uid=AND,o=lter,dc=ecoinformatics,dc=org all public read HS005 Robert P. Griffiths

Oregon State University;Dept. of Forest Science;321 Richardson Hall Corvallis OR 97331-5752 USA

(541) 737-6559 bbgriff@peak.org griff@for.orst.edu Heather L. Bonin Robert P. Griffiths

Oregon State University;Dept. of Forest Science;321 Richardson Hall Corvallis OR 97331-5752 USA

(541) 737-6559 bbgriff@peak.org griff@for.orst.edu Principal Investigator Bruce A. Caldwell

Oregon State University;Dept. of Forest Science;321 Richardson Hall Corvallis OR 97331-5752 USA

(541) 737-3674 bruce.caldwell@oregonstate.edu Other Researcher Heather L. Bonin Abstractor Robert P. Griffiths

Oregon State University;Dept. of Forest Science;321 Richardson Hall Corvallis OR 97331-5752 USA

(541) 737-6559 bbgriff@peak.org griff@for.orst.edu Creator Heather L. Bonin Creator 2013-09-26 Numerous studies have examined qualitative shifts in leaf litter composition in the early to middle stages of decomposition. (Suberkropp, Godshalk and Klug 1976, Petersen and Cummins 1974, Findlay and Arsuffi 1989) which have shown that changes in leaf species and composition lead to marked differences in microbial processing rates (Suberkropp and Klug 1976) and that leaf and woody debris decomposition rates are related to both litter C:N and extracellular enzyme activities (Taylor et al. 1989, Sinsabaugh et al. 1992, Sinsabaugh and Linkins 1993). Since most organic matter moves through streams as fine particulate organic matter (FPOM) (Sinsabaugh et al. 1992) it is a potentially important link between terrestrial and aquatic environments. Although there is increasing interest in understanding FPOM dynamics, there have been few studies of factors influencing stream sediment FBOM chemical or microbial characteristics. communities stream ecology timber harvest organic matter forest ecosystems aquatic ecosystems streams microbes LTER controlled vocabulary organic matter LTER core research areas Hargrave, B.T. (1972) Aerobic decomposition of sediment and detritus as a function of particle surface area and organic content. Limnol. Oceanogr. 17, 583-596. Keeney, D.R. (1982) Nitrogen-Availability indices. In: Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2. Chemical and Microbiological Properties. 2nd Edition. Agronomy no. 9 (Ed. A.L. Page). American Society of Agronomy, Soil Science Society of America, Madison, pp. 711-733. Martin, K., Parsons, L.L., Murray, R.E. and Smith, M.S. (1988) Dynamics of soil denitrifier populations: Relationships between enzyme activity, most-probable-number counts, and actual N gas loss. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 54, 2711-2716. Petersen, R.C., and K.W. Cummins. 1974. Leaf processing in a woodland stream. Freshwater Biology 4: 343-368. Sinsabaugh, R.L., and A.E. Linkins. 1990. Enzymic and chemical analysis of particulate organic matter from a boreal river. Freshwater Biology 23: 301-309. Sinsabaugh, R.L., and A.E. Linkins. 1993. Statistical modelling of litter decomposition from integrated cellulase activity. Ecology 74: 1594-1597 check p. # Sinsabaugh, R.L, T.Weiland, and A.E. Linkins. 1992. Enzymic and molecular analysis of microbial communities associated with lotic particulate organic matter. Freshwater Biology 28:393-404. Suberkropp, K. and M.J. Klug. 1976. Fungi and bacteria associated with leaves during processing in a woodland stream. Ecology 57:707-719. Suberkropp, K., G.L. Godshalk, and M.K. Klug. 1976. Changes in the chemical composition of leaves during processing in a woodland stream. Ecology 57: 720-727. Superkropp, K. and M.J. Klug. 1980. Maceration of deciduous leaf litter by aquatic hyphomycetes. Canadian Journal of Botany 58: 1025-1031. Tabatabai, M.A. and Bremner, J.A. (1969) Use of p-nitrophenyl phosphate for assay of soil phosphatase activity. Soil Biol. Biochem. 1, 301-307. Taylor, B.R., D. Parkinson, and W.F.J. Parsons. 1989. Nitrogen and lignin content as predictors of litter decay rates: a microcosm test. Ecology 70: 97-104. Ward, G.M. 1984. Size distribution and lignin content of fine particulate organic matter (FPOM) from microbially processed leaves in an artificial stream. Verhandlungen der Internationalen Vereinigung für Theoretische und Angewandte Limnologie 22: 1893-1898. Ward, G. M. 1986. Lignin and cellulose content of benthic fine particulate organic matter (FBOM) in Oregon Cascade Mountain Streams. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 5:127-139. Ward, G. M., A.K. Ward, C.N. Dahm and N.G. Aumen. 1994. The origins, and interactions, of particulate and dissolved matter. Pages 45-74 in Roger S. Wotton, editor. The Biology of Particles in Aquatic Systems. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA. Weaver, R.W. and Danso, S.K.A. (1994) Dinitrogen fixation. In: Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2. Microbiological and Biochemical Properties. 3rd Edition. Soil Science Society of America Book Series no. 5. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, pp. 1019-1045. Zou, X., Binkley, D. and Doxtader, K.G. (1992) A new method for estimating gross phosphorus mineralization and immobilization rates in soils. Plant Soil 147, 243-250. Related PublicationsBonin, Heather L.; Griffiths, Robert P.; Caldwell, Bruce A. 1999. Effects of storage on measurements of potential microbial activities in stream fine benthic organic matter. Journal of Microbiological Methods. 38: 91-99.Bonin, Heather. 1997. Fine benthic matter (FBOM) dynamics in low-order mountain streams: (1) methods evaluation and (2) the effects of stand age, season, and elevation on FBOM nutrient availability and microbiological characteristics. Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University. 78 p. M.S. thesis.Bonin, H. L.; Griffiths, R. P.; Caldwell, B. A. 2000. Nutrient and microbiological characteristics of fine benthic organic matter in mountain streams. Journal of North American Benthological Society. 19(2): 235-249.Bonin, H. L.; Griffiths, R. P.; Caldwell, B. A. 2003. Nutrient and microbiological characteristics of fine benthic organic matter in sediment settling ponds. Freshwater Biology. 48: 1117-1126. Data Use Agreement: The re-use of scientific data has the potential to greatly increase communication, collaboration and synthesis within and among disciplines, and thus is fostered, supported and encouraged. This Data Set is released under the Creative Commons license CC BY "Attribution" (see: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Creative Commons license CC BY - Attribution is a license that allows others to distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon your work (even commercially), as long as you are credited for the original creation. This license accommodates maximum dissemination and use of licensed materials. It is considered professional conduct and an ethical obligation to acknowledge the work of other scientists. The Data User is asked to provide attribution of the original work if this data package is shared in whole or by individual parts or used in the derivation of other products. A recommended citation is provided for each Data Set in the Andrews LTER data catalog (see: http://andlter.forestry.oregonstate.edu/data/catalog/datacatalog.aspx). A generic citation is also provided for this Data Set on the website https://portal.edirepository.org in the summary metadata page. Data Users are thus strongly encouraged to consider consultation, collaboration and/or co-authorship with the Data Set Creator. While substantial efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of data and associated documentation, complete accuracy of data sets cannot be guaranteed and all data are made available "as is." The Data User should be aware, however, that data are updated periodically and it is the responsibility of the Data User to check for new versions of the data. The data authors and the repository where these data were obtained shall not be liable for damages resulting from any use or misinterpretation of the data. General acknowledgement: Data were provided by the HJ Andrews Experimental Forest research program, funded by the National Science Foundation's Long-Term Ecological Research Program (DEB 2025755), US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, and Oregon State University. http://andlter.forestry.oregonstate.edu/data/abstract.aspx?dbcode=HS005 H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest -122.26172200 -122.10084700 44.28196400 44.19770400 1995-08-09 1996-05-12 The purpose of this study was to examine the fundamental relationship between FBOM nutrient availability, or substrate quality, and microdecomposer activity and to investigate the link between organic matter inputs and FBOM substrate quality. To this end, we compared the qualitative characteristics of FBOM from streams flowing through stands with riparian zones dominated by coniferous, deciduous (red alder) or herbaceous vegetation at two elevations for one year.

An update history is logged and maintained with each new version of every dataset.

notPlanned Original metadata creation Version1 1999-04-08 Moved database to SQL server Version2 2005-04-18 Converted freetext attributes to true type. Could not assign place keywords as sampled streams were never identified. Version7 2013-09-26 Information Manager

Andrews Forest LTER Program US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station 3200 SW Jefferson Way Corvallis OR 97331

hjaweb@fsl.orst.edu http://andrewsforest.oregonstate.edu/ Robert P. Griffiths

Oregon State University;Dept. of Forest Science;321 Richardson Hall Corvallis OR 97331-5752 USA

(541) 737-6559 bbgriff@peak.org griff@for.orst.edu Andrews Forest LTER Site

Forest Ecosystems and Society Department in Forestry Oregon State University 201K Richardson Hall Corvallis OR 97331-5752

(541) 737-8480 lterweb@fsl.orst.edu http://andrewsforest.oregonstate.edu/ Field Methods - HS005 Sample collection, preparation, and storage: FBOM was collected from stream beds with a hand vacuum pump into a 2 L collecting jar. The intake line was fitted with a 1 mm stainless steel screen, allowing benthic material to be wet-sieved during sampling. Samples were transferred to polystyrene jars (500 ml) and stored during field sampling in an insulated chest with stream water and ice. In the laboratory, a slurry was prepared by decanting excess stream water from the jars and mixing, keeping FBOM suspended while subsampling. Subsamples were dispensed using 1, 3, or 5 ml plastic syringes with enlarged openings. All laboratory analyses involving slurry began immediately upon return from FBOM collection which took 8-12 hours. Laboratory Methods - HS005 Because of significant perturbation (e.g., suction, sieving, mixing, and preparing slurries) of FBOM during sampling and subsampling, we performed laboratory analyses described in the following sections to measure potential activity rates. These rates do not reflect in-stream FBOM activity rates, but rather give us a relative sense of the variability of rates among treatments and over time. Denitrification potential rates Denitrification potential was determined as N2O emission by anaerobically incubating FBOM supplemented with glucose and NaNO3 (Martin et al., 1988). Duplicate 5-ml slurry samples in 25-ml Erlenmeyer flasks were capped with rubber stoppers and purged for 3 min with argon at a rate of at least 120 cc /min. In the middle of the purge, the flasks were shaken gently to ensure removal of air bubbles. The flasks were allowed to incubate for 1 h at 24 degrees C, and then 2 ml of sterile solution of 1 mM glucose and 1 mM NaNO3 were injected through the stopper, and 2 ml of headspace gas were withdrawn with the syringe. Flasks were allowed to incubate for another hour at 24 degrees C. At zero and 2 h time, 0.5 ml of headspace gas was removed from the flasks and assayed for N2O in a gas chromatograph equipped with an electron capture detector. All gas chromatographs had stainless steel columns packed with Poropak-Q, either 50/80 or 80/100 mesh (Water Associates, Inc., Medford, MA). Respiration rates To determine respiration rates, duplicate 5-ml subsamples were placed in 25-ml Erlenmeyer flasks, and then capped with rubber stoppers. After incubating for 1 h at 24 degrees C, 0.5 ml of headspace gas was analyzed for CO2 in a gas chromatograph fitted with a thermal conductivity conductor. After incubating for an additional 2 h under the same conditions, a second headspace gas sample (0.5 ml) was collected and analyzed. Acetylene reduction rates Putative acetylene reduction rates were determined by the acetylene reduction method (Weaver and Danso, 1994). Samples were prepared in the same way as for denitrification potential, except that the headspace gas contained 1.5% O2, 12.5% acetylene, and 86% argon. After 24 h of incubation, 0.5 ml of headspace gas was removed and analyzed for ethylene in a gas chromatograph fitted with a flame ionization detector. A control was analyzed for ethylene production in the absence of acetylene. Mineralizable nitrogen and extractable ammonium concentrations For mineralizable nitrogen measurements, the microbial conversion of organic N to inorganic N in the form of NH4-N was measured by the "anaerobic" incubation method (Koeney, 1982). Duplicate 10-ml sediment subsamples were added to 50-ml screw-topped test tubes, which then were completely filled with deionized water (53 ml), capped, and incubated at 40 degrees C for 7 d. After incubation, subsamples were transferred to 25-ml Erlenmeyer flasks, and 53 ml of 4 M KCl and 0.4 ml of 10 M NaOH were added to each. The flasks were shaken for 1 h, and then analyzed with a selective ion electrode (Corning ammonium electrode, Medford, MA). Extractable ammonium concentrations were measured by adding 50 ml of 2 M KCl to duplicate 10-ml subsamples in 250-ml Erlenmeyer flasks. The flasks were capped, shaken while incubating for 1 h in the presence of 0.4 ml 10 M NaOH, and analyzed with a selective ion electrode to determine KCl-extractable ammonium concentration. Net mineralization was calculated as mineralizable N ( extractable ammonium to account for ammonium present prior to incubation. Enzyme activities Phosphatase activity was determined according to the spectrophotometric assay of Tabatabai and Bremner (1969) as modified by Zou et al. (1992) One ml of 50 mM p-nitrophenyl phosphate substrate was added to duplicate 1-ml subsamples containing suspended FBOM. The tubes were shaken and then placed, along with duplicate controls with no phosphatase substrate addition, in a 30 degrees C water bath for 1 h. After incubation, 1 ml of 50 mM Sigma 104 phosphatase substrate was added to the controls; reactions were stopped immediately with the addition of 2 ml 0.5 M NaOH and 0.5 ml 0.5 M CaCl2. The assay mixtures were centrifuged for 5 min at 500 x g. A 0.2-ml subsample of the supernatant was diluted with 1.8 ml deionized water, and the optical density was measured at 410 nm. A standard curve was prepared from 0.02 to 1.00 ?mol ml-1 p-nitrophenol. Enzyme activity was expressed as ?mol p-nitrophenol released gdw-1 h-1. The B-glucosidase activity assay required the same general procedure as was used for phosphatase activity, except that the substrate was 1 ml 10 mM p-nitrophenyl ?-D glucopyranoside, the incubation period was 2 h, and 2 ml 0.1 M tris[hydroxymethyl]aminomethane at pH 12.0, instead of 0.5 M NaOH, were added to terminate the reaction. Total carbon and nitrogen Total C and N were determined by dry combustion with a Carlo-Erba NA 1500 Series II high-temperature combustion furnace on oven-dried subsamples ground to pass through a 250-mm sieve. FBOM samples were collected from 14 first-order streams flowing through forest in three successional age classes: three Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) stands approximately 10 years old (10YS), five 30 year old Douglas-fir stands (30YS) and six old-growth forest (OG) dominated by Douglas-fir and western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) in the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest, in the Western Cascade Mountains of Oregon. Riparian vegetation of the 8 young stands was dominated by herbaceous plants (10YS) or deciduous trees (30YS), primarily alder (Alnus rubra) and maple (Acer macrophyllum, A. circinatum). No riparian vegetation buffers were left on harvested stands and all stands had been replanted with Douglas-fir seedlings. Streams at high (1220-1280 m) and low elevations (580-800 m) were selected. An effort was made to keep similar stand age x elevation plots on the same slope and aspect. FBOM was also collected at the settling basins at the bottom of HJA Water Sheds 1, 2, 3, 9 and 10. Sampling frequency: seasonal Streams were sampled for FBOM on 8 occasions: August 9, October 14, October 28, November 4, November 18 and December 9, 1995, and April 6 and May 12, 1996. As a way of integrating FBOM characteristics from small watersheds over larger spatial scales and longer time periods, sediments were also collected from the settling basins of 5 HJA experimental small watersheds. Andrews Experimental Forest (HJA) -122.26172200 -122.10084700 44.28196400 44.19770400 1631 1631 meter Sherri L. Johnson

US Forest Service ;Pacific NW Research Station ;3200 SW Jefferson Way Corvallis OR 97331 USA

541-758-7771 sherri.johnson2@usda.gov sherri.johnson@oregonstate.edu https://www.fs.fed.us/research/people/profile.php?alias=sherrijohnson Principal Investigator Julia A. Jones

Oregon State University;Department of Geosciences; Wilkinson Hall 104 Corvallis OR 97331-5506 USA

(541) 737-1224 Julia.Jones@oregonstate.edu geojulia@comcast.net http://ceoas.oregonstate.edu/profile/jones/ http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9429-8925 Principal Investigator Matthew G Betts

Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society; 201E Richardson Hall; College of Forestry; Oregon State University Corvallis OR 97331

(541) 737-3841 matt.betts@oregonstate.edu http://www.fsl.orst.edu/flel/index.htm Principal Investigator Michael P. Nelson

Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society; 201K Richarson Hall; College of Forestry; Oregon State University Corvallis OR 97331

541-737-9221 mpnelson@oregonstate.edu http://www.michaelpnelson.com http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6917-4752 Principal Investigator David Bell david.bell@usda.gov david.bell@oregonstate.edu https://lemma.forestry.oregonstate.edu/about/david-bell Principal Investigator The H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest is a living laboratory that provides unparalleled opportunities for the study of forest and stream ecosystems in the central Cascade Range of Oregon. Since 1980, as a part of the National Science Foundation Long Term Ecological Research (NSF-LTER) program, the Andrews Experimental Forest has become a leader in the analysis of forest and stream ecosystem dynamics. Long-term field experiments and measurement programs have focused on climate dynamics, streamflow, water quality, and vegetation succession. Currently researchers are working to develop concepts and tools needed to predict effects of natural disturbance, land use, and climate change on ecosystem structure, function, and species composition. The Andrews Experimental Forest is administered cooperatively by the USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, Oregon State University and the Willamette National Forest. Funding for the research program comes from the National Science Foundation (NSF), US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, Oregon State University, and other sources. Data were provided by the HJ Andrews Experimental Forest research program, funded by the National Science Foundation's Long-Term Ecological Research Program (DEB 2025755), US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, and Oregon State University. National Science Foundation: DEB1440409 The Andrews Forest is situated in the western Cascade Range of Oregon, and covers the entire 15,800-acre (6400-ha) drainage basin of Lookout Creek. Elevation ranges from 1350 to 5340 feet (410 to 1630 m). Broadly representative of the rugged mountainous landscape of the Pacific Northwest, the Andrews Forest contains excellent examples of the region's conifer forests and associated wildlife and stream ecosystems. These forests are among the tallest and most productive in the world, with tree heights of often greater than 250 ft (75 m). Streams are steep, cold and clean, providing habitat for numerous aquatic organisms. 1 HS00501 Nutrient and microbial data: HS00501.csv 9290 c7d5316d0dd58453994a697f057401dc 1 \r\n column , " http://andlter.forestry.oregonstate.edu/ltermeta/ltersearch/dataaccess.aspx?docid=HS00501_v2.csv 1995-08-09 1996-05-12 DBCODE FSDB database code char(5) HS005 FSDB database code HS005 ENTITY Entity number numeric(2,0) number 1 natural 1.0000 1.0000 REFNAME Single letter designators for samples from undefined 1st order streams or watershed code for sediments from settling basins in watersheds in HJ Andrews Experimental Forest char(4) Single letter designators for samples from undefined 1st order streams or watershed code for sediments from settling basins in watersheds in HJ Andrews Experimental Forest SAMPLEDATE Date samples collected datetime YYYY-MM-DD 8/9/1995 12:00:00 AM 5/12/1996 12:00:00 AM TREAT Stand age char(2) 1 10-year stand 2 30-year stand 0 Old growth ELEV Elevation char(1) 1 High 0 Low ASPEC Aspect char(1) 0 South 1 North RESPS CO2 respired per gram dry wt. sediment-hr numeric(6,2) micrograms per gram per hour 0.010000 real 1.9800 213.4200 DENPOT Denitrification potential per gram dry wt. numeric(6,2) micrograms per gram per hour 0.010000 real 0.0000 180.7000 EXTR_AMM Concentration of ammonium extracted with 2m KCl numeric(6,2) micrograms per gram per day 0.010000 real 0.0000 54.5200 MIN_N Concentration ammonium after incubation at 40 deg c for 7 days numeric(5,0) micrograms per gram per day 1.000000 real 0.0000 562.0000 N2FS Acetylene reduction as an indication of nitrogen fixation numeric(6,1) micromoles per gram per hour 0.100000 real 0.0000 7345.2002 CARBOS Labile polysaccharides in mg glucose equivalents numeric(5,0) micrograms per gram per hour 1.000000 real 50.0000 773.0000 ORGANICP Organic phosphorus numeric(6,3) micrograms per gram per day 0.001000 real -0.0100 3.4800 C_N_RATIO Total carbon to total nitrogen ratio numeric(2,0) number 1.000000 real 11.0000 33.0000 BETAG Beta-glucosidase activity measured as p nitrophenol numeric(6,2) micromoles per gram per hour 0.010000 real 3.3600 396.1500 PHOS Phosphatase activity measured as p nitrophenol numeric(6,1) micromoles per gram per hour 0.100000 real 19.9000 490.7000 PRIMARY HS00501.SAMPLEDATE HS00501.REFNAME NOTNULL HS00501.SAMPLEDATE HS00501.REFNAME HS00501.DBCODE HS00501.BETAG HS00501.C_N_RATIO HS00501.DENPOT HS00501.EXTR_AMM HS00501.RESPS HS00501.ENTITY 120 micrograms per gram per day micromoles per g per hour micrograms per gram per hour dimensionless number, i.e., ratio, count