uid=AND,o=lter,dc=ecoinformatics,dc=org all public read SA011 Bruce P. McCune

Oregon State University;Dept. of Botany & Plant Pathology;4575 SW Research Way; Research Way Lab Building; Corvallis OR 97333 USA

(541) 737-1741 mccuneb@oregonstate.edu https://bmccune.weebly.com/ Peter N. Neitlich Bruce P. McCune

Oregon State University;Dept. of Botany & Plant Pathology;4575 SW Research Way; Research Way Lab Building; Corvallis OR 97333 USA

(541) 737-1741 mccuneb@oregonstate.edu https://bmccune.weebly.com/ Principal Investigator Dale R. McCullough Other Researcher Bruce P. McCune

Oregon State University;Dept. of Botany & Plant Pathology;4575 SW Research Way; Research Way Lab Building; Corvallis OR 97333 USA

(541) 737-1741 mccuneb@oregonstate.edu https://bmccune.weebly.com/ Creator Peter N. Neitlich Creator 2013-12-27 The diversity of epiphytic lichens in old growth forests has stimulated considerable research (e.g., Howe 1978, Pike et al. 1975; Hoffman and Kazmierski 1969). We possess few data on the lichen communities of younger stands or the manner in which they develop as the forest ages. As our society grapples with the consequences of habitat loss and pressure on existing natural populations, such data are acutely needed (FEMAT 1993). This paper seeks to describe the relationship between forest age and the abundance and diversity of lichens in one region, and in doing so, to invite more rigorous assessment of the conservation needs of lichens with respect to forest management. Moveover, that documenting these patterns will facilitate research into age- related processes directly influencing lichen abundance and diversity. populations biology conservation ecology trophic structure arthropods lichens LTER controlled vocabulary Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) forest management Andrews Experimental Forest site thesaurus populations LTER core research areas This data is published in: Lichen Abundance and Biodiversity Along a Chronosequence from Young Managed Stands to Ancient Forest by Peter Neitlich Master of Science thesis, Department of Botany, Univ of Vermont, December 3,1993 A total of 59 epiphytic lichen species were found in the four age classes. The maximum species richness (52 species, 90%) occurred in old-growth (510 year-old age class) while the minimum (34 species, 58%) occurred in the 70 year-old age class. Old growth displayed 60% greater mean species richness per stand than 70 or 40 year-old stands. Related PublicationsNeitlich, Peter N. 1993. Lichen abundance and biodiversity along a chronosequence from young managed stands to ancient forest. Burlington, VT: University of Vermont. 90 p. M.S. thesis. Data Use Agreement: The re-use of scientific data has the potential to greatly increase communication, collaboration and synthesis within and among disciplines, and thus is fostered, supported and encouraged. This Data Set is released under the Creative Commons license CC BY "Attribution" (see: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Creative Commons license CC BY - Attribution is a license that allows others to distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon your work (even commercially), as long as you are credited for the original creation. This license accommodates maximum dissemination and use of licensed materials. It is considered professional conduct and an ethical obligation to acknowledge the work of other scientists. The Data User is asked to provide attribution of the original work if this data package is shared in whole or by individual parts or used in the derivation of other products. A recommended citation is provided for each Data Set in the Andrews LTER data catalog (see: http://andlter.forestry.oregonstate.edu/data/catalog/datacatalog.aspx). A generic citation is also provided for this Data Set on the website https://portal.edirepository.org in the summary metadata page. Data Users are thus strongly encouraged to consider consultation, collaboration and/or co-authorship with the Data Set Creator. While substantial efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of data and associated documentation, complete accuracy of data sets cannot be guaranteed and all data are made available "as is." The Data User should be aware, however, that data are updated periodically and it is the responsibility of the Data User to check for new versions of the data. The data authors and the repository where these data were obtained shall not be liable for damages resulting from any use or misinterpretation of the data. General acknowledgement: Data were provided by the HJ Andrews Experimental Forest research program, funded by the National Science Foundation's Long-Term Ecological Research Program (DEB 2025755), US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, and Oregon State University. http://andlter.forestry.oregonstate.edu/data/abstract.aspx?dbcode=SA011 Study stands are in and around the H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest and Hagan Block Research Natural Area. -122.26172200 -122.10084700 44.28196400 44.19770400 412 1631 meter 1993-01-01 1993-01-01 All Organisms All Organisms Highest common category (ca. kingdom) Lichen Genus Usnea Genus Sphaerophorus Species Sphaerophorus globosus Genus Platismatia Species Platismatia stenophylla Species Platismatia glauca Species Platismatia herrei Genus Omphalina Genus Nephroma Species Nephroma parile Species Nephroma laevigatum Species Nephroma bellum Species Nephroma helveticum Species Nephroma occultum Species Nephroma resupinatum Genus Hypotrachyna Species Hypotrachyna sinuosa Genus Hypogymnia Species Hypogymnia physodes Species Hypogymnia occidentalis Species Hypogymnia inactiva Species Hypogymnia enteromorpha Species Hypogymnia apinnata Species Hypogymnia austerodes Species Hypogymnia imshaugii Species Hypogymnia metaphysodes Species Hypogymnia oceanica Species Hypogymnia tubulosa Genus Cavernularia Species Cavernularia hultenii Genus Bryoria Species Bryoria pikeii Species Bryoria fuscescens Species Bryoria capillaris Species Bryoria friabilis Species Bryoria oregana Species Bryoria pseudofuscescens Genus Alectoria Species Alectoria sarmentosa Species Alectoria vancouverensis Genus Cetraria Species Cetraria platyphylla Species Cetraria orbata Species Cetraria chlorophylla Species Cetraria canadensis Species Cetraria idahoensis Species Cetraria pallidula Genus Cladonia Species Cladonia squamosa Species Cladonia coniocraea Genus Evernia Species Evernia prunastri Genus Lobaria Species Lobaria pulmonaria Species Lobaria oregana Species Lobaria scrobiculata Genus Parmeliopsis Species Parmeliopsis hyperopta Genus Pseudocyphellaria Species Pseudocyphellaria rainierensis Species Pseudocyphellaria anthraspis Species Pseudocyphellaria anomala Species Pseudocyphellaria crocata Genus Ramalina Species Ramalina farinacea Genus Sticta Species Sticta fuliginosa Species Sticta beauvoisii Species Sticta limbata Highest common category (ca. kingdom) Fungi Division or Phylum Ascomycota Class Lecanoromycetes Order Lecanorales Family Parmeliaceae Genus Parmelia Species Parmelia sulcata Species Parmelia saxatilis Species Parmelia pseudosulcata Species Parmelia squarrosa

An update history is logged and maintained with each new version of every dataset.

notPlanned Original metadata creation. Version1 1995-10-20 Metadata restructured and moved into SQLServer metadata database LTERMETA. Data moved into SQLServer database FSDBDATA. Version2 2001-07-04 Database title changed to reflect study rather than a species list. Epiphytic macrolichen species lists now references SA021. Reformatted dataset from freetext to taxa and enum, where appropriate. Version4 2007-10-23 Information Manager

Andrews Forest LTER Program US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station 3200 SW Jefferson Way Corvallis OR 97331

hjaweb@fsl.orst.edu http://andrewsforest.oregonstate.edu/ Donald L. Henshaw

Pacific Northwest Research Station; Corvallis Forestry Sciences Lab; 3200 SW Jefferson Way Corvallis Oregon 97331

hja_admin@fsl.orst.edu http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5952-4528 Andrews Forest LTER Site

Forest Ecosystems and Society Department in Forestry Oregon State University 201K Richardson Hall Corvallis OR 97331-5752

(541) 737-8480 lterweb@fsl.orst.edu http://andrewsforest.oregonstate.edu/ <para>Field Methods - SA011</para><para><emphasis>Biomass</emphasis></para> <para>Ten 2 m radius circular plots were chosen at random within each site. All lichen litterfall within each plot was gathered according to the protocol of McCune (1993a): Lichens were cleaned of debris, and sorted into bags according to three functional groups-- "cyanolichens","Alectoriod" lichens, and "other" lichens. "Cyanolichens" were defined as those macrolichens employing cyanobacteria as primary or secondary photobionts (mainly Lobaria, Nephroma, Pseudocyphellaria, Sticta, and Peltigera in the western Cascades.) "Alectoriod" lichens were defined as pendulous or tufted fruticose lichens in the genera Alectoria, Bryoria, and Usnea. "Other" lichens included all remaining lichens. </para> <para>Lichenologists have been traditionally limited in their ability to undertake large scale ecological studies by the time required to rig and sample individual trees. In attempting to design a method to quantify standing lichen biomass without having to climb (and pillage the epophytes of) hundreds of trees, McCune (1993a) studied the relationship between lichen litterfall and standing crop. His litterfall pickup methodology was designed to capture the steady rain of lichens falling freely from the canopy or attached to small branches. He reports that the correlation between litterfall and standing biomass was highest (r<superscript>2</superscript>=0.87) when he discounted decomposing lichens and large, anomalous clusters of lichens attached to large limbs. As the latter occur only rarely in litterfall plots, he reasoned, collecting such clusters would have generated unnecessary statistical noise. </para> <para>Employing McMune's guidelines, lichens were left uncollected if:</para> <para><orderedlist> <listitem><para>they were attached to woody debris with a basal diameter greaterrr than 10 cm. </para></listitem> <listitem><para>they were incorporated into the forest floor by fungal hyphae or were mostly buried in decomposing litter. </para></listitem> <listitem><para>they were suspended in the understory higher than 2 m </para></listitem> <listitem><para>they had re-established and taken up new residence </para></listitem> <listitem><para>they normally grew terrestrially, e.g., Peltigera spp., and Cladonia spp., and represented direct, rather than litterfall, biomass samples.</para></listitem> </orderedlist></para> <para> <emphasis>Species capture </emphasis></para> <para>Direct observation of the canopy by climbing suggested that biomass sampling plots detected the lichen species that constituted the vast majority of lichen biomass in the forest, but did not adequately detect rare lichens. In characterizing the species composition of stands for forest health/air quality monitoring, McCune and Dey (1992) found that most lichen species in a stand may be found within a 36.56 m (120 ft) radius sample plot (0.42 ha). Adapting this methodology, lichen species not already encountered in the biomass sample plots were collected from within a circle of 11.56 m radius around plot center. The ten combined species plots were equal in area to one 36.56 m circle. </para> <para>Species collection were limited to epiphytic macrolichens. Terrestrial lichens, though important in the ecosystem, were avoided for two reasons. First, McCune's litterfall ratio did not adequately quantify their biomass or their biomass importance relative to other lichens; and second, neither litterfall plots nor species capture plots adequately sampled them, as they often grow on patchily distributed mineral soil, rocks, or coarse woody debris. Crustose lichens were avoided for the same reasons. Epiphytic macrolichens were defined as those growing higher than 2 m above the ground in order to exclude species found equally on tree bases and coarse woody debris or soil (e.g., Cladonia spp. and Peltigera spp.)</para> <para> <emphasis>Lab Analysis </emphasis></para> <para>Lichens were oven dried at 60°C for 24 hr according to the methodology of McCune (1993a). Functional group bags from each plot were then weighed to the nearest 0.01 g. Species biomass was assessed visually as a percent of the functional group biomass in each bag. Lichens were identified to the most specific taxonomic level possible using Goward et al. (1992), Brodo and Hawksworth (1977), Hale (1979) and herbarium specimens at Oregon State University (OSC). Nomenclature follows Egan (1987). </para> <para>Identifications were verified by Dr. Bruce McCune.</para> Sampling frequency: once only Lichens were studied in forested stands originating after stand-replacing fires 510, 140, 70 years ago (Teensma 1987) or after clearcuts 40 years ago. Howe (1978) found that northern aspects in old growth reference stands at the H.J.Andrews had greater lichen biomass than southern exposures, and that cyanolichen abundance was greatly limited beyond 150 m vertical distance above streams. In this study I sought to observe how the lichens of different forest age classes compared under optimal conditions and, therefore, chose northern aspects within riparian environments. I hypothesized that suboptimal conditions might mask differences in abundance and biomass among the younger age classes. To focus primary attention on differences among age classes, I tried to maintain as many other environmental variables as possible constant. Three study stands were chosen to represent each age class. Stands were chosen according to the following criteria: Elevations ranged from 610 m to 915 m above sea level (2000 to 3000 ft). Stands were chosen to avoid elevational overlap such that each site covered about one-third of the 305 m. Site aspect ranged from N (0') to NW (315'). The highest site in each age class was, because of sharp local topography, higher than 150 m vertical distance above the closest stream. The lower two sites were placed within 150m vertical distance above a stream. (Because of a shortage of 140 year old sites that met these criteria, all three of the sites in this age class fell within 150 vertical m of a stream.) Stands were located in or as close as possible to the H.J.Andrews Experimental Forest (Fig. 1, Table 2). Stands presumably resulted from catastrophic disturbance which left no remnant vegetation from an older period (Teensma 1987). Stands which had sub-catastrophic disturbances after the initial year of establishment were avoided. Chen and Franklin (1992) found that edge influence on such biological variables as canopy cover, tree density and seedling regeneration extended up to 80 m into old growth Douglas-fir forests. Edge effects for most variables extended only 60 m -- approximately one old growth tree length. Using these criteria, I chose stands which had a minimum of two hectares located 120 m (two tree lengths) or more from other age classes or remnant trees. Eleven of the twelve stands had between 15 and several thousand hectares greater than 120 m from other age classes or remnant trees. Andrews Experimental Forest (HJA) -122.26172200 -122.10084700 44.28196400 44.19770400 1631 1631 meter Sherri L. Johnson

US Forest Service ;Pacific NW Research Station ;3200 SW Jefferson Way Corvallis OR 97331 USA

541-758-7771 sherri.johnson2@usda.gov sherri.johnson@oregonstate.edu https://www.fs.fed.us/research/people/profile.php?alias=sherrijohnson Principal Investigator Julia A. Jones

Oregon State University;Department of Geosciences; Wilkinson Hall 104 Corvallis OR 97331-5506 USA

(541) 737-1224 Julia.Jones@oregonstate.edu geojulia@comcast.net http://ceoas.oregonstate.edu/profile/jones/ http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9429-8925 Principal Investigator Matthew G Betts

Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society; 201E Richardson Hall; College of Forestry; Oregon State University Corvallis OR 97331

(541) 737-3841 matt.betts@oregonstate.edu http://www.fsl.orst.edu/flel/index.htm Principal Investigator Michael P. Nelson

Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society; 201K Richarson Hall; College of Forestry; Oregon State University Corvallis OR 97331

541-737-9221 mpnelson@oregonstate.edu http://www.michaelpnelson.com http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6917-4752 Principal Investigator David Bell david.bell@usda.gov david.bell@oregonstate.edu https://lemma.forestry.oregonstate.edu/about/david-bell Principal Investigator The H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest is a living laboratory that provides unparalleled opportunities for the study of forest and stream ecosystems in the central Cascade Range of Oregon. Since 1980, as a part of the National Science Foundation Long Term Ecological Research (NSF-LTER) program, the Andrews Experimental Forest has become a leader in the analysis of forest and stream ecosystem dynamics. Long-term field experiments and measurement programs have focused on climate dynamics, streamflow, water quality, and vegetation succession. Currently researchers are working to develop concepts and tools needed to predict effects of natural disturbance, land use, and climate change on ecosystem structure, function, and species composition. The Andrews Experimental Forest is administered cooperatively by the USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, Oregon State University and the Willamette National Forest. Funding for the research program comes from the National Science Foundation (NSF), US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, Oregon State University, and other sources. Data were provided by the HJ Andrews Experimental Forest research program, funded by the National Science Foundation's Long-Term Ecological Research Program (DEB 2025755), US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, and Oregon State University. National Science Foundation: DEB1440409 The Andrews Forest is situated in the western Cascade Range of Oregon, and covers the entire 15,800-acre (6400-ha) drainage basin of Lookout Creek. Elevation ranges from 1350 to 5340 feet (410 to 1630 m). Broadly representative of the rugged mountainous landscape of the Pacific Northwest, the Andrews Forest contains excellent examples of the region's conifer forests and associated wildlife and stream ecosystems. These forests are among the tallest and most productive in the world, with tree heights of often greater than 250 ft (75 m). Streams are steep, cold and clean, providing habitat for numerous aquatic organisms. 1 SA01101 Epiphytic Macrolichen Species in and around the Andrews: SA01101.csv 3393 d2558a2a4637ae8b85044215316aad5a 1 \r\n column , " http://andlter.forestry.oregonstate.edu/ltermeta/ltersearch/dataaccess.aspx?docid=SA01101_v1.csv STCODE Study code char(10) SA011 FSDB Database Code SA011 FORMAT Format number numeric(1,0) number 1.000000 natural 1.0000 1.0000 GENUS Taxonomic category: genus varchar(20) Alectoria Alectoria Bryoria Bryoria Cavernularia Cavernularia Cetraria Cetraria Cladonia Cladonia Evernia Evernia Hypogymnia Hypogymnia Hypotrachyna Hypotrachyna Lobaria Lobaria Nephroma Nephroma Omphalina Omphalina Parmelia Parmelia Parmeliopsis Parmeliopsis Platismatia Platismatia Pseudocyphellaria Pseudocyphellaria Ramalina Ramalina Sphaerophorus Sphaerophorus Sticta Sticta Usnea Usnea SPECIES Taxonomic category: species varchar(50) Alectoria sarmentosa Alectoria sarmentosa Alectoria vancouverensis Alectoria vancouverensis Bryoria capillaris Bryoria capillaris Bryoria friabilis Bryoria friabilis Bryoria fuscescens Bryoria fuscescens Bryoria oregana Bryoria oregana Bryoria pikeii Bryoria pikeii Bryoria pseudofuscescens Bryoria pseudofuscescens Cavernularia hultenii Cavernularia hultenii Cetraria canadensis Cetraria canadensis Cetraria chlorophylla Cetraria chlorophylla Cetraria idahoensis Cetraria idahoensis Cetraria orbata Cetraria orbata Cetraria pallidula Cetraria pallidula Cetraria platyphylla Cetraria platyphylla Cladonia coniocraea Cladonia coniocraea Cladonia squamosa Cladonia squamosa Evernia prunastri Evernia prunastri Hypogymnia apinnata Hypogymnia apinnata Hypogymnia austerodes Hypogymnia austerodes Hypogymnia enteromorpha Hypogymnia enteromorpha Hypogymnia imshaugii Hypogymnia imshaugii Hypogymnia inactiva Hypogymnia inactiva Hypogymnia metaphysodes Hypogymnia metaphysodes Hypogymnia occidentalis Hypogymnia occidentalis Hypogymnia oceanica Hypogymnia oceanica Hypogymnia physodes Hypogymnia physodes Hypogymnia tubulosa Hypogymnia tubulosa Hypotrachyna sinuosa Hypotrachyna sinuosa Lobaria pulmonaria Lobaria pulmonaria Lobaria scrobiculata Lobaria scrobiculata Nephroma bellum Nephroma bellum Nephroma helveticum Nephroma helveticum Nephroma laevigatum Nephroma laevigatum Nephroma occultum Nephroma occultum Nephroma parile Nephroma parile Nephroma resupinatum Nephroma resupinatum Omphalina Omphalina Parmelia pseudosulcata Parmelia pseudosulcata Parmelia saxatilis Parmelia saxatilis Parmelia squarrosa Parmelia squarrosa Parmelia sulcata Parmelia sulcata Parmeliopsis hyperopta Parmeliopsis hyperopta Platismatia glauca Platismatia glauca Platismatia herrei Platismatia herrei Platismatia stenophylla Platismatia stenophylla Pseudocyphellaria anomala Pseudocyphellaria anomala Pseudocyphellaria anthraspis Pseudocyphellaria anthraspis Pseudocyphellaria crocata Pseudocyphellaria crocata Pseudocyphellaria rainierensis Pseudocyphellaria rainierensis Ramalina farinacea Ramalina farinacea Sphaerophorus globosus Sphaerophorus globosus Sticta beauvoisii Sticta beauvoisii Sticta fuliginosa Sticta fuliginosa Sticta limbata Sticta limbata Lobaria oregana (blue green morp) Lobaria oregana (blue green morp) Usnea spp. pendant Usnea spp. pendant Usnea spp. tufted Usnea spp. tufted ORIGIN Endemic to the Pacific Northwest indicator char(1)   Not endemic to Pacific Northwest A Endemic to Pacific Northwest RESSTATUS Residence status by forest stand age class char(1)   Not restricted by age of stand in this study B Mostly restricted to stands of 140 years or older in this study C Restricted to stands 140 years or older in this study D Restricted to old-growth in this study E Restricted to old-growth in this study and probably restricted to old- growth globally F Probably restricted only epiphytically to old-growth in this study AGE510 510 year-old tree age class char(1)   Indicates absence of species in this age class X Indicates presence of species in this age class AGE140 140 year-old tree age class char(1)   Indicates absence of species in this age class X Indicates presence of species in this age class AGE70 70 year-old tree age class char(1)   Indicates absence of species in this age class X Indicates presence of species in this age class AGE40 40 year-old tree age class char(1)   Indicates absence of species in this age class X Indicates presence of species in this age class COMMENT Comment char(1) G Synonym: Nephroma silviae-veteris (Goward et al. 1992)   No comment PRIMARY SA01101.SPECIES NOTNULL SA01101.FORMAT SA01101.GENUS SA01101.SPECIES SA01101.STCODE 59 dimensionless number, i.e., ratio, count