uid=AND,o=lter,dc=ecoinformatics,dc=org all public read SP007 Robert P. Griffiths

Oregon State University;Dept. of Forest Science;321 Richardson Hall Corvallis OR 97331-5752 USA

(541) 737-6559 bbgriff@peak.org griff@for.orst.edu Robert P. Griffiths

Oregon State University;Dept. of Forest Science;321 Richardson Hall Corvallis OR 97331-5752 USA

(541) 737-6559 bbgriff@peak.org griff@for.orst.edu Principal Investigator Alan K. Swanson Other Researcher Robert P. Griffiths

Oregon State University;Dept. of Forest Science;321 Richardson Hall Corvallis OR 97331-5752 USA

(541) 737-6559 bbgriff@peak.org griff@for.orst.edu Abstractor Robert P. Griffiths

Oregon State University;Dept. of Forest Science;321 Richardson Hall Corvallis OR 97331-5752 USA

(541) 737-6559 bbgriff@peak.org griff@for.orst.edu Creator 2013-12-17 This study was designed to determine how edges generated by clear-cutting old-growth forests influence patterns of soil carbon and nitrogen cycling and the distribution of ectomycorrhizal mats and to determine how these patterns change with time after harvest. A secondary objective was to measure how clear-cutting within different climatic regimes influenced soil nitrogen and carbon cycling. community structure meteorology soil chemistry tree age carbon cycling disturbance inorganic nutrients carbon LTER controlled vocabulary Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) Andrews Experimental Forest site thesaurus disturbance inorganic nutrients LTER core research areas Data Use Agreement: The re-use of scientific data has the potential to greatly increase communication, collaboration and synthesis within and among disciplines, and thus is fostered, supported and encouraged. This Data Set is released under the Creative Commons license CC BY "Attribution" (see: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Creative Commons license CC BY - Attribution is a license that allows others to distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon your work (even commercially), as long as you are credited for the original creation. This license accommodates maximum dissemination and use of licensed materials. It is considered professional conduct and an ethical obligation to acknowledge the work of other scientists. The Data User is asked to provide attribution of the original work if this data package is shared in whole or by individual parts or used in the derivation of other products. A recommended citation is provided for each Data Set in the Andrews LTER data catalog (see: http://andlter.forestry.oregonstate.edu/data/catalog/datacatalog.aspx). A generic citation is also provided for this Data Set on the website https://portal.edirepository.org in the summary metadata page. Data Users are thus strongly encouraged to consider consultation, collaboration and/or co-authorship with the Data Set Creator. While substantial efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of data and associated documentation, complete accuracy of data sets cannot be guaranteed and all data are made available "as is." The Data User should be aware, however, that data are updated periodically and it is the responsibility of the Data User to check for new versions of the data. The data authors and the repository where these data were obtained shall not be liable for damages resulting from any use or misinterpretation of the data. General acknowledgement: Data were provided by the HJ Andrews Experimental Forest research program, funded by the National Science Foundation's Long-Term Ecological Research Program (DEB 2025755), US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, and Oregon State University. http://andlter.forestry.oregonstate.edu/data/abstract.aspx?dbcode=SP007 Andrews Experimental Forest -122.26172200 -122.10084700 44.28196400 44.19770400 412 1631 meter 1995-01-01 1995-12-01 All Organisms All Organisms Highest common category (ca. kingdom) Fungi Division or Phylum Basidiomycota Division or Phylum Basidiomycetes Order Phallales Family Hysterangiaceae Genus Hysterangium Family Gomphaceae Genus Gautieria Forest fragmentation has been recognized as an important problem for forest managers interested in maintaining ecosystem health. As further fragmentation takes place, the size of plots decrease and edge to volume ratios continue to climb (Franklin and Forman, 1987; Hunter, 1997). As the total length of edges increases with continued forest harvests, the possibility of significant sifts in soil processes over the landscape also increases. There is a long-standing interest in how forest edges influence plant and animal distributions (Harris, 1988). Typically, shade-intolerant and weedy species proliferate along edges, there are increased wind-shear forces resulting in mature tree mortality, changes in bird, mammal and insect distributions and distinctive microclimatic gradients along edges (Laurence and Yensen, 1991). Recent studies by Chen et al. (1993, 1995) have shown that microclimate effects can be detected as far as 240 m into a Douglas-fir OG forest from edges of an adjacent 15 year stand (15YS) stand. Near the edge, greater extremes in relative humidity, wind velocity, solar radiation, and soil temperature were observed when compared to values observed deep within the OG forest or in the middle of the clear-cuts (Chen et al., 1995). Shifts in vegetation have also been observed up to 120 m from an edge (Chen et al., 1992). Much less is known about how forest edges influence biological and chemical characteristics of forest soils. This lack of basic information should be a major concern as forest managers attempt to assess the effects of forest harvesting patterns on biogeochemical processes over large watersheds.

An update history is logged and maintained with each new version of every dataset.

notPlanned Original metadata creation. Version1 1999-04-16 Metadata restructured and moved into SQLServer metadata database LTERMETA. Data moved into SQLServer database FSDBDATA. Version2 2002-04-10 Converted STCODE to enumerated, ran QC, recreated CSV files with new delimiter for upload to PASTA. Version7 2013-12-17 Information Manager

Andrews Forest LTER Program US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station 3200 SW Jefferson Way Corvallis OR 97331

hjaweb@fsl.orst.edu http://andrewsforest.oregonstate.edu/ Donald L. Henshaw

Pacific Northwest Research Station; Corvallis Forestry Sciences Lab; 3200 SW Jefferson Way Corvallis Oregon 97331

hja_admin@fsl.orst.edu http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5952-4528 Andrews Forest LTER Site

Forest Ecosystems and Society Department in Forestry Oregon State University 201K Richardson Hall Corvallis OR 97331-5752

(541) 737-8480 lterweb@fsl.orst.edu http://andrewsforest.oregonstate.edu/ Field Methods - SP007 1. Sample collection and preparation Mineral soil samples were collected with a trowel to a depth of 10 cm and transported to the laboratory in an ice chest. Soils were stored at 15°C until the initiation of the analyses which was within 16 h of their receipt. All variables except field respiration rates were measured during Aug. 1995. 2. Field studies Field (forest floor) respiration rates were measured using a non-dispersive, infrared CO2 analyzer (Li-cor, LI-6200). Measurements were made over a period of 1 min after the chamber gas had reached ambient CO2 concentration. The instrument was calibrated on-site against a known standard at each of the locations. A Q10 adjustment was made for ambient soil temperature. Soil temperatures were measured by electronic thermometers that had been calibrated at 0°C with ice water. The probes were inserted 10 cm into the mineral soil. The occurrence of ectomycorrhizal mats in cores was determined visually in the field by inspecting the relative abundance of mats in 4.5 x 10 cm cores. Two distinctive mat types were scored separately; as mats similar to those of the genus Hysterangium and mats similar to those of the genus Gautieria. This approach has been used successfully in the past to document ectomycorrhizal mat distribution patterns in coniferous forests of the Pacific Northwest (Griffiths et al., 1996) Laboratory Methods - SP007 In preparation for laboratory analysis, all soils were sieved through a 2-mm sieve. Soil pH was measured in 1:10 (soil: distilled water) slurries of oven-dried (100°C) soil. These slurries were shaken for 1 h prior to reading pH values with Sigma model E4753 electrode. Soil organic matter (SOM) was measured by loss-on-ignition at 550°C for 6 h following oven drying at 100°C. Denitrification potential (DENIT) was measured using a method similar to that used by Groffman and Tiedje (1989). Each reaction vessel (25 mL Erlenmeyer flask) contained 5 g of less than 2mm, field-moist soil. The flask was sealed with a rubber serum bottle stopper and purged with Ar to displace O2 in the headspace. After purging with argon, 2 mL of a 1 mM solution of glucose and NO3- was added each flask which was subsequently incubated at 25°C for one hr. This preincubation period was used because time series experiments on representative soils showed a lag in N2O production during this period. The same experiments have shown linear N2O production rates during the following 2-4 hr (data not shown). After the preincubation period, 0.5 mL of headspace gas was removed from the reaction vessel and injected into a gas chromatograph fitted with an electron capture detector (Hewlett Packard model 5890 GC fitted with Hewlett Packard model 3396 integrator). The integrator was calibrated using known gas standards and the external calibration method. Another headspace N2O analysis was made after an additional two hr incubation at 25°C. The net N2O released over this 2 h period was used to estimate N2O production rates. Acetylene was not routinely added to the headspace to prevent the conversion of N2O to N2 because randomly selected samples (10% of the total) were also assayed with a 10% acetylene atmosphere. There were no significant differences between N2O production rates with and without acetylene. Long-term respiration measurements (LTR) were made on field moist sieved soils (4 g dry wt.) which were brought to 75% moisture. Enough sterile deionized water was added to equal 3 g water per flask to give a final soil moisture of 75%. As was the case with denitrification potential measurements, LTR were measured in 25 mL Erlenmeyer flasks. Once the flasks were sealed with serum bottle stoppers, they were incubated for 14 days at 24°C and analyzed for CO2 concentrations in the headspace by gas chromatography. CO2 concentrations were measured on the same gas chromatograph and integrator as that used for measuring N2O. A flame ionization detector and a methanizer in series was used to measure CO2. Exchangeable NH4+ (AMMONIUM) concentration was determined by shaking 10 g field-moist soil with 50 mL 2 M KCl for 1 h (Keeney and Nelson, 1982). After adding 0.3 mL 10 M NaOH to the slurry, NH4+ concentration was measured with a Orion model 95-12 ammonium electrode (Orion Research Inc. Boston, Ma, USA). Mineralizable N (MINN) was measured using the waterlogged technique of Keeney and Bremner (1966). Ten g of field-moist soil was added to 53 mL of distilled water in a 20 x 125 mm screw cap test tube and incubating at 40°C. After 7 days, 53 ml of 4 M KCl was added to the slurry and NH4+ concentration was determined with the ammonium electrode. Mineralizable N was calculated from the difference between initial and final NH4+ concentrations. Soil samples were collected along 27 transects with one transect taken at each site. These transects were 150 m long running along the same contour from OG forests into harvested stands. The transect extended 75 m either side of the edge with soil samples taken every 5 m. Fifteen m on either side of the edge, the sampling spacing was decreased to 1 m intervals to better define patterns closest to the edge. It also allowed us to test for spatial variability at both 1 and 5 m intervals. This dataset contains all of the 1 meter data to give the finest spatial definition 15 m either side of the edge between the oldgrowth segment of the transect and the harvested stand. Stands used in this study had been commercially harvested which means that in each case, OG stands were cut, the slash and debris burned leaving burnt stumps and some old decayed logs. They were typically replanted with Douglas-fir seedlings within 2 years of harvest. The edge was defined as the line formed by the main stems of uncut old-growth trees along the perimeter of the harvested site. In most cases, the edge was well defined. The experimental design consisted of 3 stand ages and 3 locations with each replicated 3 times for a total of 27 transects. The three stand ages were those harvested approximately 5, 15, and 40 years prior to the study. Nine transects of each age class were sampled. Of these 9 transects, 3 transects were in low-flat sites (646 to 800 m in elevation, 3 were higher (1000 to 1262 m) south-facing and 3 in higher (800 to 1338 m) north-facing sites. The 5 year stands (YS) generally had early successional herbs and shrubs with large gaps between young trees which were usually less than 2 m height. Much of the ground had little vegetation. Stands approximately 15 years still had gaps between trees and contained only small areas that were not covered with trees or shrubs; few herbs are present. Most of the trees were Douglas-firs which were generally less than 5 m in height. The 40 year stands had enclosed Douglas-fir canopies (most greater than 15 m) with relatively little understory vegetation. Within OG adjacent to 5 YS, understory vegetation was starting to grow in response to increased solar radiation. The extend of this zone varied with elevation and aspect. This zone of understory growth was generally wider and better established in OG adjacent to 15 YS and persisted in a reduced form in OG stands adjacent to 40 YS. Andrews Experimental Forest (HJA) -122.26172200 -122.10084700 44.28196400 44.19770400 1631 1631 meter Sherri L. Johnson

US Forest Service ;Pacific NW Research Station ;3200 SW Jefferson Way Corvallis OR 97331 USA

541-758-7771 sherri.johnson2@usda.gov sherri.johnson@oregonstate.edu https://www.fs.fed.us/research/people/profile.php?alias=sherrijohnson Principal Investigator Julia A. Jones

Oregon State University;Department of Geosciences; Wilkinson Hall 104 Corvallis OR 97331-5506 USA

(541) 737-1224 Julia.Jones@oregonstate.edu geojulia@comcast.net http://ceoas.oregonstate.edu/profile/jones/ http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9429-8925 Principal Investigator Matthew G Betts

Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society; 201E Richardson Hall; College of Forestry; Oregon State University Corvallis OR 97331

(541) 737-3841 matt.betts@oregonstate.edu http://www.fsl.orst.edu/flel/index.htm Principal Investigator Michael P. Nelson

Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society; 201K Richarson Hall; College of Forestry; Oregon State University Corvallis OR 97331

541-737-9221 mpnelson@oregonstate.edu http://www.michaelpnelson.com http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6917-4752 Principal Investigator David Bell david.bell@usda.gov david.bell@oregonstate.edu https://lemma.forestry.oregonstate.edu/about/david-bell Principal Investigator The H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest is a living laboratory that provides unparalleled opportunities for the study of forest and stream ecosystems in the central Cascade Range of Oregon. Since 1980, as a part of the National Science Foundation Long Term Ecological Research (NSF-LTER) program, the Andrews Experimental Forest has become a leader in the analysis of forest and stream ecosystem dynamics. Long-term field experiments and measurement programs have focused on climate dynamics, streamflow, water quality, and vegetation succession. Currently researchers are working to develop concepts and tools needed to predict effects of natural disturbance, land use, and climate change on ecosystem structure, function, and species composition. The Andrews Experimental Forest is administered cooperatively by the USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, Oregon State University and the Willamette National Forest. Funding for the research program comes from the National Science Foundation (NSF), US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, Oregon State University, and other sources. Data were provided by the HJ Andrews Experimental Forest research program, funded by the National Science Foundation's Long-Term Ecological Research Program (DEB 2025755), US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, and Oregon State University. National Science Foundation: DEB1440409 The Andrews Forest is situated in the western Cascade Range of Oregon, and covers the entire 15,800-acre (6400-ha) drainage basin of Lookout Creek. Elevation ranges from 1350 to 5340 feet (410 to 1630 m). Broadly representative of the rugged mountainous landscape of the Pacific Northwest, the Andrews Forest contains excellent examples of the region's conifer forests and associated wildlife and stream ecosystems. These forests are among the tallest and most productive in the world, with tree heights of often greater than 250 ft (75 m). Streams are steep, cold and clean, providing habitat for numerous aquatic organisms. 1 SP00701 Soil Sample Data: SP00701.csv 140625 6d4be07ca92c2b7ab426106d6394df4f 1 \r\n column , " http://andlter.forestry.oregonstate.edu/ltermeta/ltersearch/dataaccess.aspx?docid=SP00701_v2.csv 1995-01-01 1995-12-31 STCODE FSDB Database Study code char(10) SP007 FSDB Database Study Code SP007 FORMAT Format number numeric(1,0) number 1.000000 natural 1.0000 1.0000 TRANS Transect number numeric(2,0) number 1 natural 1.0000 28.0000 TRIAD Triad number for set of three harvest stand age classes numeric(1,0) number 1 natural 1.0000 9.0000 ASP Elevation/aspect code of site char(6) LOW Low elevation site NORTH High elevation site facing north SOUTH High elevation site facing south TREAT Treatment of stand (uncut or harvested) char(3) 15 Fifteen year old stand 40 Forty year old stand 5 Five year old stand OG Oldgrowth EDGDIST Distance from edge in meters numeric(3,0) meters 1 whole 0.0000 75.0000 POS Position along transect from ends of transect numeric(3,0) meters 1 whole 0.0000 150.0000 MOIST Percent moisture (wet-dry/dry)x100 numeric(3,0) percent 1.000000 natural 7.0000 513.0000 HIST Percent of core containing Hysterangium-like ectomycorrhizal mats numeric(4,0) percent 1.000000 whole 0.0000 100.0000 GUAT Percent of core containing Gautieria-like ectomycorrhizal mats numeric(4,0) percent 1.000000 whole 0.0000 100.0000 MAT Percent of core containing all ectomycorrhizal mats numeric(5,1) percent 0.100000 real 0.1000 180.1000 SOIL Soil temperature at 10 cm from surface numeric(5,1) degrees Celsius 0.100000 real 9.2000 28.2000 PH pH value numeric(6,2) pH units 0.010000 real 2.2600 6.4500 SOM Percent soil organic matter in mineral soil (by combustion at 550 C) numeric(7,1) percent 0.100000 real 7.8000 154.7000 LITTER Litter depth numeric(4,0) centimeters 1.000000 whole 0.0000 30.0000 AIR Air temperature taken at the time of field respiration measurement numeric(6,1) degrees Celsius 0.100000 real 0.0000 19.5000 LIGHT Light intensity at time of field respiration numeric(4,0) number 1.000000 whole 0.0000 879.0000 RESP Rate of forest floor respiration without litter layer ( as C) numeric(7,2) grams per square meter per day 0.010000 real 0.0000 53.3000 LTR Long-term lab soil respiration rate; co2 in headspace after 14 days (dry wt basis) numeric(7,2) micrograms per gram 0.000000 real 0.0000 12.8200 DENIT Denitrification potential (as N, dry wt basis) numeric(7,2) micrograms per gram per hour 0.010000 real 0.0000 242.4300 MIN_N Mineralizable organic nitrogen; anaerobic incubation for 14 days at 40c (N , dry wt basis) numeric(8,3) micrograms per gram 0.001000 real 0.0000 1652.8000 EXTR_AMM Concentration of ammonium with 2m KCl (as n, dry wt basis) numeric(7,3) micrograms per gram 0.001000 real 0.0000 88.0000 PRIMARY SP00701.POS SP00701.TRANS NOTNULL SP00701.ASP SP00701.EDGDIST SP00701.FORMAT SP00701.POS SP00701.STCODE SP00701.TRANS SP00701.TREAT SP00701.TRIAD 1473 micrograms per gram per hour centimeters; .01 meters micrograms per gram Scale used for pH measurements meter; SI unit of length grams per square meter per day Degrees Celsius; a common unit of temperature; constantToSI=273.18 percent; a number dimensionless number, i.e., ratio, count