uid=AND,o=lter,dc=ecoinformatics,dc=org all public read SA029 Andy Jones

2070 Cordley Hall Corvallis Oregon 97330 USA

jonesfr@science.oregonstate.edu http://blogs.oregonstate.edu/joneslab/ Dustin Gannon dustygannon93@gmail.com http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6936-8626 Andy Jones

2070 Cordley Hall Corvallis Oregon 97330 USA

jonesfr@science.oregonstate.edu http://blogs.oregonstate.edu/joneslab/ Principal Investigator Matthew G Betts

Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society; 201E Richardson Hall; College of Forestry; Oregon State University Corvallis OR 97331

(541) 737-3841 matt.betts@oregonstate.edu http://www.fsl.orst.edu/flel/index.htm http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7100-2551 Other Researcher Andy Jones

2070 Cordley Hall Corvallis Oregon 97330 USA

jonesfr@science.oregonstate.edu http://blogs.oregonstate.edu/joneslab/ Creator Dustin Gannon dustygannon93@gmail.com http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6936-8626 Creator 2019-12-31 Woody plant encroachment is diminishing meadow and grassland habitat on a global scale. Increased woody cover influences local conditions such as light/shade environments, local soil characteristics, understory plant community structure, and disturbance regimes. Woody encroachment may also affect landscape-scale biological processes, such as herbaceous plant population structure, through reducing the total cover and continuity of open habitat and eroding mutualistic interactions, such as plant-pollinator interaction networks. A major concern is that habitat fragmentation will have a cascading effect if one or more mutualistic partners is adversely affected. For example, if pollinators are sensitive to disturbance, fragmentation may reduce rates of gene flow among sub-populations of plants, which is predicted to decrease effective population sizes and diminish adaptive potential (i.e. the capacity to respond to selective pressures through the evolution of genetically-based and heritable traits). Alpine meadows of the Cascade Mountains, which support diverse wildflower and pollinator communities, have shrunk dramatically over the last century as a result of forest encroachment. We posited that, as meadows become smaller and less connected, pollinators may abandon the smallest meadows and focus foraging efforts on the largest, most connected meadows with the most resources. This could expedite the decline and ultimate collapse of meadow communities through reducing adaptive potential across sub-populations of plants. We focus on a plant-pollinator interaction between a common, nectar-producing plant, Aquilegia formosa (western columbine), and rufous hummingbird (Selasphorus rufus) pollinators in four montane meadow complexes in the H.J. Andrews experimental forest, Oregon, USA (HJA). Using hummingbird movement data from SA028 (see H.J. Andrews project database), we first ask whether further forest encroachment in the HJA may alter hummingbird movement patterns among meadows. Secondly, using genotyping-by-sequencing to query the genomes of A. formosa individuals from 28 meadows representing a gradient of small and isolated meadows to large, connected meadows, we ask whether contemporary hummingbird movements predict plant population genetic structure and connectivity. A strong hummingbird preference for open habitat and support for a model predicting genetic distances among plants with hummingbird movement over standard geographic distances would support our hypothesis. Alternative results may suggest more robust plant-pollinator interactions in the face of woody encroachment. Western columbine leaves were collected from 28 meadows within the H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest, Oregon, USA. We sampled six meadows on Lookout Mountain, twelve along Frissell Ridge, six on Carpenter Mountain, and two clearings along forest road 506. genetics meadows LTER controlled vocabulary U.S. National Science Foundation GRFP 1840998; Portland Garden Club Katherine R. Pamplin Fund; Leslie and Vera Gottlieb Research Fund in Plant Evolutionary Biology Data Use Agreement: The re-use of scientific data has the potential to greatly increase communication, collaboration and synthesis within and among disciplines, and thus is fostered, supported and encouraged. This Data Set is released under the Creative Commons license CC BY "Attribution" (see: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Creative Commons license CC BY - Attribution is a license that allows others to distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon your work (even commercially), as long as you are credited for the original creation. This license accommodates maximum dissemination and use of licensed materials. It is considered professional conduct and an ethical obligation to acknowledge the work of other scientists. The Data User is asked to provide attribution of the original work if this data package is shared in whole or by individual parts or used in the derivation of other products. A recommended citation is provided for each Data Set in the Andrews LTER data catalog (see: http://andlter.forestry.oregonstate.edu/data/catalog/datacatalog.aspx). A generic citation is also provided for this Data Set on the website https://portal.edirepository.org in the summary metadata page. Data Users are thus strongly encouraged to consider consultation, collaboration and/or co-authorship with the Data Set Creator. While substantial efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of data and associated documentation, complete accuracy of data sets cannot be guaranteed and all data are made available "as is." The Data User should be aware, however, that data are updated periodically and it is the responsibility of the Data User to check for new versions of the data. The data authors and the repository where these data were obtained shall not be liable for damages resulting from any use or misinterpretation of the data. General acknowledgement: Data were provided by the HJ Andrews Experimental Forest research program, funded by the National Science Foundation's Long-Term Ecological Research Program (DEB 2025755), US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, and Oregon State University. https://andlter.forestry.oregonstate.edu/data/abstract.aspx?dbcode=SA029 Montane meadows within the H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest, Western Cascades, Oregon, USA. -122.15197140 -122.10287200 44.20325610 44.28345743 2019-06-21 2019-06-26 All Organisms All Organisms Highest common category (ca. kingdom) Plantae Plants 202422 Division or Phylum Magnoliophyta angiosperms 18061 Class Magnoliopsida dicot 18063 Subclass Magnoliidae 18064 Order Ranunculales 18409 Family Ranunculaceae 18410 Genus Aquilegia columbine 18728 Species Aquilegia formosa western columbine 18738 Assess the degree to which woody encroachment on montane meadow communities may disrupt plant-pollinator interactions and influence meadow plant population connectivity and viability.

An update history is logged and maintained with each new version of every dataset.

notPlanned Study code and preliminary metadata established Version1 2017-05-19 Uploaded new data to SQL and prepared for PASTA. Originally uploaded to PASTA before this update record was added. This is fixing last update date. Version2 2019-12-31 Information Manager

Andrews Forest LTER Program US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station 3200 SW Jefferson Way Corvallis OR 97331

hjaweb@lists.oregonstate.edu http://andrewsforest.oregonstate.edu/ Dustin Gannon dustygannon93@gmail.com http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6936-8626 Andrews Forest LTER Site

Forest Ecosystems and Society Department in Forestry Oregon State University 201K Richardson Hall Corvallis OR 97331-5752

(541) 737-8480 lterweb@lists.oregonstate.edu http://andrewsforest.oregonstate.edu/ Field Methods - SA029 In many cases, A. formosa did not occupy randomly selected meadows. In such cases, we visited the next meadow belonging to the same stratum and meadow complex in a randomized list. Due to time constraints, we were unable to sample all complex-stratum combinations. The final list of focal meadows included 28 meadows, with at least one meadow from each stratum in each complex. From the 28 meadows, we sampled fresh leaves from a minimum of six A. formosa individuals, placed them in 4ml cryotubes, and stored them in a charged Worthington CXR500 dry-shipper (-1900C) until transport back to Oregon State University where they could be stored in a -800C freezer. Data Entry - SA029 Sample data (sample location, ID, meadow, meadow complex, forest cover, and phenological stage) were entered by hand. Entries were checked and verified in a separate data entry session. Sampling frequency: One-time leaf sample collection We sampled western columbine leaves (Aquilegia formosa) from four major meadow complexes (spatial clusters of meadows) within the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest, Oregon, USA: two complexes along Frissel Ridge (M1 and M2), one on Carpenter Mountain (CM), and one on Lookout Mountain (LOM). Meadows within complexes were selected based on a two-step approach. First, we focused on meadows from which we had hummingbird RFID data (see project SA028) and those from which we had A. formosa seed set and/or pollen flow data. Because we aim to test the degree to which contemporary hummingbird movement predicts plant population genetic structure, we sought to sample plants in locations that should best reflect movement estimates. Divergence between the two is therefore less likely to be caused simply by sampling different meadows with different conditions, and more likely related to the biology of gene flow among plants on the landscape. We then calculated meadow area (m2) and connectivity based on the amount of forest in a 100m-radius buffer around the meadow centroid (meadows with high proportions of forest cells surrounding them were assumed less connected). We stratified meadows into four categories: large-connected, large-isolated, small-connected, and small-isolated meadows based on natural but arbitrary breaks in the distributions of meadow size and connectivity (breaks were placed at 3.2 log10(m2) and 63% forest cover for meadow size and connectivity, respectively). Meadows from which we had complementary data (RFID or seed set data) were categorized into respective strata. We then filled the list in by randomly sampling within strata up to 32 meadows such that the final list included at least two meadows belonging to each stratum (large-connected, large-isolated, small-connected, small-isolated) within each of the four meadow complexes (M1, M2, CM, LOM). Andrews Experimental Forest (HJA) -122.26172200 -122.10084700 44.28196400 44.19770400 1631 1631 meter Carpenter Mountain -122.14388957 -122.14388957 44.28123709 44.28123709 1628 1628 meter Carpenter Main Meadow, plot m2 -122.14167820 -122.14167820 44.27757882 44.27757882 Carpenter Main Meadow, plot x11b -122.13889860 -122.13889860 44.28344298 44.28344298 Carpenter Main Meadow, plot x11c -122.13940820 -122.13940820 44.28345743 44.28345743 Carpenter Main Meadow, plot x41a -122.14523460 -122.14523460 44.27955647 44.27955647 Carpenter Main Meadow, plot x41c -122.14757460 -122.14757460 44.28064854 44.28064854 Carpenter Main Meadow, plot x43 -122.15197140 -122.15197140 44.27946165 44.27946165 Lookout Main Meadow, plot m27 -122.12746730 -122.12746730 44.20384634 44.20384634 Lookout Main Meadow, plot x15e -122.13158420 -122.13158420 44.20325611 44.20325611 Lookout Main Meadow, plot x4a -122.12868560 -122.12868560 44.20518191 44.20518191 Lookout Main Meadow, plot cage -122.10645460 -122.10645460 44.20861651 44.20861651 Lookout Main Meadow, plot lg1 -122.12618270 -122.12618270 44.20409649 44.20409649 Lookout Main Meadow, plot m14 -122.12728630 -122.12728630 44.20596959 44.20596959 Lookout Main Meadow, plot w1 -122.12994390 -122.12994390 44.20603771 44.20603771 Lookout Main Meadow, plot ws -122.11914340 -122.11914340 44.20714852 44.20714852 Lookout Main Meadow, plot x42 -122.12762010 -122.12762010 44.21214733 44.21214733 Frissell Roswell Main 1 Meadow, plot lg1 -122.10458970 -122.10458970 44.23710580 44.23710580 Frissell Roswell Main 1 Meadow, plot m3 -122.10287200 -122.10287200 44.23910470 44.23910470 Frissell Roswell Main 1 Meadow, plot m5 -122.11306650 -122.11306650 44.23801926 44.23801926 Frissell Roswell Main 1 Meadow, plot x1a -122.10922630 -122.10922630 44.23589698 44.23589698 Frissell Roswell Main 1 Meadow, plot x2b -122.10584040 -122.10584040 44.23484054 44.23484054 Frissell Roswell Main 1 Meadow, plot x7 -122.10649270 -122.10649270 44.23313896 44.23313896 Frissell Roswell Main 2 Meadow, plot m1 -122.12200570 -122.12200570 44.24485896 44.24485896 Frissell Roswell Main 2 Meadow, plot x17 -122.12592800 -122.12592800 44.24155317 44.24155317 Frissell Roswell Main 2 Meadow, plot x21a -122.12677270 -122.12677270 44.24873268 44.24873268 Frissell Roswell Main 2 Meadow, plot x21b -122.12654330 -122.12654330 44.24592693 44.24592693 Frissell Roswell Main 2 Meadow, plot x21e -122.12931080 -122.12931080 44.24805491 44.24805491 Frissell Roswell Main 2 Meadow, plot x21f -122.12617770 -122.12617770 44.24624100 44.24624100 Frissell Roswell Main 2 Meadow, plot x48 -122.12251450 -122.12251450 44.24873484 44.24873484 Carpenter Main Meadow -122.14601746 -122.14552585 44.28020846 44.27960872 1528 1528 meter Frissell Roswell Main 1 Meadow -122.11306650 -122.10287200 44.23910470 44.23313896 Frissell Roswell Main 2 Meadow -122.12754369 -122.12702456 44.24825511 44.24764401 1490 1490 meter Lookout Main Meadow -122.13075105 -122.13032466 44.21114938 44.21058971 1480 1480 meter Carpenter Mountain Meadow Complex -122.15208820 -122.13523887 44.28020840 44.27587398 1528 1528 meter Frissell Roswell Ridge Meadow Complex -122.15208822 -122.12605679 44.28020846 44.20308930 1533 1533 meter Lookout Mountain Meadow Complex -122.13452160 -122.13032466 44.21114938 44.20308938 1500 1500 meter Posy Elizabeth Busby

Assistant Professor OSU Botany & Plant Pathology

busbyp@science.oregonstate.edu posybusby@gmail.com http://bpp.oregonstate.edu/content/posy-busby http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2837-9820 Principal Investigator Matthew G Betts

Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society; 201E Richardson Hall; College of Forestry; Oregon State University Corvallis OR 97331

(541) 737-3841 matt.betts@oregonstate.edu http://www.fsl.orst.edu/flel/index.htm http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7100-2551 Principal Investigator Brooke E. Penaluna brooke.penaluna@usda.gov Brooke.Penaluna@oregonstate.edu https://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/lwm/aem/people/penaluna.html http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7215-770X Principal Investigator Catalina Segura

Assistant Professor; Department of Forest Engineering, Resources, and Management; Oregon State University Corvallis OR 97331

541-737-6568 catalina.segura@oregonstate.edu http://ferm.forestry.oregonstate.edu/facstaff/segura-catalina http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0924-1172 Principal Investigator David Bell david.bell@usda.gov david.bell@oregonstate.edu https://lemma.forestry.oregonstate.edu/about/david-bell http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2673-5836 Principal Investigator The H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest is a living laboratory that provides unparalleled opportunities for the study of forest and stream ecosystems in the central Cascade Range of Oregon. Since 1980, as a part of the National Science Foundation Long Term Ecological Research (NSF-LTER) program, the Andrews Experimental Forest has become a leader in the analysis of forest and stream ecosystem dynamics. Long-term field experiments and measurement programs have focused on climate dynamics, streamflow, water quality, and vegetation succession. Currently researchers are working to develop concepts and tools needed to predict effects of natural disturbance, land use, and climate change on ecosystem structure, function, and species composition. The Andrews Experimental Forest is administered cooperatively by the USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, Oregon State University and the Willamette National Forest. Funding for the research program comes from the National Science Foundation (NSF), US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, Oregon State University, and other sources. Data were provided by the HJ Andrews Experimental Forest research program, funded by the National Science Foundation's Long-Term Ecological Research Program (DEB 2025755), US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, and Oregon State University. National Science Foundation: DEB2025755 The Andrews Forest is situated in the western Cascade Range of Oregon, and covers the entire 15,800-acre (6400-ha) drainage basin of Lookout Creek. Elevation ranges from 1350 to 5340 feet (410 to 1630 m). Broadly representative of the rugged mountainous landscape of the Pacific Northwest, the Andrews Forest contains excellent examples of the region's conifer forests and associated wildlife and stream ecosystems. These forests are among the tallest and most productive in the world, with tree heights of often greater than 250 ft (75 m). Streams are steep, cold and clean, providing habitat for numerous aquatic organisms. SA02901 Meadow characteristics Quantification of meadow area, proportion of forest, and stratum on meadow plots SA02901_v1.csv 1716 33ccb753843ab39ea29b0dc035397372 1 \r\n column , " https://andlter.forestry.oregonstate.edu/data/register/dataaccess.aspx?docid=SA02901_v1.csv 2019-06-21 2019-06-26 DBCODE FSDB Database Code char(5) SA029 FSDB Database Study Code ENTITY Entity number numeric(2,0) number 1 natural 1.0000 1.0000 COMPLEX Cluster of meadows char(10) Carpenter Carpenter Mountain Meadow Complex Frissell Frissell Roswell Ridge Meadow Complex Lookout Lookout Mountain Meadow Complex MEADOW Name of the meadow according to HJA meadows shape file char(3) CM Carpenter Main Meadow M2 Frissell Roswell Main 2 Meadow LOM Lookout Main Meadow M1 Frissell Roswell Main 1 Meadow MEADOW_PLOT meadow id for sampled area within a meadow (sub meadow) char(8) CMM2 Carpenter Main Meadow, plot m2 CMX11B Carpenter Main Meadow, plot x11b CMX11C Carpenter Main Meadow, plot x11c CMX41A Carpenter Main Meadow, plot x41a CMX41C Carpenter Main Meadow, plot x41c CMX43 Carpenter Main Meadow, plot x43 LOMCAGE Lookout Main Meadow, plot m27 LOMLG1 Lookout Main Meadow, plot x15e LOMM14 Lookout Main Meadow, plot x4a LOMM27 Lookout Main Meadow, plot cage LOMMWS Lookout Main Meadow, plot lg1 LOMW1 Lookout Main Meadow, plot m14 LOMX15E Lookout Main Meadow, plot w1 LOMX42 Lookout Main Meadow, plot ws LOMX4A Lookout Main Meadow, plot x42 M1LG1 Frissell Roswell Main 1 Meadow, plot lg1 M1M3 Frissell Roswell Main 1 Meadow, plot m3 M1M5 Frissell Roswell Main 1 Meadow, plot m5 M1X1A Frissell Roswell Main 1 Meadow, plot x1a M1X2B Frissell Roswell Main 1 Meadow, plot x2b M1X7 Frissell Roswell Main 1 Meadow, plot x7 M2M1 Frissell Roswell Main 2 Meadow, plot m1 M2X17 Frissell Roswell Main 2 Meadow, plot x17 M2X21A Frissell Roswell Main 2 Meadow, plot x21a M2X21B Frissell Roswell Main 2 Meadow, plot x21b M2X21E Frissell Roswell Main 2 Meadow, plot x21e M2X21F Frissell Roswell Main 2 Meadow, plot x21f M2X48 Frissell Roswell Main 2 Meadow, plot x48 MEADOW_AREA Area covered by the meadow plot numeric(7,1) square meters 1 real 128.0000 50000.0000 PROP_FOREST50 Proportion of forest within a 50 meter radius around the centroid of a meadow plot numeric(4,2) number 1 real 0.0000 1.0000 PROP_FOREST100 Proportion of forest within a 100 meter radius around the centroid of a meadow plot numeric(4,2) number 1 real 0.0000 1.0000 PROP_FOREST500 Proportion of forest within a 500 meter radius around the centroid of a meadow plot numeric(4,2) number 1 real 0.0000 1.0000 STRATUM Stratum of the meadow plot char(3) LgC large connected meadow SmC small connected meadow LgI large isolated meadow SmI small isolated meadow PRIMARY SA02901.COMPLEX SA02901.MEADOW SA02901.MEADOW_PLOT NOTNULL SA02901.COMPLEX SA02901.DBCODE SA02901.ENTITY SA02901.MEADOW SA02901.MEADOW_AREA SA02901.MEADOW_PLOT SA02901.PROP_FOREST100 SA02901.PROP_FOREST50 SA02901.PROP_FOREST500 SA02901.STRATUM 28 SA02902 Individual plant information and cover species cover, number of conspecifics, flower status, coordinates, and elevation of individual plant SA02902_v1.csv 21655 132f02f454b821830ecbaa37f73e87ed 1 \r\n column , " https://andlter.forestry.oregonstate.edu/data/register/dataaccess.aspx?docid=SA02902_v1.csv 2019-06-21 2019-06-26 DBCODE FSDB Database Code char(5) SA029 FSDB Database Study Code ENTITY Entity number numeric(2,0) number 1 natural 2.0000 2.0000 COMPLEX Cluster of meadows char(10) Carpenter Carpenter Mountain Meadow Complex Frissell Frissell Roswell Ridge Meadow Complex Lookout Lookout Mountain Meadow Complex MEADOW Name of the meadow according to HJA meadows shape file char(3) CM Carpenter Main Meadow M2 Frissell Roswell Main 2 Meadow LOM Lookout Main Meadow M1 Frissell Roswell Main 1 Meadow MEADOW_PLOT meadow id for sampled area within a meadow (sub meadow) char(8) CMM2 Carpenter Main Meadow, plot m2 CMX11B Carpenter Main Meadow, plot x11b CMX11C Carpenter Main Meadow, plot x11c CMX41A Carpenter Main Meadow, plot x41a CMX41C Carpenter Main Meadow, plot x41c CMX43 Carpenter Main Meadow, plot x43 LOMCAGE Lookout Main Meadow, plot m27 LOMLG1 Lookout Main Meadow, plot x15e LOMM14 Lookout Main Meadow, plot x4a LOMM27 Lookout Main Meadow, plot cage LOMMWS Lookout Main Meadow, plot lg1 LOMW1 Lookout Main Meadow, plot m14 LOMX15E Lookout Main Meadow, plot w1 LOMX42 Lookout Main Meadow, plot ws LOMX4A Lookout Main Meadow, plot x42 M1LG1 Frissell Roswell Main 1 Meadow, plot lg1 M1M3 Frissell Roswell Main 1 Meadow, plot m3 M1M5 Frissell Roswell Main 1 Meadow, plot m5 M1X1A Frissell Roswell Main 1 Meadow, plot x1a M1X2B Frissell Roswell Main 1 Meadow, plot x2b M1X7 Frissell Roswell Main 1 Meadow, plot x7 M2M1 Frissell Roswell Main 2 Meadow, plot m1 M2X17 Frissell Roswell Main 2 Meadow, plot x17 M2X21A Frissell Roswell Main 2 Meadow, plot x21a M2X21B Frissell Roswell Main 2 Meadow, plot x21b M2X21E Frissell Roswell Main 2 Meadow, plot x21e M2X21F Frissell Roswell Main 2 Meadow, plot x21f M2X48 Frissell Roswell Main 2 Meadow, plot x48 SAMPLEDATE Date of sampling datetime YYYY-MM-DD 6/21/2019 12:00:00 AM 6/26/2019 12:00:00 AM SPECIES_CODE Code representing species scientific name char(4) AQFO Aquilegia formosa PLANT_ID Unique plant ID for individual numeric(3,0) number 1 natural 193.0000 479.0000 X_COORD X coordinate, WGS84, UTM Zone 10 numeric(6,0) number 1 natural 560406.0000 571679.0000 Y_COORD Y coordinate WGS84, UTM Zone 10 numeric(7,0) number 1 natural 4893946.0000 4908747.0000 ELEVATION meters above sea level numeric(4,0) meters 1 whole 1268.0000 1545.0000 PL_IN_5M number of conspecifics in a 5m radius from the focal plant numeric(2,0) number 1 whole 0.0000 25.0000 COVER Overstory cover numeric(2,0) percent 1 real 0.0000 100.0000 FLW_STATUS Whether or not the plant had flowers at the time of sampling char(1) F Flower buds, blooming flowers, or seed pods are present V Only vegetative structures present N Not noted NOTES sample notes varchar(25) sample notes PRIMARY SA02902.COMPLEX SA02902.MEADOW SA02902.MEADOW_PLOT SA02902.PLANT_ID SA02902.SPECIES_CODE NOTNULL SA02902.COMPLEX SA02902.COVER SA02902.DBCODE SA02902.ENTITY SA02902.FLW_STATUS SA02902.MEADOW SA02902.MEADOW_PLOT SA02902.PLANT_ID SA02902.PL_IN_5M SA02902.SAMPLEDATE SA02902.SPECIES_CODE SA02902.X_COORD SA02902.Y_COORD 260 square meters percent; a number meter; SI unit of length dimensionless number, i.e., ratio, count