uid=AND,o=lter,dc=ecoinformatics,dc=org all public read HF012 Steven M. Wondzell

Pacific Northwest Research Station; Corvallis Forestry Sciences Lab; 3200 SW Jefferson Way Corvallis OR 97331 USA

541-758-8753 steve.wondzell@usda.gov https://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/lwm/aem/people/wondzell.html Justin K. Anderson

97331 USA

970-945-3265 justinkanderson@fs.fed.us Justin M LaNier

Dept. of Geosciences;104 Wilkinson Hall;Oregon State University Corvallis OR 97331-5506 USA

541.737.8774 Steven M. Wondzell

Pacific Northwest Research Station; Corvallis Forestry Sciences Lab; 3200 SW Jefferson Way Corvallis OR 97331 USA

541-758-8753 steve.wondzell@usda.gov https://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/lwm/aem/people/wondzell.html Principal Investigator Steven M. Wondzell

Pacific Northwest Research Station; Corvallis Forestry Sciences Lab; 3200 SW Jefferson Way Corvallis OR 97331 USA

541-758-8753 steve.wondzell@usda.gov https://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/lwm/aem/people/wondzell.html Creator Justin K. Anderson

97331 USA

970-945-3265 justinkanderson@fs.fed.us Creator Roy Haggerty

Dept. of Geosciences;Wilkinson 104;Oregon State University Corvallis OR 97331 USA

541-737-1210 haggertr@geo.oregonstate.edu http://ceoas.oregonstate.edu/profile/haggerty/ Other Researcher 2011-09-14 The dataset provides surveyed longitudinal elevation profiles of the water surface along the center-line of twelve randomly selected study reaches located in the Lookout Creek basin at the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest in the western Cascades Mountains of Oregon. Streams were surveyed with an engineers level and stadia rod between Jan 2000 and August 2001; survey locations were regularly spaced along the length of the channel using a tape measure stretched between stakes along the center line of the channel. The slope of the water surface profile were categorized into three distinct types of units, called Slope Units, and were defined according to slope categories for flat water, steep water, and step units (FLATs, STEEPs and STEPs). The slope units were categorized into 12 different qualitatively descriptive classifications to further describe the morphology of the survey, and a perceived cause of the slope units. Additionally, channel widths were recorded to examine the effects of channel constraint on the geomorphic features of the study reaches. geomorphology hydrology debris flows stream order physical processes hydrologic processes woody debris coarse woody debris water groundwater hyporheic zone aquatic ecosystems rivers streams LTER controlled vocabulary Stream tracer experiments in the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest (HF011) Database consists of two tables: One containing the longitudinal profile, and geomorphic catalog information, and another table giving specific site locations and general reach characteristics. The bounding coordinates are given from original reach delineation described in the methods section below. However, once reaches were selected, they were truncated to 20 active channel widths downstream from the starting UTMs, resulting in minor discrepancy in some locations and larger discrepancy in others between the downstream boundary given by the downstream UTMs and the end of the surveyed reaches. Funding for this work was provided by National Science Foundation grant # EAR 99-09564.Related PublicationsAnderson, Justin K.; Wondzell, Steven M.; Gooseff, Michael N.; Haggerty, Roy. 2005. Patterns in stream longitudinal profiles and implications for hyporheic exchange flow at the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest, Oregon, USA. Hydrological Processes. 19: 2931-2949. Data Use Agreement: The re-use of scientific data has the potential to greatly increase communication, collaboration and synthesis within and among disciplines, and thus is fostered, supported and encouraged. This Data Set is released under the Creative Commons license CC BY "Attribution" (see: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Creative Commons license CC BY - Attribution is a license that allows others to distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon your work (even commercially), as long as you are credited for the original creation. This license accommodates maximum dissemination and use of licensed materials. It is considered professional conduct and an ethical obligation to acknowledge the work of other scientists. The Data User is asked to provide attribution of the original work if this data package is shared in whole or by individual parts or used in the derivation of other products. A recommended citation is provided for each Data Set in the Andrews LTER data catalog (see: http://andlter.forestry.oregonstate.edu/data/catalog/datacatalog.aspx). A generic citation is also provided for this Data Set on the website https://portal.edirepository.org in the summary metadata page. Data Users are thus strongly encouraged to consider consultation, collaboration and/or co-authorship with the Data Set Creator. While substantial efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of data and associated documentation, complete accuracy of data sets cannot be guaranteed and all data are made available "as is." The Data User should be aware, however, that data are updated periodically and it is the responsibility of the Data User to check for new versions of the data. The data authors and the repository where these data were obtained shall not be liable for damages resulting from any use or misinterpretation of the data. General acknowledgement: Data were provided by the HJ Andrews Experimental Forest research program, funded by the National Science Foundation's Long-Term Ecological Research Program (DEB 2025755), US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, and Oregon State University. http://andlter.forestry.oregonstate.edu/data/abstract.aspx?dbcode=HF012 Andrews Experimental Forest, Willamette National Forest, Western Cascade Range of Oregon -122.25910000 -122.09930400 44.27949500 44.20582000 428 1620 meter 2000-01-06 2001-08-31 These data were used to investigate how channel unit spacing, bed profile roughness, hydraulic gradients, and stream channel complexity change across a continuum ranging from headwater to mid-order streams.

An update history is logged and maintained with each new version of every dataset.

notPlanned Original metadata creation Version1 2003-04-11 Metadata restructured and moved into SQLServer metadata database LTERMETA. Data moved into SQLServer database FSDBDATA. Version2 2003-07-08 Information Manager

Andrews Forest LTER Program US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station 3200 SW Jefferson Way Corvallis OR 97331

hjaweb@fsl.orst.edu http://andrewsforest.oregonstate.edu/ Andrews Forest LTER Site

Forest Ecosystems and Society Department in Forestry Oregon State University 201K Richardson Hall Corvallis OR 97331-5752

(541) 737-8480 lterweb@fsl.orst.edu http://andrewsforest.oregonstate.edu/ Field Methods - HF012 Stream survey methods Stream reaches were surveyed with an auto-level and a leveling rod between June and August of 2000 and 2001. A fiberglass measuring tape was stretched between stakes driven into the streambed along the thalweg. Streambed elevations and water surface elevations, relative to an arbitrary benchmark, were surveyed at points along the measuring tape. Survey points were spaced between 0.5 and 8 meters according to stream feature sizes. This approach allowed us to efficiently capture all channel spanning slope breaks in the stream bed and stream water surface. We used definitions from Schumm (1977) as a guide for defining floodplain features and measuring floodplain and channel widths. Accordingly, the active channel was defined as the part of the floodplain that undergoes active erosion and deposition. The active width was identified by the break between bare, recently scoured alluvium and surfaces either occupied by perennial vegetation or elevated enough to have escaped recent scouring. The confined width was measured as the width of the active floodplain between the lowest terrace level, or valley wall, which ever was nearer the channel. Wetted stream channel widths, and active widths were measured at 10 meter intervals for second order streams, and at 15 meter intervals for third and fourth order streams. Defining slope breaks and channel slope units Longitudinal profiles of water surface elevations were systematically broken into line segments defined by each consecutive pair of survey points. Slope (gradient) was calculated for each line segment as (Dz / Dx), where Dz is a vertical distance, and Dx is a distance along the axis of stream flow. Each line segment was then assigned to one of three categories: FLAT (flat water units--slope less than 0.025), STEEP (steep water units--0.025 less than slope less than 0.13), or STEP (step units--slope greater than 0.13). Often times, two or more adjacent line segments fell in the same slope category. Collections of consecutive line segments of the same slope category define a Channel Slope Unit (CSU). These are categorized as FLAT, STEEP, or STEP according to the line segments slope criteria. Length and slope were calculated for every CSU. FLATs included what are commonly referred to as pools, runs, and glides; STEEPs included riffles and rapids; and STEPs included steps and cascades. Several values for slope categories were tested and compared, but the ones reported yielded CSUs that most closely matched the pattern of pools, riffles and steps observed in the field. Additional study reach descriptions As a supplement to the longitudinal profile, certain stream characteristics were documented providing a more descriptive representation of the study reaches. These were not used for analysis of the slope unit patterns, but were included in this data set for completeness. These descriptions are: the percieved cause of STEP slope units (if caused by a wood, boulders, or a bedrock step); qualitative descriptions of the channel morphologic features; and specific descriptions of stream features or materials at or near the given survey locations. The qualitative catagories used in this study are: Riffle, High Gradient Riffle, Pool, Plunge Pool, Dam Pool, Scour Pool, Trench Pool, , Rapid, Cascade, Falls, , Run, and Glide. (–Justin A., is there a reference for this naming procedure?) The specific descriptions of stream features or materials include: divergence and confluence of side channels, predominant streambed material, lateral inflows from tributaries, and types of woody debris in the channel. Bars and secondary channels All but one of the randomly selected stream reaches had some secondary channel development. Most of the secondary channels observed were channel splits separated from the main channel by island bars or transverse bars (Table 2). Bars in second-order streams tended to be small, poorly developed, poorly sorted and associated with large, essentially immobile boulders or wood. In third-order streams bars were larger, better developed, and had sediment that was better sorted. Bars in fourth-order streams were the largest, most well developed, and sediment was the most well-sorted. One channel split, observed in an unconfined reach (416L), was not connected to the main channel at the downstream end. An alcove was observed in the bedrock reach (403). The alcove was associated with a scoured depression between a gravel/cobble bar, and a bedrock wall confining the active floodplain. The frequency of side channels and bar-formed secondary channels was recorded for each stream reach. Side channels are defined as extensions of the main channel that are separated by islands that are outside the active channel width (i.e. high enough to avoid periodic flooding). Bar-formed secondary channels include channel splits and alcoves. Channel splits are defined as extensions of the channel that are connected to the main channel at their head, but are separated by bars that occur within the active width of the stream. Channel splits may or may not be connected to the main channel at their tails by surface water. Alcoves are slack water channels separated from the main channel by bars; they exist in scoured bed depression connected to the main channel at the downstream end. Stream Reach Discretization The purpose of delineating stream reaches was to identify similar physical units for sampling. An Arc view shape-file of second-, third- and fourth-order (Strahler, 1964) stream segments in the study area was created using a 10-meter digital elevation model (DEM). In this stream layer Lookout Creek is 4th order at its mouth. Four stream reaches from each order (12 total) were chosen at random to allow inferences to the entire basin. A computer model was used to systematically generate UTM coordinates for a population of possible stream reach locations in streams of each order. Locations were numbered and a subset of them was randomly selected for sampling. Stream reach locations were located in the field by using a hand held GPS unit to locate UTM coordinates obtained from the digital map of the study area. Selected locations were treated as the upstream end of a study reach. The downstream ends of reaches were set equal to a distance of 20 active channel widths from the head of the reach. Watershed area at the head of each reach was also calculated from the DEM. One of the randomly selected fourth-order reaches had an island that split the stream in two for the entire reach length. Both channels were surveyed and included in the analysis as separate reaches, where appropriate. This was justified because the separate channels had an overall different character, did not rejoin within twenty bank-full widths, were nearly identical in flow, and were separated in places by islands that were elevated above the active floodplain. Mack Creek -122.16826200 -122.14698900 44.22714600 44.20991900 McRae Creek -122.20859020 -122.13943300 44.27311600 44.23328700 Sherri L. Johnson

US Forest Service ;Pacific NW Research Station ;3200 SW Jefferson Way Corvallis OR 97331 USA

541-758-7771 sherri.johnson2@usda.gov sherri.johnson@oregonstate.edu https://www.fs.fed.us/research/people/profile.php?alias=sherrijohnson Principal Investigator Julia A. Jones

Oregon State University;Department of Geosciences; Wilkinson Hall 104 Corvallis OR 97331-5506 USA

(541) 737-1224 Julia.Jones@oregonstate.edu geojulia@comcast.net http://ceoas.oregonstate.edu/profile/jones/ http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9429-8925 Principal Investigator Matthew G Betts

Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society; 201E Richardson Hall; College of Forestry; Oregon State University Corvallis OR 97331

(541) 737-3841 matt.betts@oregonstate.edu http://www.fsl.orst.edu/flel/index.htm Principal Investigator Michael P. Nelson

Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society; 201K Richarson Hall; College of Forestry; Oregon State University Corvallis OR 97331

541-737-9221 mpnelson@oregonstate.edu http://www.michaelpnelson.com http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6917-4752 Principal Investigator David Bell david.bell@usda.gov david.bell@oregonstate.edu https://lemma.forestry.oregonstate.edu/about/david-bell Principal Investigator The H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest is a living laboratory that provides unparalleled opportunities for the study of forest and stream ecosystems in the central Cascade Range of Oregon. Since 1980, as a part of the National Science Foundation Long Term Ecological Research (NSF-LTER) program, the Andrews Experimental Forest has become a leader in the analysis of forest and stream ecosystem dynamics. Long-term field experiments and measurement programs have focused on climate dynamics, streamflow, water quality, and vegetation succession. Currently researchers are working to develop concepts and tools needed to predict effects of natural disturbance, land use, and climate change on ecosystem structure, function, and species composition. The Andrews Experimental Forest is administered cooperatively by the USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, Oregon State University and the Willamette National Forest. Funding for the research program comes from the National Science Foundation (NSF), US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, Oregon State University, and other sources. Data were provided by the HJ Andrews Experimental Forest research program, funded by the National Science Foundation's Long-Term Ecological Research Program (DEB 2025755), US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, and Oregon State University. National Science Foundation: DEB1440409 The Andrews Forest is situated in the western Cascade Range of Oregon, and covers the entire 15,800-acre (6400-ha) drainage basin of Lookout Creek. Elevation ranges from 1350 to 5340 feet (410 to 1630 m). Broadly representative of the rugged mountainous landscape of the Pacific Northwest, the Andrews Forest contains excellent examples of the region's conifer forests and associated wildlife and stream ecosystems. These forests are among the tallest and most productive in the world, with tree heights of often greater than 250 ft (75 m). Streams are steep, cold and clean, providing habitat for numerous aquatic organisms. 1 HF01201 Study reach characteristics: Describes the general study reach characteristics and bounding UTM coordinates. HF01201.csv 1183 1f7fa147155694fd05e92cf313277a85 1 \r\n column , " http://andlter.forestry.oregonstate.edu/ltermeta/ltersearch/dataaccess.aspx?docid=HF01201_v1.csv 2000-06-01 2001-08-31 DBCODE Database Code char(5) HF012 FSDB Database Code HF012 ENTITY Number of the entity in this database numeric(1,0) number 1 whole 1.0000 1.0000 REACH Study reach number char(6) Study reach number UP_UTM_N Upstream utm northing (zone 10) numeric(7,0) meters 1.000000 natural 4895509.0000 4900951.0000 UP_UTM_E Upstream utm easting (zone 10) numeric(7,0) meters 1.000000 natural 559726.0000 570845.0000 LOW_UTM_N Downstream utm northing (zone 10) numeric(7,0) meters 1.000000 natural 4895360.0000 4900854.0000 LOW_UTM_E Downstream utm easting (zone 10) numeric(7,0) meters 1.000000 natural 559498.0000 570824.0000 BASIN_AREA Drainage basin area numeric(5,2) square kilometers 0.010000 real 0.6200 62.3500 GRADIENT Average gradient numeric(5,3) percent 0.001000 real 0.0150 0.2180 SEG_TYPE Valley segment type varchar(20) Alluvial Predominantly alluvial bed material Bedrock Predominantly bedrock bed material Alluvial/bedrock Combination of alluvial and bedrock bed material REACH_TYPE Stream reach type varchar(20) Cascade Predominant reach characteristic Step-pool Predominantly step pool bed configuration Step-pool/Plane bed Combination of alluvial and bedrock bed configurations Bedrock Predominantly bedrock bed configuration PRIMARY HF01201.REACH NOTNULL HF01201.DBCODE HF01201.REACH HF01201.ENTITY 13 2 HF01202 Geomorphic Survey: This dataset documents longitudinal bed and water table profiles, slope unit classification, qualitative geomorphic descriptions, and intermittent channel width information of randomly selecteds reaches in the HJ Andrews Experimental Forest, near Blue River, Oregon. HF01202.csv 92175 0edbbf5d04b412914ac1a35328d1022a 1 \r\n column , " http://andlter.forestry.oregonstate.edu/ltermeta/ltersearch/dataaccess.aspx?docid=HF01202_v1.csv 2000-06-01 2001-08-31 DBCODE Database Code char(5) HF012 FSDB Database Code HF012 ENTITY Number of the entity in this database numeric(1,0) number 1 whole 1.0000 2.0000 DATANUM Integers identifying the data points in the survey numeric(3,0) number 1.000000 natural 1.0000 994.0000 STR_ORDER Stream order of the surveyed reach numeric(1,0) number 1.000000 whole 2.0000 4.0000 REACH Study reach number char(6) Study reach number CHNLTYPE Differentiates between main channel and the different types of side channels char(8) LSC2 A spur side channel from the primary side channel (looking downstream) of the main channel MAIN Indicated the main channel RSC1 The only, or first side channel on the right side (looking downstream) of the main channel RSC2 The second side channel on the right side (looking downstream) of the main channel BLSC An island bar creating a side channel on the left BRSC An island bar creating a side channelon the right ANAST_R Side channel with subsurface flow as a starting or ending point on the right side ANAST_L Side channel with subsurface flow as a starting or ending point on the left side ALCOVE_L An alcove on the left side ALCOVE_R An alcove on the right side STA Distance down the stream or side channel, measured along the main stream axi is numeric(6,2) meters 0.010000 real 0.0000 400.4000 BED_ELEV Elevation of the stream bed numeric(7,3) meters 0.001000 real -0.7000 100.8850 WATER_ELEV Elevation of the water surface numeric(7,3) meters 0.001000 real -0.0350 100.9350 INC_X The horizontal component of the unit numeric(5,3) meters 0.001000 real -2.2000 29.7000 INC_Y The vertical component of the unit numeric(5,3) meters 0.001000 real -0.3900 1.7410 UNIT_SLOPE The calculated slope of the unit (inc_z / inc_x) numeric(4,2) number 0.010000 real -0.2100 2.0700 UNIT Identifies the type of unit at the given location char(9) FLAT A flat water unit (slope < 0.025) STEEP A steep water unit (0.025 > slope < 0.13) STEP A step unit (slope > 0.13) CAUSE Perceived cause of the slope unit char(9) BOULDER Boulder seemed to cause the unit type SM_BOULD Small boulder seemed to cause the unit type LOG Log seemed to cause the unit type BED Bedrock seemed to cause the unit type WOOD Woody debris seemed to cause the unit type UNIT_DESC A qualitative description of the slope unit char(9) RIFFLE A channel unit characterized by moderate gradient (slope < 4%), and swift, but relatively shallow water flowing over substrates of mixed size that are often only partially-submerged. Flow is moderately turbulent and HGR A riffle that is relatively steep (slope 4% - 7%), often with large cobbles or boulders present in clusters, but not organized into steps or ribs. PLUNGE A pool formed below a step by spilling, or plunging water. DAM Pool caused by a dam, blockage, or other feature raising downstream water surface. SCOUR A pool formed by the deflection of current (by an outcroppings, boulders, or wood), causing a scoured depression. Often associated with a well-defined re-circulating eddy. POOL A channel unit with a low or very low gradient, areas of slow tranquil flow, a well-defined depression in the bed, and relatively shallow water at the downstream end. RAPID A channel unit characterized by, swift, very turbulent water, often flowing over and around large boulders. CASC A channel unit with a very high-gradient, characterized by white water tumbling over bedrock or boulders. Boulders generally not organized into channel spanning steps. FALL Small (<2m), but distinct, channel-spanning waterfalls caused by cobbles, boulders, bedrock or wood oriented perpendicular to the channel axis. TRENCH An elongated pool in a narrow section of stream; often associated with bedrock outcroppings. RUN A channel unit that is pool-like, except that velocity is greater, shallow water at the downstream end is lacking, and flow is noticeably concentrated toward the center or thalweg. GLIDE A channel unit that is run-like, except that flow is not noticeably concentrated toward the center or thalweg. FEATURE Describes features of the unit or point on the survey at that given point. char(9) CONF Confluence of a side channel or other type of channel DIVR Side channel divergence DEEP Indicates the deepest part of a pool feature GRAVEL Indicateds predominantly gravel bed material BOULDER Indicateds a boulder as the predominant bed feature SM_BOULD Indicateds small boulders as the predominant bed feature BOULD_MIX Indicates various sized boulders as the predominant bed feature COBBLE Indicates cobbles as the predominant bed feature COB_GRAV Indicates cobbles and gravels as the predominant bed feature BEDROCK Indicates bedrock as the predominant bed feature LOG Indicates a log as the feature or as the predominant bed feature C_WOOD Feature is composed of coarse wood FIWD Feature is composed of fine woody debris SMWD Feature is composed of small woody debris LOG_JAM Feature is a log jam BR_CHUTE The bed feature is predominantly locally constrained bedrock R_INFLOW Confluence, tributary, or springs inflow from right L_INFLOW Confluence, tributary, or springs inflow from left CONF_W Indicates the confined width of the stream channel at the given distance dow wnstream numeric(4,2) meters 0.100000 real 2.0000 33.5000 BNKF_W Indicates the bank full width of the stream channel at the given distance do ownstream numeric(4,2) meters 0.100000 real 1.3000 23.7000 WETD_W Indicates the wetted width of the stream channel at the given distance downs stream numeric(4,2) meters 0.100000 real 0.2000 20.9000 PRIMARY HF01202.DATANUM NOTNULL HF01202.DBCODE HF01202.REACH HF01202.DATANUM HF01202.ENTITY HF01202.STR_ORDER 994 square kilometers percent; a number dimensionless number, i.e., ratio, count meter; SI unit of length