# Hummingbird foraging patterns across alpine meadows with RFID-equipped feeders in the HJ Andrews Experimental Forest, 2014-2017

## Dataset

- **Database Code:** SA028

- **Title:** Hummingbird foraging patterns across alpine meadows with RFID-equipped feeders in the HJ Andrews Experimental Forest, 2014-2017

- **Abstract:**

Landscape changes can alter pollinator movement and foraging patterns which can in turn influence demographic processes of plant populations. In the Cascade Mountains of the Pacific Northwest, USA, forests are encroaching on alpine meadows that harbor diverse plant and pollinator communities. Whether encroachment and isolation of sub-meadows will influence pollinator foraging behaviors is unknown. To help assess those behaviors, subcutaneous Passive Integrated Transponders were implanted into 163 Rufous Hummingbirds (Selasphorus rufus), common avian pollinators in western North America and four arrays of five hummingbird feeders were established equipped with Radio Frequency Identification data loggers to passively relocate individuals at points throughout the landscape. The feeder arrays were established on four peaks along Frizzel Ridge in the H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest (Lookout Mountain, M1, M2, and Carpenter Mountain). A center feeder was established in a large, central alpine meadow and four satellite feeders c.a. 250m from the center. The satellite feeders were positioned such that at least one was in the open and connected to the center feeder by open habitat, one was in the open but separated from the center by coniferous forest canopy, and one was placed under coniferous forest canopy. Feeders were maintained for 1.5-12 weeks per year from 2014-2017.


- **Keywords:** ecology; population dynamics; recruitment; community composition; census; forest ecosystems; birds

- **Temporal coverage:** 2014-07-11 to 2017-07-25

- **Principal Investigator:** Matthew G Betts


## Data Entities

1. SA02801
2. SA02802
3. SA02803
4. SA02804

## Entity 1: SA02801

### Attribute list

- **DBCODE** — varchar, enum

FSDB Database Code

  - **SA028** — FSDB Database Study Code SA028


- **ENTITY** — numeric(1), range  1.0000  1.0000, number

Entity number


- **SITE** — varchar, enum

Site identification code for the feeder location

  - **CM_C** — SA028 - Center feeder on Capenter Mountain
  - **CM_E** — SA028 - East feeder on Capenter Mountain
  - **CM_N** — SA028 - North feeder on Capenter Mountain
  - **CM_S** — SA028 - South feeder on Capenter Mountain
  - **CM_W** — SA028 - West feeder on Capenter Mountain
  - **LOM_C** — SA028 - Center feeder on Lookout Mountain
  - **LOM_N** — SA028 - North feeder on Lookout Mountain
  - **LOM_NE** — SA028 - Northeast feeder on Lookout Mountain
  - **LOM_SE** — SA028 - Southeast feeder on Lookout Mountain
  - **LOM_W** — SA028 - West feeder on Lookout Mountain
  - **M1_C** — SA028 - Center feeder in M1 meadow complex
  - **M1_E** — SA028 - East feeder in M1 meadow complex
  - **M1_NE** — SA028 - Northeast feeder in M1 meadow complex
  - **M1_NW** — SA028 - Northwest feeder in M1 meadow complex
  - **M1_S** — SA028 - South feeder in M1 meadow complex
  - **M2_C** — SA028 - Center feeder in M2 meadow complex
  - **M2_E** — SA028 - East feeder in M2 meadow complex
  - **M2_N** — SA028 - North feeder in M2 meadow complex
  - **M2_S** — SA028 - South feeder in M2 meadow complex
  - **M2_W** — SA028 - West feeder in M2 meadow complex


- **SAMPLE_DATETIME** — datetime, freetext

Sample datetime of the read or capture


- **TAG_NO** — varchar, freetext

Unique identifier of the passive integrate transponder


- **NO_SECONDS** — numeric(1), range  0.0000  86400.0000, number

Seconds after midnight of the record


## Entity 2: SA02802

### Attribute list

- **DBCODE** — varchar, enum

FSDB Database Code

  - **SA028** — FSDB Database Study Code SA028


- **ENTITY** — numeric(1), range  2.0000  2.0000, number

Entity number


- **SITE** — varchar, enum

Site identification code for the feeder location

  - **CM_C** — SA028 - Center feeder on Capenter Mountain
  - **CM_E** — SA028 - East feeder on Capenter Mountain
  - **CM_N** — SA028 - North feeder on Capenter Mountain
  - **CM_S** — SA028 - South feeder on Capenter Mountain
  - **CM_W** — SA028 - West feeder on Capenter Mountain
  - **LOM_C** — SA028 - Center feeder on Lookout Mountain
  - **LOM_N** — SA028 - North feeder on Lookout Mountain
  - **LOM_NE** — SA028 - Northeast feeder on Lookout Mountain
  - **LOM_SE** — SA028 - Southeast feeder on Lookout Mountain
  - **LOM_W** — SA028 - West feeder on Lookout Mountain
  - **M1_C** — SA028 - Center feeder in M1 meadow complex
  - **M1_E** — SA028 - East feeder in M1 meadow complex
  - **M1_NE** — SA028 - Northeast feeder in M1 meadow complex
  - **M1_NW** — SA028 - Northwest feeder in M1 meadow complex
  - **M1_S** — SA028 - South feeder in M1 meadow complex
  - **M2_C** — SA028 - Center feeder in M2 meadow complex
  - **M2_E** — SA028 - East feeder in M2 meadow complex
  - **M2_N** — SA028 - North feeder in M2 meadow complex
  - **M2_S** — SA028 - South feeder in M2 meadow complex
  - **M2_W** — SA028 - West feeder in M2 meadow complex


- **LAT** — numeric(1), range  44.2037  44.2811, decimal degrees latitude or longitude

Latitude


- **LON** — numeric(1), range  -122.1486  -122.1066, decimal degrees latitude or longitude

Longitude


- **UTM_X** — numeric(1), range  567945.0000  571340.0000, meters

NAD83 UTM Zone 10N x-coordinate


- **UTM_Y** — numeric(1), range  4894877.0000  4903440.0000, meters

NAD83 UTM Zone 10N y-coordinate


- **HABITAT** — varchar, enum

Description of the habitat at each site

  - **large_meadow** — Large meadow
  - **small_meadow** — Small meadow
  - **scrub** — Shrubby area characterized by having some vine maple (Acer circinatum) and/or devil's club (Oplopanax horridus)
  - **forest** — Coniferous forest


- **TRTMNT** — varchar, enum

Landscape ecology "treatment" for each site

  - **center** — Feeder placed in the center of the array in a large meadow
  - **isolated** — Feeder placed in an open area but disconnected from the center feeder by coniferous forest canopy
  - **connected** — Feeder placed in an open area connect to the center feeder by open habitat
  - **forest** — Feeder placed inside coniferous forest


- **MEADOW_COMPLEX** — varchar, enum

Broad meadow classification for the array of 5 feeders based on geography

  - **CM** — Carpenter Main Meadow
  - **M2** — Frissell Main 2 Meadow
  - **LOM** — Lookout Main Meadow
  - **M1** — Frissell Main 1 Meadow


- **NEAR_MEADOW_PLOT** — varchar, enum

the nearest meadow_plot where Aquilegia formosa leaves were collected in study SA029, if relevant

  - **CMX41A** — Carpenter Main Meadow, plot x41a
  - **CMX41C** — Carpenter Main Meadow, plot x41c
  - **LOMX4A** — Lookout Main Meadow, plot x4a
  - **M1X1A** — Frissell Main 1 Meadow, plot x1a
  - **M1X7** — Frissell Main 1 Meadow, plot x7
  - **M2X21A** — Frissell Main 2 Meadow, plot x21a
  - **M2X21F** — Frissell Main 2 Meadow, plot x21f
  - **CMX41B** — Carpenter Main Meadow, plot x41b
  - **LOMX15G** — Lookout Main Meadow, plot x15g


- **NO_YEARS** — numeric(1), range  2.0000  4.0000, number

Total number of seasons a feeder was maintained on the landscape


- **DAYS_ACTIVE** — numeric(1), range  104.0000  179.0000, number

Total number of days a feeder was maintained on the landscape


- **PROP_FOR100** — numeric(1), range  0.0000  1.0000, number

Proportion of forested area in a 100m radius buffer around the feeder


## Entity 3: SA02803

### Attribute list

- **DBCODE** — varchar, enum

FSDB Database Code

  - **SA028** — FSDB Database Study Code SA028


- **ENTITY** — numeric(1), range  3.0000  3.0000, number

Entity number


- **LOC** — varchar, enum

Feeder location of capture, near center of meadow

  - **CM_C** — SA028 - Center feeder on Capenter Mountain
  - **LOM_C** — SA028 - Center feeder on Lookout Mountain
  - **M1_C** — SA028 - Center feeder in M1 meadow complex
  - **M2_C** — SA028 - Center feeder in M2 meadow complex
  - **BCM** — SA028 - location of capture on backside of Carpenter Mountain
  - **CVOGV** — SA028 - location of capture at CVOGV
  - **HQ** — SA028 - location of capture at headquarters


- **SAMPLE_DATETIME** — datetime, freetext

Sample datetime of the read or capture


- **BAND** — varchar, freetext

Unique leg band ID


- **STATUS** — varchar, enum

Status of bird (new or returning)

  - **R** — Returning bird (previously caught and banded)
  - **N** — New bird, never banded


- **SPECIES** — varchar, enum

Bird species

  - **ANHU** — Calypte anna
  - **RUHU** — Selasphorus rufus


- **SEX** — varchar, enum

Sex of the bird

  - **F** — female
  - **M** — male
  - **U** — unknown sex


- **AGE** — varchar, enum

Age of the bird

  - **AHY** — After hatch year
  - **HY** — Hatch year


- **RFID** — varchar, freetext

First five digits of the unique passive integrated transponder ID code


- **BDR** — varchar, freetext

Bander's initials


## Entity 4: SA02804

### Attribute list

- **DBCODE** — varchar, enum

FSDB Database Code

  - **SA028** — FSDB Database Study Code SA028


- **ENTITY** — numeric(1), range  4.0000  4.0000, number

Entity number


- **SITE** — varchar, enum

Site identification code for the feeder location

  - **CM_C** — SA028 - Center feeder on Capenter Mountain
  - **CM_E** — SA028 - East feeder on Capenter Mountain
  - **CM_N** — SA028 - North feeder on Capenter Mountain
  - **CM_S** — SA028 - South feeder on Capenter Mountain
  - **CM_W** — SA028 - West feeder on Capenter Mountain
  - **LOM_C** — SA028 - Center feeder on Lookout Mountain
  - **LOM_N** — SA028 - North feeder on Lookout Mountain
  - **LOM_NE** — SA028 - Northeast feeder on Lookout Mountain
  - **LOM_SE** — SA028 - Southeast feeder on Lookout Mountain
  - **LOM_W** — SA028 - West feeder on Lookout Mountain
  - **M1_C** — SA028 - Center feeder in M1 meadow complex
  - **M1_E** — SA028 - East feeder in M1 meadow complex
  - **M1_NE** — SA028 - Northeast feeder in M1 meadow complex
  - **M1_NW** — SA028 - Northwest feeder in M1 meadow complex
  - **M1_S** — SA028 - South feeder in M1 meadow complex
  - **M2_C** — SA028 - Center feeder in M2 meadow complex
  - **M2_E** — SA028 - East feeder in M2 meadow complex
  - **M2_N** — SA028 - North feeder in M2 meadow complex
  - **M2_S** — SA028 - South feeder in M2 meadow complex
  - **M2_W** — SA028 - West feeder in M2 meadow complex


- **FOREST** — varchar, enum

Indicator variable for whether the cell is forested or not

  - **** — No forest present
  - **1** — Forest present


## Attribute Definitions

**AGE**

Age of the bird


**BAND**

Unique leg band ID


**BDR**

Bander's initials


**DAYS_ACTIVE**

Total number of days a feeder was maintained on the landscape


**DBCODE**

FSDB Database Code


**ENTITY**

Entity number


**FOREST**

Indicator variable for whether the cell is forested or not


**HABITAT**

Description of the habitat at each site


**LAT**

Latitude


**LOC**

Feeder location of capture, near center of meadow


**LON**

Longitude


**MEADOW_COMPLEX**

Broad meadow classification for the array of 5 feeders based on geography


**NEAR_MEADOW_PLOT**

the nearest meadow_plot where Aquilegia formosa leaves were collected in study SA029, if relevant


**NO_SECONDS**

Seconds after midnight of the record


**NO_YEARS**

Total number of seasons a feeder was maintained on the landscape


**PROP_FOR100**

Proportion of forested area in a 100m radius buffer around the feeder


**RFID**

First five digits of the unique passive integrated transponder ID code


**SAMPLE_DATETIME**

Sample datetime of the read or capture


**SEX**

Sex of the bird


**SITE**

Site identification code for the feeder location


**SPECIES**

Bird species


**STATUS**

Status of bird (new or returning)


**TAG_NO**

Unique identifier of the passive integrate transponder


**TRTMNT**

Landscape ecology "treatment" for each site


**UTM_X**

NAD83 UTM Zone 10N x-coordinate


**UTM_Y**

NAD83 UTM Zone 10N y-coordinate


## Enumerated Domains

### DBCODE

- **SA028** — FSDB Database Study Code SA028

### SITE

- **CM_C** — SA028 - Center feeder on Capenter Mountain

- **CM_E** — SA028 - East feeder on Capenter Mountain

- **CM_N** — SA028 - North feeder on Capenter Mountain

- **CM_S** — SA028 - South feeder on Capenter Mountain

- **CM_W** — SA028 - West feeder on Capenter Mountain

- **LOM_C** — SA028 - Center feeder on Lookout Mountain

- **LOM_N** — SA028 - North feeder on Lookout Mountain

- **LOM_NE** — SA028 - Northeast feeder on Lookout Mountain

- **LOM_SE** — SA028 - Southeast feeder on Lookout Mountain

- **LOM_W** — SA028 - West feeder on Lookout Mountain

- **M1_C** — SA028 - Center feeder in M1 meadow complex

- **M1_E** — SA028 - East feeder in M1 meadow complex

- **M1_NE** — SA028 - Northeast feeder in M1 meadow complex

- **M1_NW** — SA028 - Northwest feeder in M1 meadow complex

- **M1_S** — SA028 - South feeder in M1 meadow complex

- **M2_C** — SA028 - Center feeder in M2 meadow complex

- **M2_E** — SA028 - East feeder in M2 meadow complex

- **M2_N** — SA028 - North feeder in M2 meadow complex

- **M2_S** — SA028 - South feeder in M2 meadow complex

- **M2_W** — SA028 - West feeder in M2 meadow complex

### HABITAT

- **large_meadow** — Large meadow

- **small_meadow** — Small meadow

- **scrub** — Shrubby area characterized by having some vine maple (Acer circinatum) and/or devil's club (Oplopanax horridus)

- **forest** — Coniferous forest

### TRTMNT

- **center** — Feeder placed in the center of the array in a large meadow

- **isolated** — Feeder placed in an open area but disconnected from the center feeder by coniferous forest canopy

- **connected** — Feeder placed in an open area connect to the center feeder by open habitat

- **forest** — Feeder placed inside coniferous forest

### MEADOW_COMPLEX

- **CM** — Carpenter Main Meadow

- **M2** — Frissell Main 2 Meadow

- **LOM** — Lookout Main Meadow

- **M1** — Frissell Main 1 Meadow

### NEAR_MEADOW_PLOT

- **CMX41A** — Carpenter Main Meadow, plot x41a

- **CMX41C** — Carpenter Main Meadow, plot x41c

- **LOMX4A** — Lookout Main Meadow, plot x4a

- **M1X1A** — Frissell Main 1 Meadow, plot x1a

- **M1X7** — Frissell Main 1 Meadow, plot x7

- **M2X21A** — Frissell Main 2 Meadow, plot x21a

- **M2X21F** — Frissell Main 2 Meadow, plot x21f

- **CMX41B** — Carpenter Main Meadow, plot x41b

- **LOMX15G** — Lookout Main Meadow, plot x15g

### LOC

- **CM_C** — SA028 - Center feeder on Capenter Mountain

- **LOM_C** — SA028 - Center feeder on Lookout Mountain

- **M1_C** — SA028 - Center feeder in M1 meadow complex

- **M2_C** — SA028 - Center feeder in M2 meadow complex

- **BCM** — SA028 - location of capture on backside of Carpenter Mountain

- **CVOGV** — SA028 - location of capture at CVOGV

- **HQ** — SA028 - location of capture at headquarters

### STATUS

- **R** — Returning bird (previously caught and banded)

- **N** — New bird, never banded

### SPECIES

- **ANHU** — Calypte anna

- **RUHU** — Selasphorus rufus

### SEX

- **F** — female

- **M** — male

- **U** — unknown sex

### AGE

- **AHY** — After hatch year

- **HY** — Hatch year

### FOREST

- **** — No forest present

- **1** — Forest present