (using laboratory humic acid and sodium acetate) - **B1** — first set of background (natural conditions) samples - **B2** — second set of background (natural conditions) samples - **B3** — third set of background (natural conditions) samples - **INJTIME** — varchar, enum sample time based on breakthrough curve from injection experiment - **T0** — Pre-injection samples collected between 5 hours and 2 days before the start of the continuous injection experiment - **T1** — Early plateau sample collected approximately 1 day after start of continuous injection - **T2** — Late plateau sample collected approximately 7 or 8 days after start of continuous injection - **T3** — Post-injection sample collected approximately 3 or 4 days after end of continuous injection - **T4** — Late post-injection samples collected approximately 8 days after end of continuous injection - **MESOCOSM** — varchar, enum Name of hyporheic mesocosm - **M1** — First 2-m long mesocosm - **M2** — Second 2-m long mesocosm - **M3** — Third 2-m long mesocosm - **M4** — Fourth 2-m long mesocosm - **M5** — Fifth 2-m long mesocosm - **M6** — Sixth 2-m long mesocosm - **ST** — Samples collected from the stream - **MESODISTANCE** — numeric(1), range 1.0000 2.0000, meters water tavel distance through the mescocosm - **DUPLICATE** — numeric(1), range 1.0000 2.0000, number a field duplicate water sample - **TRAVELTIME** — numeric(1), range 4.5600 13.8700, number of hours Median travel time of solutes through each pipe segment comprising each hyporheic mesocosm - **TREATMENT_TYPE** — varchar, enum type of injectate used in the injection experiment - **1xNaAC** — Planned injectate concentration of sodium acetate (CH3COONa) equal to background DOC in stream water to approx. double mesocosm inlet DOC - **2xNaAC** — Planned injectate concentration of sodium acetate (CH3COONa) equal to twice the background DOC in stream water to approx. triple mesocosm inlet DOC - **AlderLeaf** — Injectate made by soaking green-harvested, then air-dried, alder leaves in stream water. Planned concentration approx. equal to background DOC, to approx. double mesocosm inlet DOC - **Control** — mesocosm receiving unamended stream water during injection experiment or during background sampling under natural conditions - **ForestFloor Oa** — Injectate made by soaking air-dried forest floor Oa horizon in stream water. Planned concentration approx. equal to background DOC, to approx. double mesocosm inlet DOC - **HumicAcid** — Injectate of humic acid purchased from SigmaAldrich. Planned concentration approx. equal to background DOC, to approx. double mesocosm inlet DOC - **NaAC** — Injectate of sodium acetate (CH3COONa). Planned concentration approx. equal to background DOC, to approx. double mesocosm inlet DOC - **Reference** — Sample of stream water collected from the stream channel (not pumped through delivery system to the mesocosm) - **PH** — numeric(1), range 6.7000 8.2900, pH units pH (hydrogen concentration) of water at time of collection - **DO** — numeric(1), range 1.7200 12.6700, milligrams per liter Dissolved oxygen concentration in water at time of collection - **TEMP** — numeric(1), range 4.4000 27.5000, degrees Celsius Temperature of water at time of collection - **EC** — numeric(1), range 33.6000 285.0000, micro siemens per centimeter specific conductance (electrical conductivity) of water at time of collection - **DOC** — numeric(1), range 0.4200 6.2500, milligrams per liter Dissolved organic carbon of collected water sample - **LAB_DUPE_DOC** — numeric(1), range 0.5100 2.9100, milligrams per liter Dissolved organic carbon in a laboratory duplicate from the collected water sample - **DIC** — numeric(1), range 3.6100 9.4600, milligrams per liter Dissolved inorganic carbon of collected water sample - **COMMENT** — varchar, freetext Notes from field, laboratory, or QA/QC process for any unusual condition or event ## Attribute Definitions **COMMENT** Notes from field, laboratory, or QA/QC process for any unusual condition or event **DBCODE** FSDB Database Code **DIC** Dissolved inorganic carbon of collected water sample **DO** Dissolved oxygen concentration in water at time of collection **DOC** Dissolved organic carbon of collected water sample **DUPLICATE** a field duplicate water sample **EC** specific conductance (electrical conductivity) of water at time of collection **ENTITY** Entity number **INJNUM** ID code for each injection experiement or background sample **INJTIME** sample time based on breakthrough curve from injection experiment **LAB_DUPE_DOC** Dissolved organic carbon in a laboratory duplicate from the collected water sample **MESOCOSM** Name of hyporheic mesocosm **MESODISTANCE** water tavel distance through the mescocosm **PH** pH (hydrogen concentration) of water at time of collection **RUN** injection experiment name or background sample **SAMPLE_DATETIME** date and time of sample collection (some times are estimated) **SAMPLE_ID** Unique identifier for every sample (a concatenation of injnum, injtime, mesocosm, mesodistance, duplicate) **SITECODE** Gaging station site code **TEMP** Temperature of water at time of collection **TRAVELTIME** Median travel time of solutes through each pipe segment comprising each hyporheic mesocosm **TREATMENT_TYPE** type of injectate used in the injection experiment ## Enumerated Domains ### DBCODE - **CF016** — FSDB Database Study Code ### SITECODE - **WS1HMF** — WS1 hyporheic mesocosm facility located at WS1 gage house ### RUN - **1st-Acetate** — first acetate injection (sodium acetate + stream water) - **2nd-Acetate** — second acetate injection (sodium acetate + stream water) - **1st-Leachate** — first leachate injection (red alder leaf leachate vs forest flor Oa horizon leachate) - **2nd-Leachate** — second leachate injection (red alder leaf leachate vs forest flor Oa horizon leachate) - **Humic Acid** — humic acid vs sodium acetate injection experiment - **BackGround1** — first set of mesocosm sample collected under natural conditions (not during an inection expermiment) - **BackGround2** — second set of mesocosm sample collected under natural conditions, using original sampling methods (compare to BackGround3) - **BackGround3** — a third set of mesocosm sample collected under natural conditions, but with a change in sampling method (compare to BackGround2) ### INJNUM - **1A** — first injection experiment (using sodium acetate) - **2A** — second injection experiment (using sodium acetate) - **3L** — third injection experiment (using natural organic leachates) - **4L** — forth injection experiment (using natural organic leachates) - **5H** — fifth injection experiment (using laboratory humic acid and sodium acetate) - **B1** — first set of background (natural conditions) samples - **B2** — second set of background (natural conditions) samples - **B3** — third set of background (natural conditions) samples ### INJTIME - **T0** — Pre-injection samples collected between 5 hours and 2 days before the start of the continuous injection experiment - **T1** — Early plateau sample collected approximately 1 day after start of continuous injection - **T2** — Late plateau sample collected approximately 7 or 8 days after start of continuous injection - **T3** — Post-injection sample collected approximately 3 or 4 days after end of continuous injection - **T4** — Late post-injection samples collected approximately 8 days after end of continuous injection ### MESOCOSM - **M1** — First 2-m long mesocosm - **M2** — Second 2-m long mesocosm - **M3** — Third 2-m long mesocosm - **M4** — Fourth 2-m long mesocosm - **M5** — Fifth 2-m long mesocosm - **M6** — Sixth 2-m long mesocosm - **ST** — Samples collected from the stream ### TREATMENT_TYPE - **1xNaAC** — Planned injectate concentration of sodium acetate (CH3COONa) equal to background DOC in stream water to approx. double mesocosm inlet DOC - **2xNaAC** — Planned injectate concentration of sodium acetate (CH3COONa) equal to twice the background DOC in stream water to approx. triple mesocosm inlet DOC - **AlderLeaf** — Injectate made by soaking green-harvested, then air-dried, alder leaves in stream water. Planned concentration approx. equal to background DOC, to approx. double mesocosm inlet DOC - **Control** — mesocosm receiving unamended stream water during injection experiment or during background sampling under natural conditions - **ForestFloor Oa** — Injectate made by soaking air-dried forest floor Oa horizon in stream water. Planned concentration approx. equal to background DOC, to approx. double mesocosm inlet DOC - **HumicAcid** — Injectate of humic acid purchased from SigmaAldrich. Planned concentration approx. equal to background DOC, to approx. double mesocosm inlet DOC - **NaAC** — Injectate of sodium acetate (CH3COONa). Planned concentration approx. equal to background DOC, to approx. double mesocosm inlet DOC - **Reference** — Sample of stream water collected from the stream channel (not pumped through delivery system to the mesocosm)