uid=AND,o=lter,dc=ecoinformatics,dc=org all public read GE008 Julia A. Jones

Oregon State University;Department of Geosciences; Wilkinson Hall 104 Corvallis OR 97331-5506 USA

(541) 737-1224 Julia.Jones@oregonstate.edu geojulia@comcast.net http://ceoas.oregonstate.edu/profile/jones/ http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9429-8925 Beverley C. Wemple

Department of Geography;University of Vermont; Burlington VT 05405 USA

Beverley.Wemple@uvm.edu Julia A. Jones

Oregon State University;Department of Geosciences; Wilkinson Hall 104 Corvallis OR 97331-5506 USA

(541) 737-1224 Julia.Jones@oregonstate.edu geojulia@comcast.net http://ceoas.oregonstate.edu/profile/jones/ http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9429-8925 Principal Investigator Julia A. Jones

Oregon State University;Department of Geosciences; Wilkinson Hall 104 Corvallis OR 97331-5506 USA

(541) 737-1224 Julia.Jones@oregonstate.edu geojulia@comcast.net http://ceoas.oregonstate.edu/profile/jones/ http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9429-8925 Creator Frederick J. Swanson

USDA Forest Service;Pacific NW Research Station;3200 SW Jefferson Way Corvallis OR 97331 USA

(541) 750-7355 fred.swanson@oregonstate.edu Other Researcher Beverley C. Wemple

Department of Geography;University of Vermont; Burlington VT 05405 USA

Beverley.Wemple@uvm.edu Abstractor Beverley C. Wemple

Department of Geography;University of Vermont; Burlington VT 05405 USA

Beverley.Wemple@uvm.edu Creator 2011-09-14 Studies of the effects of forest roads on mountain watersheds (e.g. Jones and Grant 1996; Wemple et al. 1996) led to asking how sedimentation processes were affected by roads during the flood of February, 1996. Of interest were how roads influenced erosional processes and how flood-induced erosion affected the transportation network. By employing concepts of sediment budgeting and disturbance cascades, this study aims to create a landscape context for understanding the impact of an extensive road network on the geomorphic imprint left by this flood of record in February 1996. debris flows landslides disturbance erosion sedimentation inorganic nutrients roads LTER controlled vocabulary disturbance inorganic nutrients LTER core research areas Funding for this research was provided by a grant from the U.S. Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center (Task Order #H952-A1-0101-19). Additional funding was provided through the USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station for research at the H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest Long-Term Ecological Research site (National Science Foundation grant DEB96-32921). Related PublicationsJones, J. A.; Grant, G. E. 1996. Peak flow responses to clear-cutting and roads in small and large basins, western Cascades, Oregon. Water Resources Research. 32(4): 959-974.Wemple, Beverley C.; Jones, Julia A.; Grant, Gordon E. 1996. Channel network extension by logging roads in two basins, western Cascades, Oregon. Water Resources Bulletin. 32(6): 1195-1207. Data Use Agreement: The re-use of scientific data has the potential to greatly increase communication, collaboration and synthesis within and among disciplines, and thus is fostered, supported and encouraged. This Data Set is released under the Creative Commons license CC BY "Attribution" (see: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Creative Commons license CC BY - Attribution is a license that allows others to distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon your work (even commercially), as long as you are credited for the original creation. This license accommodates maximum dissemination and use of licensed materials. It is considered professional conduct and an ethical obligation to acknowledge the work of other scientists. The Data User is asked to provide attribution of the original work if this data package is shared in whole or by individual parts or used in the derivation of other products. A recommended citation is provided for each Data Set in the Andrews LTER data catalog (see: http://andlter.forestry.oregonstate.edu/data/catalog/datacatalog.aspx). A generic citation is also provided for this Data Set on the website https://portal.edirepository.org in the summary metadata page. Data Users are thus strongly encouraged to consider consultation, collaboration and/or co-authorship with the Data Set Creator. While substantial efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of data and associated documentation, complete accuracy of data sets cannot be guaranteed and all data are made available "as is." The Data User should be aware, however, that data are updated periodically and it is the responsibility of the Data User to check for new versions of the data. The data authors and the repository where these data were obtained shall not be liable for damages resulting from any use or misinterpretation of the data. General acknowledgement: Data were provided by the HJ Andrews Experimental Forest research program, funded by the National Science Foundation's Long-Term Ecological Research Program (DEB 2025755), US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, and Oregon State University. http://andlter.forestry.oregonstate.edu/data/abstract.aspx?dbcode=GE008 1999-05-02 1999-09-02 Studies of the effects of forest roads on mountain watersheds (e.g. Jones and Grant, 1996; Wemple et al., 1996) led to asking how sedimentation processes were affected by roads during the flood. Of interest were how roads influenced erosional processes and how flood-induced erosion affected the transportation network. By employing concepts of sediment budgeting and disturbance cascades, this study aims to create a landscape context for understanding the impact of an extensive road network on the geomorphic imprint left by this flood of record in February 1996.

An update history is logged and maintained with each new version of every dataset.

notPlanned Original metadata creation Version1 1999-07-23 Moved database to SQL server Version2 2005-04-15 Information Manager

Andrews Forest LTER Program US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station 3200 SW Jefferson Way Corvallis OR 97331

hjaweb@fsl.orst.edu http://andrewsforest.oregonstate.edu/ Beverley C. Wemple

Department of Geography;University of Vermont; Burlington VT 05405 USA

Beverley.Wemple@uvm.edu Andrews Forest LTER Site

Forest Ecosystems and Society Department in Forestry Oregon State University 201K Richardson Hall Corvallis OR 97331-5752

(541) 737-8480 lterweb@fsl.orst.edu http://andrewsforest.oregonstate.edu/ Field Methods - GE008 A survey of the road network in the Lookout Creek and Blue River watersheds was conducted to inventory road-related sedimentation resulting from the February 1996 flood. During the spring and summer of 1996, the entire road network in both basins was inventoried for erosional and depositional features associated with roads. Each feature was field located on 7.5' topographic maps and later digitized into a geographic information system (GIS). To distinguish among forms of erosion and deposition associated with roads, a typology of features, based on the process type and the point of origin relative to the road zone (defined as the cutslope, road surface and ditch, and fillslope), was developed. Two general process types were considered: mass wasting and fluvial. Mass wasting involves en masse detachment and transport of sediment and organic debris on hillslopes (debris slides) and in channels (debris flows). Mass wasting can also involve displacement of soil without evacuation from the site (e.g. slumps). The features produced by these processes are referred to in this paper as mass movements. Fluvial processes involve particle by particle transport of sediment by flowing water in channels (bedload transport) and on hillslopes or roads (incision and gullying), and produce what are generally refer to here as fluvial features. Four points of origin were considered: above the road, the cutslope, the road surface and ditch, and the fillslope. Three types of debris slides were distinguished for this study: those initiated on hillslopes above roads were termed hillslope slides, those originating on cutslopes were termed cutslope slides, and those from road fills were termed fillslope slides. Other processes originating above roads included debris flows and bedload transport that plugged culverts. Processes originating within the road zone included slumps, ditch incision, and gullying. The length, width and depth of erosional scars and deposits were measured as appropriate for each feature to determine sediment volumes. Volumes are reported here to the nearest 5 m3. The accuracy of volume estimates, however, varies by the size of the feature, and reported volumes are considered to be precise only to two significant figures. The study was conducted in the Lookout Creek and Blue River watersheds, located approximately 70 km east of Eugene in the western Oregon Cascades. Elevations in the basins range from 400 meters to over 1500 meters, with slopes ranging from 0 to 80 percent. The basins are underlaid by Tertiary and early Quaternary volcanic rocks, primarily ash flows, mudflows and pyroclastic flows at the lower elevations (below 800 meters) and andesite and basalt lava flows in the higher elevations. The geomorphic history of the basins is shaped by glacial, fluvial and mass wasting processes. Glacial deposits are evident in the southeast portion of the Blue River drainage. Lacustrine sediments and varve deposits are found along the banks of lower Blue River and Lookout Creek. Geologic mapping (Swanson and James, 1975) and landslide inventories (Dyrness, 1967; Swanson and Dyrness, 1975) document the history of deep-seated earthflows and shallow landsliding in the area. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 2300 to over 2500 mm at the upper elevations (Greenland, 1994). Over 80% of the precipitation falls between November to April, typically as rain below 400 meters. Elevations between 400 and 1200 meters have been termed the "transient snow zone" (Harr, 1981) where precipitation falls alternately as rain and snow. A permanent snow zone develops during most winters above 1200 meters. Floods in the region often result from relatively warm rain events on an accumulated snowpack (Harr, 1981). Summary of characteristics of study basins Lookout Creek basin Watershed area: 62 km2 Harvested area: 22% Drainage densitya: 3.0 km/km2 Road length: 118 km Road density: 1.9 km/km2 Area of basin in roadsb: 3.1% Blue River basin (upper) Watershed area: 119 km2 Harvested area: 25% Drainage densitya: 2.9 km/km2 Road length: 230 km Road density: 1.9 km/km2 Area of basin in roadsb: 3.1% Notes: a Estimated winter baseflow drainage density (see Wemple et al., 1996). b Computed using an average width of road cut, surface, and fill of 16 meters from Silen and Gratkowski, 1953. Vegetation in the basins consists of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) and western red cedar (Thuja plicata). Stands of Pacific silver fir (Abies amabilis) occur above 800 m. Forest harvesting and road construction have occurred in both basins since the late 1930's (Jones and Grant, 1996). Harvesting and road construction in the Lookout Creek watershed occurred primarily in the 1950's and 1960's. Most of the harvesting and road construction in the Blue River watershed occurred between 1960 and 1985. Sampling frequency: once only Following the February 1996 flood, a survey is conducted in two watersheds in the western Oregon Cascades to examine flood impacts associated with roads. The approach to this study included four components: (1) an inventory of road-related sedimentation features, (2) an analysis of landscape position of these features, (3) an analysis of process complexity and disturbance cascades, and (4) a mass balance of sediment relative to the zone of road influence. Sherri L. Johnson

US Forest Service ;Pacific NW Research Station ;3200 SW Jefferson Way Corvallis OR 97331 USA

541-758-7771 sherri.johnson2@usda.gov sherri.johnson@oregonstate.edu https://www.fs.fed.us/research/people/profile.php?alias=sherrijohnson Principal Investigator Julia A. Jones

Oregon State University;Department of Geosciences; Wilkinson Hall 104 Corvallis OR 97331-5506 USA

(541) 737-1224 Julia.Jones@oregonstate.edu geojulia@comcast.net http://ceoas.oregonstate.edu/profile/jones/ http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9429-8925 Principal Investigator Matthew G Betts

Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society; 201E Richardson Hall; College of Forestry; Oregon State University Corvallis OR 97331

(541) 737-3841 matt.betts@oregonstate.edu http://www.fsl.orst.edu/flel/index.htm Principal Investigator Michael P. Nelson

Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society; 201K Richarson Hall; College of Forestry; Oregon State University Corvallis OR 97331

541-737-9221 mpnelson@oregonstate.edu http://www.michaelpnelson.com http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6917-4752 Principal Investigator David Bell david.bell@usda.gov david.bell@oregonstate.edu https://lemma.forestry.oregonstate.edu/about/david-bell Principal Investigator The H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest is a living laboratory that provides unparalleled opportunities for the study of forest and stream ecosystems in the central Cascade Range of Oregon. Since 1980, as a part of the National Science Foundation Long Term Ecological Research (NSF-LTER) program, the Andrews Experimental Forest has become a leader in the analysis of forest and stream ecosystem dynamics. Long-term field experiments and measurement programs have focused on climate dynamics, streamflow, water quality, and vegetation succession. Currently researchers are working to develop concepts and tools needed to predict effects of natural disturbance, land use, and climate change on ecosystem structure, function, and species composition. The Andrews Experimental Forest is administered cooperatively by the USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, Oregon State University and the Willamette National Forest. Funding for the research program comes from the National Science Foundation (NSF), US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, Oregon State University, and other sources. Data were provided by the HJ Andrews Experimental Forest research program, funded by the National Science Foundation's Long-Term Ecological Research Program (DEB 2025755), US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, and Oregon State University. National Science Foundation: DEB1440409 The Andrews Forest is situated in the western Cascade Range of Oregon, and covers the entire 15,800-acre (6400-ha) drainage basin of Lookout Creek. Elevation ranges from 1350 to 5340 feet (410 to 1630 m). Broadly representative of the rugged mountainous landscape of the Pacific Northwest, the Andrews Forest contains excellent examples of the region's conifer forests and associated wildlife and stream ecosystems. These forests are among the tallest and most productive in the world, with tree heights of often greater than 250 ft (75 m). Streams are steep, cold and clean, providing habitat for numerous aquatic organisms. 1 GE00801 Erosion/Depositional Features with Sediment Volumes: GE00801.csv 4695 ffcf914dbcb6d59b5b08512aba2a5eb0 1 \r\n column , " http://andlter.forestry.oregonstate.edu/ltermeta/ltersearch/dataaccess.aspx?docid=GE00801_v1.csv STCODE Study code char(4) Study code FORMAT Format number numeric(1,0) number 1 whole 1.0000 1.0000 F_NUMBER Feature number (erosional or depositional features) numeric(3,0) number 1.000000 integer 1.0000 103.0000 F_TYPE Type of feature (based on the point of origin relative to road network) char(2) hs Hillslope slides ff Fillslope slides cf Cutslope slides df Debris flows s Slumps pc Plugged culverts id Incised ditches g Gullies LANDSLIDE Refers to identification number in Swanson/Wallenstein inventory of landslides - see GE007 char(8) Refers to identification number in Swanson/Wallenstein inventory of landslides - see GE007 VOL_H Volume of hillslope material numeric(6,0) cubic meters 1.000000 integer 0.0000 6000.0000 VOL_S Volume stored on the road numeric(6,0) cubic meters 1.000000 integer 0.0000 4750.0000 VOL_T Volume transported through the road numeric(6,0) cubic meters 1.000000 integer 0.0000 5000.0000 VOL_R Volume of road material numeric(6,0) cubic meters 1.000000 integer 0.0000 6255.0000 VOL_OUT Volume yielded below the road numeric(6,0) cubic meters 1.000000 integer 0.0000 6255.0000 BASIN Refers to basin where feature was mapped char(2) lo Lookout creek br Upper blue river DECADE Refers to decade of construction for road on which feature was mapped char(2) 50 Before 1950 60 Before 1960 70 1961-1970 80 1971-1980 90 1981-1990 ELEV Refers to elevation zone in which feature was mapped char(1) 1 400-800 meter elevation 2 801-1200 meter elevation 3 >1200 meter elevation POSITION Landscape position of inventoried feature char(1) m Midslopes: everything not defined as valley floor or ridge/upslope v Valley floors: delineated with a 200 meter buffer around fifth-order streams and delineated with a 100 meter buffer around fourth-order streams r Riddges/upperslopes defined with a 100 meter buffer on a linear network of ridges digitized from 7.5' topographic maps ASSOC Refers to number of associated feature char(6) Refers to number of associated feature PRIMARY GE00801.F_NUMBER NOTNULL GE00801.FORMAT GE00801.BASIN GE00801.DECADE GE00801.ELEV GE00801.F_TYPE GE00801.POSITION GE00801.STCODE GE00801.F_NUMBER GE00801.VOL_H GE00801.VOL_OUT GE00801.VOL_R GE00801.VOL_S GE00801.VOL_T dimensionless number, i.e., ratio, count cubic meters