uid=AND,o=lter,dc=ecoinformatics,dc=org all public read TD010 M. Helen McDade Frederick J. Swanson

USDA Forest Service;Pacific NW Research Station;3200 SW Jefferson Way Corvallis OR 97331 USA

(541) 750-7355 fred.swanson@oregonstate.edu Frederick J. Swanson

USDA Forest Service;Pacific NW Research Station;3200 SW Jefferson Way Corvallis OR 97331 USA

(541) 750-7355 fred.swanson@oregonstate.edu Principal Investigator M. Helen McDade Abstractor M. Helen McDade Creator Frederick J. Swanson

USDA Forest Service;Pacific NW Research Station;3200 SW Jefferson Way Corvallis OR 97331 USA

(541) 750-7355 fred.swanson@oregonstate.edu Creator 2011-09-14 The objective of this study was to determine the source-distance patterns of coarse woody debris in selected streams flowing through natural conifer forests in the Cascade and Coast mountains of western Oregon and Washington. Several stand and landform conditions were sampled to estimate their effects on source-distance patterns of stream-side forests. We sampled old-growth and mature forests containing conifers and hardwoods to provide data on a range of tree heights. Hillslope steepness was considered in the sampling because we expected that if debris slid down steep slopes, source distances would be greater at sites with steeper side slopes and narrower floodplains. Sampled sites included a range of stream orders from first to third because floodplain width in this region generally increases with increasing stream order. detritus coarse woody debris organic matter streams LTER controlled vocabulary H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest (AND) Andrews Experimental Forest site thesaurus organic matter LTER core research areas Data Use Agreement: The re-use of scientific data has the potential to greatly increase communication, collaboration and synthesis within and among disciplines, and thus is fostered, supported and encouraged. This Data Set is released under the Creative Commons license CC BY "Attribution" (see: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Creative Commons license CC BY - Attribution is a license that allows others to distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon your work (even commercially), as long as you are credited for the original creation. This license accommodates maximum dissemination and use of licensed materials. It is considered professional conduct and an ethical obligation to acknowledge the work of other scientists. The Data User is asked to provide attribution of the original work if this data package is shared in whole or by individual parts or used in the derivation of other products. A recommended citation is provided for each Data Set in the Andrews LTER data catalog (see: http://andlter.forestry.oregonstate.edu/data/catalog/datacatalog.aspx). A generic citation is also provided for this Data Set on the website https://portal.edirepository.org in the summary metadata page. Data Users are thus strongly encouraged to consider consultation, collaboration and/or co-authorship with the Data Set Creator. While substantial efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of data and associated documentation, complete accuracy of data sets cannot be guaranteed and all data are made available "as is." The Data User should be aware, however, that data are updated periodically and it is the responsibility of the Data User to check for new versions of the data. The data authors and the repository where these data were obtained shall not be liable for damages resulting from any use or misinterpretation of the data. General acknowledgement: Data were provided by the HJ Andrews Experimental Forest research program, funded by the National Science Foundation's Long-Term Ecological Research Program (DEB 1440409), US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, and Oregon State University. http://andlter.forestry.oregonstate.edu/data/abstract.aspx?dbcode=TD010 Streams in the Cascade Range of Oregon and Washington and in the Coast Range of Oregon -122.41884666 -122.10084700 44.28196400 44.18318777 1981-09-08 1981-09-21 All Organisms All Organisms Highest common category (ca. kingdom) Plantae Division or Phylum Coniferophyta Class Pinopsida Order Pinales Family Pinaceae Genus Tsuga Species Tsuga heterophylla Genus Pseudotsuga Species Pseudotsuga menziesii Genus Abies Species Abies amabilis Genus Picea Species Picea sitchensis Family Cupressaceae Genus Thuja Species Thuja plicata Division or Phylum Magnoliophyta Class Magnoliopsida Subclass Hamamelididae Order Fagales Family Betulaceae Genus Alnus Species Alnus rubra Subclass Rosidae Order Sapindales Family Aceraceae Genus Acer Species Acer macrophyllum

An update history is logged and maintained with each new version of every dataset.

notPlanned Original metadata creation. Version1 1988-09-13 Metadata restructured and moved into SQLServer metadata database LTERMETA. Data moved into SQLServer database FSDBDATA. Version2 2002-02-11 Information Manager

Andrews Forest LTER Program US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station 3200 SW Jefferson Way Corvallis OR 97331

hjaweb@fsl.orst.edu http://andrewsforest.oregonstate.edu/ Donald L. Henshaw

Pacific Northwest Research Station; Corvallis Forestry Sciences Lab; 3200 SW Jefferson Way Corvallis Oregon 97331

hja_admin@fsl.orst.edu http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5952-4528 Andrews Forest LTER Site

Forest Ecosystems and Society Department in Forestry Oregon State University 201K Richardson Hall Corvallis OR 97331-5752

(541) 737-8480 lterweb@fsl.orst.edu http://andrewsforest.oregonstate.edu/ Field Methods - TD010 The length of stream sampled at each site ranged from 0.4 to 2 km and was determined by the distance required to locate 30 trees (sources) that had provided pieces of coarse woody debris to the stream; minimum diameters were greater than 10 cm at the small end and lengths were greater than 1 m. Coarse debris includes tree tops, large limbs, fragments of snags, and whole trees. Sample size (30) was a compromise between the need to properly characterize a site and to keep stream length short enough that geomorphic conditions (e.g., stream order, floodplain width) would not vary greatly. The origin of each piece of debris within or straddling the stream was determined. Pieces not identifiable as to source (47.7% of pieces encountered at the study sites) were not included in the study; they were usually short fragments that were quite mobile at high flows. Source distance was measured from the origin to the stream bank along a line perpendicular to the channel. To evaluate the distance moved downslope by debris, we also measured the origin to piece distance (Fig. 1). Separate measurements were made of distances on bench and hillslope areas and then summed to give a total slope distance from origin to stream (source distance) or origin to piece, ass appropriate. A bench was defined as the relatively flat floodplain and terraces adjacent to the stream. Side-slope steepness was measured with a hand-held clinometer. Species diameter, total piece length, and length actually in channel were recorded for pieces with discernible origins. In cases of uprooted trees, the distance from the center of the root pit to the stream bank was measured. In cases where a fallen tree delivered more than one piece of debris to the stream, all of these pieces were inventoried separately, but their source was counted as one. Debris pieces that straddled the stream but were identifiable as to source location were included in the study because they will eventually enter the steam. The 39 study sites, 37 in the Cascade Range of Oregon and Washington and 2 in the Coast Range of Oregon, are located within 8 study areas. Streams at the study sites range in size from first through third order; all of the sampled stream sites are in natural, well-stocked stands. Approximately half the sites are in old-growth stands, and half are in unmanaged, mature stands. Legal descriptions of locations and other site characteristics are available in McDade (1987). Twenty-seven of the Cascade Range streams are in the central western Cascades of Oregon, in the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest or in the nearby Hagan Block and Middle Santiam research natural areas and Three Sisters Wilderness Area. Nine of the remaining Cascade streams are close t the Wind River Experimental Forest near Carson, Washington, and one is in Mount Rainier National Park. Forests bordering the streams are dominated by Douglas-fir, western hemlock, and western red cedar, which are characteristic of the Tsuga heterophylla Zone. Streams sampled in the Oregon coast Range are Calf Creek and Flynn Creek. Calf Creek, only 2.5 km from the Pacific Ocean lies within forests dominated by Sitka spruce and western hemlock of about 140 years. Flynn Creek is located 16 km east of the Pacific Ocean in the Tsuga heterophyllas Zone. Douglas-fir and western hemlock dominate the forest canopy. Red alder is common along both streams. Valleys in both the Cascade and Coast ranges are typically V-shaped with steep side slopes and narrow valley floors along first through third order streams. Hillslopes adjacent to sampled streams range in steepness from 3 to 40 degrees, with first and second order streams having significantly steeper side slopes than third-order streams. Each study site was classified in terms of stream order (firs, second, or third), stand age (old-growth or mature timber), and average steepness of side slopes (steep slopes >25 degrees, gentle slopes less than 25 degrees). These characteristics were pre-established so that selected sites would fit a 3 X 2 X 2 factorial design with a minimum of three sample sites (replicates) in each cell of the matrix. The choice of 25 degrees for categorizing slope steepness was based on our field observations that conspicuous sliding occurs primarily on slopes steeper than 25-30 degrees. A total of 1258 debris pieces ere sampled: 619 conifer and 2 hardwood pieces in old-growth stands and 551 conifer and 86 hardwood pieces in mature stands. Dependent variables (Table 1) had highly skewed distributions, and nonparametric methods were used throughout to test for location differences among distributions classified by various stand and geomorphic attributes. Andrews Experimental Forest (HJA) -122.26172200 -122.10084700 44.28196400 44.19770400 1631 1631 meter Cascade Head Experimental Forest -123.99172777 -123.89730000 45.06476948 45.03130000 Mt. Rainier National Park -121.91194510 -121.53641010 46.94590700 46.75970700 Reference Watershed HGBK, Hagan RNA, Willamette NF -122.41884666 -122.41884666 44.18318777 44.18318777 653 653 meter Carpenter Mountain Area, Blue River Ranger District, OR -122.16422300 -122.16134500 44.27784300 44.27616900 1628 1628 meter Sherri L. Johnson

US Forest Service ;Pacific NW Research Station ;3200 SW Jefferson Way Corvallis OR 97331 USA

541-758-7771 sherri.johnson2@usda.gov sherri.johnson@oregonstate.edu https://www.fs.fed.us/research/people/profile.php?alias=sherrijohnson Principal Investigator Julia A. Jones

Oregon State University;Department of Geosciences; Wilkinson Hall 104 Corvallis OR 97331-5506 USA

(541) 737-1224 Julia.Jones@oregonstate.edu geojulia@comcast.net http://ceoas.oregonstate.edu/profile/jones/ http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9429-8925 Principal Investigator Hannah Gosnell

Geosciences;Oregon State University;260 Wilkinson Hall Corvallis OR 97331-5506 USA

541-737-1222 gosnellh@geo.oregonstate.edu http://ceoas.oregonstate.edu/profile/gosnell/ Principal Investigator Matthew G Betts

Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society; 201E Richardson Hall; College of Forestry; Oregon State University Corvallis OR 97331

(541) 737-3841 matt.betts@oregonstate.edu http://www.fsl.orst.edu/flel/index.htm Principal Investigator Michael P. Nelson

Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society; 201K Richarson Hall; College of Forestry; Oregon State University Corvallis OR 97331

541-737-9221 mpnelson@oregonstate.edu http://www.michaelpnelson.com http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6917-4752 Principal Investigator The Andrews Forest is situated in the western Cascade Range of Oregon, and covers the entire 15,800-acre (6400-ha) drainage basin of Lookout Creek. Elevation ranges from 1350 to 5340 feet (410 to 1630 m). Broadly representative of the rugged mountainous landscape of the Pacific Northwest, the Andrews Forest contains excellent examples of the region's conifer forests and associated wildlife and stream ecosystems. These forests are among the tallest and most productive in the world, with tree heights of often greater than 250 ft (75 m). Streams are steep, cold and clean, providing habitat for numerous aquatic organisms. 1 TD01001 Thesis data for all streams: TD01001.csv 138816 8c9a97a4bdb345e31123ff491845ab98 1 \r\n column , " http://andlter.forestry.oregonstate.edu/ltermeta/ltersearch/dataaccess.aspx?docid=TD01001_v1.csv DATACODE Osu forest science data bank i.d. number char(5) Osu forest science data bank i.d. number FORMAT Card type numeric(1,0) number 1.000000 natural 1.0000 1.0000 LOCA General geographical location of stream char(4) HJA Andrews Experimental Forest (HJA) OCH Cascade Head Experimental Forest MORA Mt. Rainier National Park HGBK Reference Watershed HGBK, Hagan RNA, Willamette NF OTSW Three Sisters Wilderness Area CMTN Carpenter Mountain Area, Blue River Ranger District, OR CMTN Trapper Creek Area, Wind River Ranger District OPCD Panther Creek Division, Wind River Experimental Forest OMS Middle Santiam, Sweet Home Ranger District MCLN McLennen Mountain, Blue River Ranger District, OR EFRK East Fork, Blue River Ranger District, OR OFR Foley Ridge Area, McKenzie Ranger District OFLN Alsea Ranger District, Flynn Creek STRM Name of stream char(4) MAC1 MACK CR, TRIBUTARY, FIRST ORDER OLD GROWTH, GENTLE SLOPES SE1/4 SW1/4 SECTION 25, T.15S, R5E MAC2 MACK CR, 2ND ORDER TRIBUTARY. OLD GROWTH , STEEP SLOPES, SECTION 36,T15S,R6E W1/2 SE 1/4 SECTION 36, T15S, R5E MAC3 MACK CR, 3RD ORDER, OLD GROWTH, STEEP SLOPES NW1/4 SW1/4 SECTION 36, T15S, R6E DVCL DEVILS CLUB, FIRST ORDER, OLD GROWTH, STEEP. NW 1/4 SW 1/4 SECTION 14, T15S R5E MC2A MCRAE CREEK TRIBUTARY, SECOND ORDER, OLD GROWTH GENTLE SLOPES.REACH A. NE1/4 SW1/4 SECTION 14, T15S, R5E MC2B MCRAE CREEK TRIBUTARY, SECOND ORDER, OLD GROWTH, GENTLE SLOPES.REACH B. SE1/4 SE1/4 SECTION 22, T15S, R5E MC1A MCRAE CREEK TRIBUTARY, FIRST ORDER, SECOND GROWTH, GENTLE. NE1/4 SW1/4 SECTION14, T15S, R5E ULOS UPPER LOOKOUT CREEK,3RD ORDER,OLD GROWTH,GENTLE. S1/2 SW1/4 SECT.29,T15S R5E ULOG UPPER LOOKOUT CREEK,3RD ORDER,OLD GROWTH,GENTLE. S1/2 SW1/4 SECT.29 T15S R6E GYP2 GYPSY CREEK, 2ND ORDER,OLD GROWTH,STEEP.E1/2 NE1/4 SECT29.W1/2 NW1/4 SECT28 T15S, R5E GYP1 GYPSY CREEK,FIRST ORDER,OLD GROWTH,STEEP.E1/2 NE1/4 SECT29 W1/2 NW1/4 SECT28 T15S, R5E OW2A WATERSHED 2-FIRST ORDER, OLD GROWTH, STEEP. SE1/4 SW1/4 SECT32 T15S, R5E OW2B WATERSHED 2-SECOND ORDER,OLD GROWTH,STEEP. SE1/4 SW1/4 SECT32 T15S,R5E OW80 WATERSHED 8-FIRST ORDER,OLD GROWTH,GENTLE. NE1/4 NE1/4 SECT14, T15S, R5E OW8S WATERSHED 8-FIRST ORDER,SECOND GROWTH,GENTLE,NE1/4 NE1/4 SECT14,T15S,R5E C75B CARPENTER 75B,2ND ORDER,,2ND GROWTH,GENTLE. NE1/4 SW1/4 SECT.1, T15S, R5E. RONY RONEY CREEK,2ND ORDER,2ND GROWTH, GENTLE. S1/2 N1/2 SEC.9,T175, R61/2E. MCLN MCLENNEN MTN. STREAM, 3RD ORDER,2ND GRWTH,GENTLE. NE1/4 NE1/4 SECT.10. SE1/4 SE1/4 SECT.3 SW1/4 SW1/4 SECT2. T175, R5E. EFRK EAST FRK,3RD ORDER,OLD GRWTH,GENTLE.E1/2 SE1/4 SEC.17, T175, R6E NELK NORTH FORK ELK CREEK, 3RD ORDER, OLD GROWTH, GENTLE. E1/2 SE1/4 SECT17 T195 R6E OMS MIDDLE SANTIAM TRIBUTARY, FIRST ORDER, OLD GROWTH,STEEP. SE1/4 NW1/4 SECT19 T125, R5E RNBO RAINBOW CREEK,THIRD ORDER, SECOND GROWTH, GENTLE. S1/2 NW1/4 SECT33 T165,R7E OFR FOLEY RIDGE, MCKENZIE R.D NHG1 NORTHFORK HAGAN, FIRST ORDER NHG2 NORTHFORK HAGAN, SECOND ORDER NHG3 NORTHFORK HAGAN, THIRD ORDER SHG3 SOUTHFORK HAGAN, THIRD ORDER OHAN OHANAPECOSH CREEK FLYN FLYNN CREEK CALF CALF CREEK MOU1 MOUSE CREEK, FIRST ORDER MOU2 MOUSE CREEK, SECOND ORDER MOU3 MOUSE CREEK, THIRD ORDER LUS1 LUSH CREEK, FIRST ORDER LUS2 LUSH CREEK, SECOND ORDER LUS3 LUSH CREEK, THIRD ORDER TR30 TRAPPER CREEK, THIRD ORDER TR20 TRAPPER CREEK, SECOND ORDER, OLD GROWTH TR2S TRAPPER CREEK, SECOND ORDER, SECOND GROWTH (TR25?) STRORDER Stream order char(1) 1 FIRST ORDER STREAM 2 SECOND ORDER STREAM 3 THIRD ORDER STREAM ORD1 Indicator variable for first order streams char(1) 1 FIRST ORDER STREAM 0 STREAM IS OTHER THAN FIRST ORDER ORD2 Indicator variable for second order streams char(1) 1 FIRST ORDER STREAM 0 STREAM IS OTHER THAN FIRST ORDER AGECL Age class of forest char(1) 1 OLD GROWTH STANDS 0 SECOND GROWTH STANDS SLCL Steepness class of slopes char(1) 1 STEEP SLOPES 0 GENTLE SLOPES PIECE Piece number, 30 pieces per stream char(3) Piece number, 30 pieces per stream DIREC Direction of origin from stream (n,s,e,w) char(2) N NORTH SIDE OF STREAM S SOUTH SIDE OF STREAM E EAST SIDE OF STREAM W WEST SIDE OF STREAM SPP Species code according to Garrison et al., 1972 char(5) ABAM Abies amabilis ACMA Acer macrophyllum ALRU Alnus rubra PISI Picea sitchensis PSME Pseudotsuga menziesii THPL Thuja plicata TSHE Tsuga heterophylla UNKN unknown plant CATG Category of piece(uproot,top,log) char(1) U UPROOT L LOG T TOP B LIMB STAT Mortality status of piece when entering stream char(1) L LIVING WHEN ENTERING STREAM D DEAD WHEN ENTERING STREAM DBH Dbh of origin of piece numeric(3,0) centimeters 1.000000 natural 11.0000 220.0000 ANGSL Slope angle at origin of piece numeric(2,0) degrees angle 1.000000 whole 0.0000 62.0000 SDP Slope distance from origin to piece. numeric(4,1) meters 0.100000 real 0.0000 61.0000 SDPH Horizontal slope distance- origin to piece..equals [cosine(angsl)xsdp] numeric(4,1) meters 0.100000 real 0.0000 57.6000 BDP Bench distance from origin to piece numeric(4,1) meters 0.100000 real 0.0000 42.3000 STDP Destance in stream, origin to piece (only applies if end of piece is in strm channel) numeric(4,1) meters 0.100000 real 0.0000 33.1000 TDPH Total horizontal distance-origin to piece. equals [sdph+bdp+stdp] numeric(4,1) meters 0.100000 real 0.0000 57.6000 SDS Slope distance from origin of piece to bench, if bench present, or to stream if no bench present. numeric(4,1) meters 0.100000 real 0.0000 64.5000 SDSH Horizontal slope distance from origin to bench, if bench present, or to strm if no bench. equals [cosine(angsl)xsds] numeric(4,1) meters 0.100000 real 0.0000 61.9000 BDS Bench distance from origin to stream, if bench present. numeric(4,1) meters 0.100000 real 0.0000 45.3000 TDSH Total horizontal distance from origin to stream. equals [sdsh+bds). numeric(4,1) meters 0.100000 real 0.0000 65.9000 LTC Length from end of piece to stream numeric(4,1) meters 0.100000 real 0.0000 67.3000 LIC Length of piece in stream channel numeric(4,1) meters 0.100000 real 0.3000 37.1000 LT Total length of piece numeric(4,1) meters 0.100000 real 0.8000 77.3000 DIAMP Diameter of piece at stream numeric(3,0) centimeters 1.000000 natural 10.0000 220.0000 ORIEN Orientation of piece at stream numeric(3,0) degrees angle 1.000000 whole 0.0000 200.0000 DISTANCE Horizontal perpendicular distance from origin of piece to stream (equals tdph*cos(orientation) numeric(4,1) meters 0.100000 real 0.0000 60.5000 NOTNULL TD01001.AGECL TD01001.ANGSL TD01001.BDP TD01001.BDS TD01001.CATG TD01001.DATACODE TD01001.DBH TD01001.DIAMP TD01001.DIREC TD01001.DISTANCE TD01001.FORMAT TD01001.LIC TD01001.LOCA TD01001.LT TD01001.LTC TD01001.ORD1 TD01001.ORD2 TD01001.STRORDER TD01001.ORIEN TD01001.PIECE TD01001.SDP TD01001.SDPH TD01001.SDS TD01001.SDSH TD01001.SLCL TD01001.SPP TD01001.STAT TD01001.STDP TD01001.STRM TD01001.TDPH TD01001.TDSH 1258 centimeters; .01 meters dimensionless number, i.e., ratio, count 360 degrees comprise a unit circle; degrees used for angle and slope meter; SI unit of length