A chronosequence of woody root decomposition in the Pacific Northwest, 1995 to 1997

uid=AND,o=lter,dc=ecoinformatics,dc=org all public read TD032 A chronosequence of woody root decomposition in the Pacific Northwest, 1995 to 1997 Mark E. Harmon

Oregon State University;Dept. of Forest Science;321 Richardson Hall Corvallis OR 97331-5752 USA

(541) 737-8455 (978) 724-0045 ext 223 mark.harmon@oregonstate.edu http://fes.forestry.oregonstate.edu/people?path=people/harmon-mark http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4195-8288 Mark E. Harmon

Oregon State University;Dept. of Forest Science;321 Richardson Hall Corvallis OR 97331-5752 USA

Biology Department ;University of Illinois at Springfield Springfield IL 62703 USA

217-206-8339 334-559-9354 hchen40@uis.edu Other Researcher Jack E. Janisch

Environmental Assessment Program ;Washington Department of Ecology ;P.O. Box 47600; Olympia WA 98504-7600 USA

360-407-6649 jaja461@ecy.wa.gov Other Researcher Becky Fasth

Oregon State University;College of Forestry;Dept. of Forest Ecosystems and Society; 201L Richardson Hall Corvallis OR 97331 USA

(541) 737-8431 (541) 737-8460 becky.fasth@oregonstate.edu Abstractor Mark E. Harmon

Oregon State University;Dept. of Forest Science;321 Richardson Hall Corvallis OR 97331-5752 USA

(541) 737-8455 (978) 724-0045 ext 223 mark.harmon@oregonstate.edu http://fes.forestry.oregonstate.edu/people?path=people/harmon-mark http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4195-8288 Creator 2016-11-15 Decomposition of woody roots in Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carrière), Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco), and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa P. Laws. ex C. Laws.) dominated forests in Oregon, U.S.A. was studied using a chronosequence. Roots of five coniferous species were excavated from stumps with ages up to 46 years old. A structural component-oriented approach may provide a better solution to predicting the long-term woody root decomposition than that provided by initial substrate quality indices. This approach examines the decomposition of different components of woody roots separately to predict whole root decomposition. chronosequences decomposition inorganic nutrients nitrogen organic matter roots LTER controlled vocabulary inorganic nutrients organic matter LTER core research areas Related PublicationsChen, Hua. 1999. Root decomposition in three coniferous forests: effects of substrate quality, temperature, and moisture. Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University. 218 p. Ph.D. dissertation.Chen, Hua; Harmon, Mark E.; Griffiths, Robert P.; Hicks, William. 2000. Effects of temperature and moisture on carbon respired from decomposing woody roots. Forest Ecology and Management. 138: 51-64.Chen, Hua; Harmon, Mark E.; Griffiths, Robert P. 2001. Decomposition and nitrogen release from decomposing woody roots in coniferous forests of the Pacific Northwest: a chronosequence approach. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 31: 246-260.Chen, Hua; Hicks, William. 2003. High asymbiotic N2 fixation rates in woody roots after six years of decomposition: controls and implications. Basic and Applied Ecology. 4: 479-486. Data Use Agreement: The re-use of scientific data has the potential to greatly increase communication, collaboration and synthesis within and among disciplines, and thus is fostered, supported and encouraged. This Data Set is released under the Creative Commons license CC BY "Attribution" (see: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Creative Commons license CC BY - Attribution is a license that allows others to distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon your work (even commercially), as long as you are credited for the original creation. This license accommodates maximum dissemination and use of licensed materials. It is considered professional conduct and an ethical obligation to acknowledge the work of other scientists. The Data User is asked to provide attribution of the original work if this data package is shared in whole or by individual parts or used in the derivation of other products. A recommended citation is provided for each Data Set in the Andrews LTER data catalog (see: http://andlter.forestry.oregonstate.edu/data/catalog/datacatalog.aspx). A generic citation is also provided for this Data Set on the website https://portal.edirepository.org in the summary metadata page. Data Users are thus strongly encouraged to consider consultation, collaboration and/or co-authorship with the Data Set Creator. While substantial efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of data and associated documentation, complete accuracy of data sets cannot be guaranteed and all data are made available "as is." The Data User should be aware, however, that data are updated periodically and it is the responsibility of the Data User to check for new versions of the data. The data authors and the repository where these data were obtained shall not be liable for damages resulting from any use or misinterpretation of the data. General acknowledgement: Data were provided by the HJ Andrews Experimental Forest research program, funded by the National Science Foundation's Long-Term Ecological Research Program (DEB 2025755), US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, and Oregon State University. http://andlter.forestry.oregonstate.edu/data/abstract.aspx?dbcode=TD032 1995-06-01 1997-06-01 All Organisms All Organisms Highest common category (ca. kingdom) Plantae Division or Phylum Coniferophyta Class Pinopsida Order Pinales Family Pinaceae Genus Tsuga Species Tsuga heterophylla Genus Picea Species Picea sitchensis Genus Pinus Species Pinus ponderosa Species Pinus contorta Genus Pseudotsuga Species Pseudotsuga menziesii To study root decomposition of five tree species in forests of the Pacific Northwest.

An update history is logged and maintained with each new version of every dataset.

notPlanned Original metadata creation Version1 2005-06-22 Moved database to SQL server Version2 2005-06-22 Preparing dataset for upload to PASTA. Need to recreate CSV file. Changed STCODE to DBCODE and Format to Entity. Data used CAH for Cascade Head site, but CHE was enumerated. Changed enumeration. Chen Hua used CAH in his dissertation. Added PK. Added 1 or 2 to some samp_no to deal with duplicates. Ran QC. Added an experimental design from a paper and updated abstract and other methods. Version6 2016-11-15 Information Manager

Andrews Forest LTER Program US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station 3200 SW Jefferson Way Corvallis OR 97331

hjaweb@fsl.orst.edu http://andrewsforest.oregonstate.edu/ Mark E. Harmon

Oregon State University;Dept. of Forest Science;321 Richardson Hall Corvallis OR 97331-5752 USA

(541) 737-8455 (978) 724-0045 ext 223 mark.harmon@oregonstate.edu http://fes.forestry.oregonstate.edu/people?path=people/harmon-mark http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4195-8288 Andrews Forest LTER Site

Forest Ecosystems and Society Department in Forestry Oregon State University 201K Richardson Hall Corvallis OR 97331-5752

(541) 737-8480 lterweb@fsl.orst.edu http://andrewsforest.oregonstate.edu/ Field Methods - TD032 Three to five stumps were selected for each species at each stand. We avoided "living" stumps to reduce the time lag between when the tree was cut and when the roots died. Woody roots (diameter greater than 1 cm) were collected by excavating the root systems of chosen stumps at each stand. These roots were sorted into two size classes: small roots (diameter 1-5 cm) and large roots (diameter 5-10 cm, occasionally up to 15 cm). After excavating the soil surrounding roots, 10-20 cm long samples were removed using a handsaw, reciprocating saw, or in the case of very large roots a chainsaw. After removal, the dimension of each root sample was recorded in the field, including the average outermost diameter, the average longitudinal length, average bark thickness, and bark cover in percent. Each average was based on the mean of three measurements. Then the average root wood diameter and longitudinal length were recorded after removing the bark. If a resin core was present, its length and diameter were measured after separating it from the wood. Bark cover was estimated visually, or if this was not possible, we measured the entire bark surface area by forming bark pieces into a regular shape such as a rectangle. For very old decomposing roots, bark could not be recovered completely during root excavation. However, this occurred rarely and the results of bark decomposition should not be influenced significantly. The whole volume of each root was calculated from the formula for a cylinder. V = *( D2 * L)/(4) where V is the volume, D is the average outermost diameter and L is the average longitudinal length. The root wood volume was calculated by the same formula using average root wood diameter instead of average outermost diameter if resin cores were not present. The bark volume of roots was based on the difference between the volumes of whole roots and root wood. If resin cores were present the volume of root wood was the difference of the entire root wood (including resin cores) volume and the resin core's volume. Laboratory Methods - TD032 Root samples were returned to the laboratory and were dried to a constant mass at 55°C and weighed. Densities of bark, wood, and resin cores of each individual root sample were calculated as the oven dry weight divided by its green volume. The density of whole roots was obtained based on the density of each component and their proportion of total volume. Dried root samples were ground in a Wiley mill and passed through a fine screen (1 mm). Samples were stored in 20 ml vials to prevent moisture changes prior to analyses for ash and nitrogen. One chronosequence of commercially thinned and clear-cut stands was located at each site. Current stand vigor and locations, as well as thinning or cutting ages, were considered during stand selection. Vigorous forest stands indicated, to some degree, that the previous stands were healthy and the chance of root rot was small. All sampled stands at each site were close to each other and similar in elevation, topography, and soil type. At CAH, the chronosequence included seven stands. Of these stands, woody roots of Sitka spruce were taken from trees that were cut or thinned 7, 20, 33, 37, and 46 years prior to sampling. Root samples of western hemlock were obtained from trees cut 2, 7, 10, 16, 20, 33, and 37 years prior to sampling. The second chronosequence, located in the western hemlock zone (300–1550 m elevation) at HJA, included eight different stands. Of these stands, woody roots of Douglas-fir were taken from trees that were cut or thinned 8, 10, 14, 21, 31, 36, 40, and 45 years prior to sampling. Root samples of western hemlock were obtained from trees cut 8, 10, 14, 25, 31, and 36 years prior to sampling. The third chronosequence was located at PRF, where ponderosa pine roots were sampled at six stands. Woody roots of ponderosa pine were sampled from trees that were cut or thinned 4, 7, 10, 19, 22, and 25 years prior to sampling. Lodgepole pine roots were obtained from trees cut 7, 10, 16, 19, 22, and 28 years prior to sampling. Samples of undecayed woody roots from fresh uprooted trees of these species were sampled to serve as controls. Andrews Experimental Forest (HJA) -122.26172200 -122.10084700 44.28196400 44.19770400 1631 1631 meter Cascade Head Experimental Forest OR (TD027) -123.99172777 -123.89730000 45.06476948 45.03130000 Long-Term Ecological Research Sherri L. Johnson

US Forest Service ;Pacific NW Research Station ;3200 SW Jefferson Way Corvallis OR 97331 USA

541-758-7771 sherri.johnson2@usda.gov sherri.johnson@oregonstate.edu https://www.fs.fed.us/research/people/profile.php?alias=sherrijohnson Principal Investigator Julia A. Jones

Oregon State University;Department of Geosciences; Wilkinson Hall 104 Corvallis OR 97331-5506 USA

(541) 737-1224 Julia.Jones@oregonstate.edu geojulia@comcast.net http://ceoas.oregonstate.edu/profile/jones/ http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9429-8925 Principal Investigator Matthew G Betts

Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society; 201E Richardson Hall; College of Forestry; Oregon State University Corvallis OR 97331

(541) 737-3841 matt.betts@oregonstate.edu http://www.fsl.orst.edu/flel/index.htm Principal Investigator Michael P. Nelson

Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society; 201K Richarson Hall; College of Forestry; Oregon State University Corvallis OR 97331

541-737-9221 mpnelson@oregonstate.edu http://www.michaelpnelson.com http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6917-4752 Principal Investigator David Bell david.bell@usda.gov david.bell@oregonstate.edu https://lemma.forestry.oregonstate.edu/about/david-bell Principal Investigator The H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest is a living laboratory that provides unparalleled opportunities for the study of forest and stream ecosystems in the central Cascade Range of Oregon. Since 1980, as a part of the National Science Foundation Long Term Ecological Research (NSF-LTER) program, the Andrews Experimental Forest has become a leader in the analysis of forest and stream ecosystem dynamics. Long-term field experiments and measurement programs have focused on climate dynamics, streamflow, water quality, and vegetation succession. Currently researchers are working to develop concepts and tools needed to predict effects of natural disturbance, land use, and climate change on ecosystem structure, function, and species composition. The Andrews Experimental Forest is administered cooperatively by the USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, Oregon State University and the Willamette National Forest. Funding for the research program comes from the National Science Foundation (NSF), US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, Oregon State University, and other sources. Data were provided by the HJ Andrews Experimental Forest research program, funded by the National Science Foundation's Long-Term Ecological Research Program (DEB 2025755), US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, and Oregon State University. National Science Foundation: DEB1440409 The Andrews Forest is situated in the western Cascade Range of Oregon, and covers the entire 15,800-acre (6400-ha) drainage basin of Lookout Creek. Elevation ranges from 1350 to 5340 feet (410 to 1630 m). Broadly representative of the rugged mountainous landscape of the Pacific Northwest, the Andrews Forest contains excellent examples of the region's conifer forests and associated wildlife and stream ecosystems. These forests are among the tallest and most productive in the world, with tree heights of often greater than 250 ft (75 m). Streams are steep, cold and clean, providing habitat for numerous aquatic organisms. 1 TD03201 SAMPLE DIMENSIONS, WEIGHTS, AND DENSITIES: TD03201.csv 140274 f2a0e9166b925dfa4bcb90067fb014dc 1 \r\n column , " http://andlter.forestry.oregonstate.edu/ltermeta/ltersearch/dataaccess.aspx?docid=TD03201_v2.csv DBCODE FSDB database code char(5) TD032 FSDB database code TD032 ENTITY Entity number numeric(1,0) number 1.000000 integer 1.0000 1.0000 SITE Site where woody root was collected char(3) HJA H.j. andrews experimental forest oregon, pre-1996 WRE Wind river experimental forest PRF Pringle falls experimental forest CAH Cascade head experimental forest STAND Name of forest stand, sometimes reflects year cut char(5) Name of forest stand, sometimes reflects year cut DECAY_AGE Amount of years passed since death of tree numeric(2,0) number of years 1.000000 integer 0.0000 50.0000 SPECIES Species of woody root sample char(4) PISI Picea sitchensis PICO Pinus contorta PIPO Pinus ponderosa PSME Pseudotsuga menziesii TSHE Tsuga heterophylla SAMP_NUM Unique number for individual sample, last letter indicates tissue type char(9) Unique number for individual sample, last letter indicates tissue type CUMM_DIAM Outer diameter of each tissue type within a sample numeric(6,1) millimeters 0.100000 real 0.0000 290.0000 LONGITUDE Longitudinal length of sample numeric(6,1) millimeters 0.100000 real 0.0000 480.0000 PROPORTION Proportion of ideal volume that the tissue type represents numeric(3,1) number 0.100000 real 0.0000 1.0000 IDEAL_VOL Volume based on outer diameter for enitre woody root numeric(8,2) cubic centimeters 0.010000 real 1.0300 5813.7100 TRUE_VOL Volume of individual tissue type within woody root numeric(8,2) cubic centimeters 0.010000 real -796.1900 3534.8201 WET_WT Field wet weight of sample numeric(8,2) grams 0.010000 real 0.0000 2683.0000 DRY_WT Final oven dry weight numeric(8,2) grams 0.010000 real 0.0000 1157.7000 MOISTURE Percent moisture numeric(6,2) percent 0.010000 real -44.4400 4676.7002 DENSITY Density of sample numeric(5,3) grams per cubic centimeter 0.001000 real 0.0000 7.8640 PRIMARY TD03201.SITE TD03201.SAMP_NUM TD03201.STAND TD03201.SPECIES NOTNULL TD03201.SITE TD03201.SAMP_NUM TD03201.STAND TD03201.DBCODE TD03201.SPECIES TD03201.CUMM_DIAM TD03201.DECAY_AGE TD03201.ENTITY TD03201.LONGITUDE 1605 2 TD03202 SAMPLE ASH, NITROGEN, AND ASH-FREE DENSITY: TD03202.csv 66656 a8a1174cc966b13b3da82cdc7109829c 1 \r\n column , " http://andlter.forestry.oregonstate.edu/ltermeta/ltersearch/dataaccess.aspx?docid=TD03202_v2.csv DBCODE FSDB database code char(5) TD032 FSDB database code TD032 ENTITY Entity number numeric(1,0) number 1.000000 integer 2.0000 2.0000 SITE Site where woody root was collected char(3) HJA H.j. andrews experimental forest oregon, pre-1996 WRE Wind river experimental forest PRF Pringle falls experimental forest CAH Cascade head experimental forest SAMP_NUM Unique number for individual sample, last letter indicates tissue type char(9) Unique number for individual sample, last letter indicates tissue type SPECIES Species of woody root sample char(4) PISI Picea sitchensis PICO Pinus contorta PIPO Pinus ponderosa PSME Pseudotsuga menziesii TSHE Tsuga heterophylla TYPE Woody root tissue type char(1) S Sapwood H Heartwood R Resin core B Bark ASH Percent of sample composed of ash numeric(6,2) percent 0.010000 real -1.0300 93.8100 NITROGEN Percent of sample composed of nitrogen numeric(6,2) percent 0.010000 real 0.0100 1.5400 LABEL Number assigned by lab numeric(4,0) number 1.000000 integer 1.0000 1401.0000 CUMM_DIAM Outer diameter of each tissue type within a sample numeric(6,1) millimeters 0.100000 real 4.6000 290.0000 AF_DENSITY Ash-free density numeric(5,3) grams per cubic centimeter 0.001000 real 0.0000 3.7290 PRIMARY TD03202.SITE TD03202.SAMP_NUM TD03202.SPECIES NOTNULL TD03202.SITE TD03202.TYPE TD03202.SAMP_NUM TD03202.DBCODE TD03202.SPECIES TD03202.ENTITY TD03202.LABEL 1189 one year excluding leap seconds and leap days, 31536000 seconds (often used for age in years) cubic centimeters grams; 0.001 kilogram grams per cubic centimeter millimeters; .001 meters dimensionless number, i.e., ratio, count percent; a number