HF010: Stream stage and water table elevation in hyporheic and ground water from McRae Ck well network, Andrews Experimental Forest, 1989-1993
Notice
"As Is" Basis: All content, including maps and forecasts, is provided without warranties. Users are advised to independently verify critical information.
Citation
Wondzell, S. 2016. Stream stage and water table elevation in hyporheic and ground water from McRae Ck well network, Andrews Experimental Forest, 1989-1993 Long-Term Ecological Research Andrews Forest LTER Site. [Database]. Available: https://andrewsforest-stage.forestry.oregonstate.edu/data/fsdb-data-catalog/HF010 Accessed 2026-05-10.
Abstract
Measurements of stream stage of McRae Ck and water table heights from a network of shallow wells located adjacent to the stream. Data were collected from September 1989 to September 1992 on an irregular basis to sample both baseflow periods and storm events across seasons of the year. Stage height was read from staff plates permanently located at several location in the mainstem channel and in a small back channel; water table elevations were measured with a weighted measuring tape with a visible signal when the tape touched the water in the well.
Coverage
Temporal coverage: 1989-09-14 to 1993-03-25
Geographic coverage: N/A
Bounds: W N/A, E N/A, N N/A, S N/A
Purpose
- To monitor changes in flows of stream water, hyporheic water and groundwater among seasons of the year and during storms in the fall, winter and spring. Data were used to parameterize a groundwater flow model (MODFLOW) which was then used to estimate fluxes of hyporheic water and groundwater through the study site. Water flux estimates were combined with water chemistry data (see CF004) to estimate nitrogen fluxes.
Project
Title: Long-Term Ecological Research
Personnel
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Sherri L. Johnson - Principal Investigator US Forest Service ;Pacific NW Research Station ;3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USAPhone: 541-758-7771Email: sherri.johnson2@usda.gov, sherri.johnson@oregonstate.edu
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Julia A. Jones - Principal Investigator Oregon State University;Department of Geosciences; Wilkinson Hall 104, Corvallis, OR, 97331-5506, USAPhone: (541) 737-1224Email: Julia.Jones@oregonstate.edu, geojulia@comcast.netORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9429-8925
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Matthew G Betts - Principal Investigator Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society; 201E Richardson Hall; College of Forestry; Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331Phone: (541) 737-3841Email: matt.betts@oregonstate.edu
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Michael P. Nelson - Principal Investigator Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society; 201K Richarson Hall; College of Forestry; Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331Phone: 541-737-9221Email: mpnelson@oregonstate.eduORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6917-4752
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David Bell - Principal Investigator Email: david.bell@usda.gov, david.bell@oregonstate.edu
Abstract
- The H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest is a living laboratory that provides unparalleled opportunities for the study of forest and stream ecosystems in the central Cascade Range of Oregon. Since 1980, as a part of the National Science Foundation Long Term Ecological Research (NSF-LTER) program, the Andrews Experimental Forest has become a leader in the analysis of forest and stream ecosystem dynamics.
- Long-term field experiments and measurement programs have focused on climate dynamics, streamflow, water quality, and vegetation succession. Currently researchers are working to develop concepts and tools needed to predict effects of natural disturbance, land use, and climate change on ecosystem structure, function, and species composition.
- The Andrews Experimental Forest is administered cooperatively by the USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, Oregon State University and the Willamette National Forest. Funding for the research program comes from the National Science Foundation (NSF), US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, Oregon State University, and other sources.
Funding
Data were provided by the HJ Andrews Experimental Forest research program, funded by the National Science Foundation's Long-Term Ecological Research Program (DEB 2025755), US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, and Oregon State University. National Science Foundation: DEB1440409
Study Area Description
-
Long-Term Ecological Research The Andrews Forest is situated in the western Cascade Range of Oregon, and covers the entire 15,800-acre (6400-ha) drainage basin of Lookout Creek. Elevation ranges from 1350 to 5340 feet (410 to 1630 m). Broadly representative of the rugged mountainous landscape of the Pacific Northwest, the Andrews Forest contains excellent examples of the region's conifer forests and associated wildlife and stream ecosystems. These forests are among the tallest and most productive in the world, with tree heights of often greater than 250 ft (75 m). Streams are steep, cold and clean, providing habitat for numerous aquatic organisms.
Associated Party
-
Steven M. Wondzell
Role: Principal InvestigatorPacific Northwest Research Station; Corvallis Forestry Sciences Lab; 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USAPhone: 541-758-8753Email: steve.wondzell@usda.gov
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Steven M. Wondzell
Role: AbstractorPacific Northwest Research Station; Corvallis Forestry Sciences Lab; 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USAPhone: 541-758-8753Email: steve.wondzell@usda.gov
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Steven M. Wondzell
Role: CreatorPacific Northwest Research Station; Corvallis Forestry Sciences Lab; 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USAPhone: 541-758-8753Email: steve.wondzell@usda.gov
Contact
-
Information Manager
Andrews Forest LTER Program, US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR, 97331Email: hjaweb@fsl.orst.edu
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Donald L. Henshaw
Pacific Northwest Research Station; Corvallis Forestry Sciences Lab; 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331Email: hja_admin@fsl.orst.edu
Publisher
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Andrews Forest LTER Site
Role: PublisherForest Ecosystems and Society Department in Forestry, Oregon State University, 201K Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR, 97331-5752Phone: (541) 737-8480Email: lterweb@fsl.orst.edu
Study Description
Measurements of stream stage of McRae Ck and water table heights from a network of shallow wells located adjacent to the stream. Data were collected from September 1989 to September 1992 on an irregular basis to sample both baseflow periods and storm events across seasons of the year. Stage height was read from staff plates permanently located at several location in the mainstem channel and in a small back channel; water table elevations were measured with a weighted measuring tape with a visible signal when the tape touched the water in the well. To monitor changes in flows of stream water, hyporheic water and groundwater among seasons of the year and during storms in the fall, winter and spring. Data were used to parameterize a groundwater flow model (MODFLOW) which was then used to estimate fluxes of hyporheic water and groundwater through the study site. Water flux estimates were combined with water chemistry data (see CF004) to estimate nitrogen fluxes. Field Methods - HF010
Purpose: To monitor changes in flows of stream water, hyporheic water and groundwater among seasons of the year and during storms in the fall, winter and spring. Data were used to parameterize a groundwater flow model (MODFLOW) which was then used to estimate fluxes of hyporheic water and groundwater through the study site. Water flux estimates were combined with water chemistry data (see CF004) to estimate nitrogen fluxes.
Methods
Method Steps
Field Methods - HF010
- Wells and well transects
- Two types of wells were used in this study: observation wells to measure water table elevations and sample wells to collect interstitial water. Water depths were only measured from observation wells. Casings for observation wells were made from PVC pipe and screened by drilling 0.32 cm diameter holes into the bottom 50 cm of each PVC pipe, at an approximate density of 1 hole/cm.
- All wells were driven by hand because the study site had no road access. Large cobbles and boulders throughout the study site hindered well placement so that the deepest wells penetrated only 2.5 m below the ground surface. Wherever possible, wells were placed in holes driven at least 50 cm below the surface of the water table at summer baseflow. Holes were back filled with the soil originally removed and, if necessary, additional fill was taken from nearby soil pits or recent root-throw pits. Following installation of the wells, back fill was washed and entrained sediments were removed from the well casing by repeated pumping.
- A single transect of wells was established during late summer in 1989 as a pilot study. Additional transects of wells were installed during the summer of 1990 and an additional 18 wells were established on, and adjacent to, the gravel bar during 1991 and 1992.
- Water depths and water table elevations:
- Water depths measured from the well network were converted to elevation referenced to an arbitrary bench mark. All wells were surveyed and water table elevations were found by subtracting the depth to the free water (measured from the well head) from the surveyed elevation of the well head. Water depths were measured using a home-made depth sound consisting of a analog multi-meter and wire leads attached to a measuring tape. The multi-meter was set to record resistance. The tip of the wire leads were exposed and when dipped in water, the change in resistance would cause the multi-meter=s needle to jump. Measurement precision was excellent (" 1 mm). Overall, accuracy was somewhat less. Repeated surveys of well head heights had a precision of (" 1 cm). Further, the measuring tape with its attached wires would not hang perfectly straight nor were all wells exactly vertical. Expected accuracy of measurements is (" 2 cm).
Sampling
Study Extent
- The McRae Creek study site was about 200 m long and 80 m wide and was located along the eastern bank of an unconstrained stream reach (see Figure). A complex of landforms is present within the study site, including a recently formed gravel bar, older floodplain surfaces, and terraces. Sediment of the gravel bar and stream channel is a poorly sorted mix of sand, gravel, cobbles, and boulders more than 1.5 m in depth. A layer of rounded, stream-worked cobbles and boulders, 10 to 50 cm in diameter, is present at 1 to 3 m depth within the floodplain. The sediment overlying this layer varies in texture from loam to fine sand. A small seep is present along the boundary between the terrace and floodplain, but is not gauged. There is no surface flow from this seep during late summer. Flows increase during the winter rainy season, and peak during storms.
- Sampling frequency: irregular
Sampling Description
- A network of wells was installed on a gravel bar and a portion of the adjacent floodplain of McRae Creek (see Figure) between 1989 and 1992. Water depths were measured in each well to monitor changes in the elevation of ground water and hyporheic water among seasons and within storms.
Spatial Sampling Units
-
McRae Creek
W -122.20859020, E -122.13943300, N 44.27311600, S 44.23328700
Software
No software entries listed in this EML file.
Keywords
- LTER controlled vocabulary: hydrology (theme), storms (theme), disturbance (theme), physical processes (theme), hydrologic processes (theme), streamflow (theme), modeling (theme), inorganic nutrients (theme), groundwater (theme), hyporheic zone (theme), forests (theme), aquatic ecosystems (theme), streams (theme)
- Andrews Experimental Forest site thesaurus: peak flows (theme), low flows (theme)
- LTER core research areas: disturbance (theme), inorganic nutrients (theme)
Taxonomic Hierarchy
No taxonomic hierarchy listed in this EML file.
Data Entities
| # | Entity | Metadata | Data |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |
HF01001
HF01001 Stream hyporheic and ground water elevations from the McRae Creek network: |
METADATA | DATA |
| 2 |
HF01002
HF01002 Descriptions of wells (locations): |
METADATA | DATA |
Metadata
HF01001 - HF01001
Object name: HF01001.csv
Records: N/A
Attributes: 8
File size: 323607 byte
Checksum (MD5): a2153991eb9010f00ea16b671d2b8063
Format: headers=1, recordDelimiter=\r\n, fieldDelimiter=,, quoteCharacter=", orientation=column
Constraints (2)
-
primaryKey: PRIMARY HF01001.LOCATION, HF01001.DATE_TIME
-
notNullConstraint: NOTNULL HF01001.ENTITY, HF01001.DBCODE, HF01001.LOCATION, HF01001.H2OELEV, HF01001.JULIAN_DATE, HF01001.DATE_TIME
Attributes (8)
DBCODE - char(10) (nominal)
ID: HF01001.DBCODE
Database code
Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008
Code definitions (1)
-
HF010
FSDB database code
ENTITY - numeric(2,0) (interval)
ID: HF01001.ENTITY
Entity number
Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008
Unit: number
Precision: 1
Numeric domain: type=natural, min=1.0000 (exclusive=false), max=1.0000 (exclusive=false)
DATE_TIME - datetime (dateTime)
ID: HF01001.DATE_TIME
Date and time of depth measurement
Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008
Date format: YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss
JULIAN_DATE - numeric(7,0) (interval)
ID: HF01001.JULIAN_DATE
Julian date (yyyyddd) of depth measurement
Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008
Unit: number
Precision: 1.000000
Numeric domain: type=natural, min=1989248.0000 (exclusive=false), max=1993084.0000 (exclusive=false)
LOCATION - char(8) (nominal)
ID: HF01001.LOCATION
Location of well. ST-EST*=stream wtr elev at 10 m intervals along reach; P*=obs wells; G*=wells on gravel bars; rest are stream and back channel (see map)
Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008
H2OELEV - numeric(7,1) (ratio)
ID: HF01001.H2OELEV
Elevation of water table of stream stage where all locations are measured relative to a single, arbitrarily located bench mark.
Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008
Unit: centimeters
Precision: 0.100000
Numeric domain: type=real, min=-310.2000 (exclusive=false), max=710.4000 (exclusive=false)
H2ODEPTH - numeric(7,1) (ratio)
ID: HF01001.H2ODEPTH
Depth to water, measured from top of well or at height of water in stream
Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008
Unit: centimeters
Precision: 0.100000
Numeric domain: type=real, min=17.3000 (exclusive=false), max=291.2000 (exclusive=false)
NOTE - char(8) (nominal)
ID: HF01001.NOTE
Flags the few depth measurements collected in units of hundreds of feet
Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008
Code definitions (2)
-
hft
Flags depth measurements recorded in hundredths of feet (instead of cm)
-
dry
Denotes a dry well
HF01002 - HF01002
Object name: HF01002.csv
Records: N/A
Attributes: 14
File size: 9200 byte
Checksum (MD5): ca602de145cafbd33aa70b4a0c4f9e77
Format: headers=1, recordDelimiter=\r\n, fieldDelimiter=,, quoteCharacter=", orientation=column
Constraints (2)
-
primaryKey: PRIMARY HF01002.LOCATION
-
notNullConstraint: NOTNULL HF01002.LANDFORM, HF01002.LOCATION
Attributes (14)
DBCODE - char(10) (nominal)
ID: HF01002.DBCODE
Database code
Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008
Code definitions (1)
-
HF010
FSDB database code
ENTITY - numeric(2,0) (interval)
ID: HF01002.ENTITY
Entity number
Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008
Unit: number
Precision: 1
Numeric domain: type=natural, min=2.0000 (exclusive=false), max=2.0000 (exclusive=false)
LOCATION - char(8) (nominal)
ID: HF01002.LOCATION
Location of well. ST-EST*=stream wtr elev at 10 m intervals along reach; P*=obs wells; G*=wells on gravel bars; rest are stream and back channel (see map)
Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008
SYNONYM - char(9) (nominal)
ID: HF01002.SYNONYM
Old temporary name given to the location in the field notes
Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008
DATE_ESTABLISH - date (dateTime)
ID: HF01002.DATE_ESTABLISH
Date well was established or date of first sample collection at a given location
Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008
Date format: YYYY-MM-DD
LENGTH - numeric(5,1) (ratio)
ID: HF01002.LENGTH
Total length of well
Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008
Unit: centimeters
Precision: 0.100000
Numeric domain: type=real, min=86.9000 (exclusive=false), max=307.2000 (exclusive=false)
HEIGHT - numeric(5,1) (ratio)
ID: HF01002.HEIGHT
Length of well casing extending above the ground surface
Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008
Unit: centimeters
Precision: 0.100000
Numeric domain: type=real, min=1.5000 (exclusive=false), max=100.0000 (exclusive=false)
SCREEN - numeric(5,1) (ratio)
ID: HF01002.SCREEN
Length of well casing 'screened' by drilling small holes into the casing (measured from bottom of well)
Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008
Unit: centimeters
Precision: 0.100000
Numeric domain: type=real, min=48.6000 (exclusive=false), max=50.2000 (exclusive=false)
WELLHEAD - numeric(6,3) (ratio)
ID: HF01002.WELLHEAD
Elevation of the top of the well casing relative to a single, arbitrarily chosen bench mark.
Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008
Unit: meters
Precision: 0.001000
Numeric domain: type=real, min=-2.8980 (exclusive=false), max=12.4110 (exclusive=false)
GROUND - numeric(6,3) (ratio)
ID: HF01002.GROUND
Elevation of ground surface at the well relative to a single, arbitrarily chosen bench mark.
Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008
Unit: meters
Precision: 0.001000
Numeric domain: type=real, min=-1.5820 (exclusive=false), max=11.8730 (exclusive=false)
XCOORD - numeric(4,1) (ratio)
ID: HF01002.XCOORD
X coordinate for location from benchmark
Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008
Unit: meters
Precision: 0.100000
Numeric domain: type=real, min=0.0000 (exclusive=false), max=75.0000 (exclusive=false)
YCOORD - numeric(5,1) (ratio)
ID: HF01002.YCOORD
Y coordinate for location from benchmark
Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008
Unit: meters
Precision: 0.100000
Numeric domain: type=real, min=3.0000 (exclusive=false), max=195.5000 (exclusive=false)
KSAT - numeric(5,3) (ratio)
ID: HF01002.KSAT
Saturated hydraulic conductivity
Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008
Unit: meters per day
Precision: 0.001000
Numeric domain: type=real, min=0.0230 (exclusive=false), max=0.9130 (exclusive=false)
LANDFORM - char(9) (nominal)
ID: HF01002.LANDFORM
Type of landfrom on which each item is located. corresponds to study CF004 landform variable
Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008
Code definitions (9)
-
STREAMBED
Streambed of McRae Creek
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TRIB
Tributary stream
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TERRACE
Terrace
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FAN
Alluvial fan
-
STREAM
Mcrae creek
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FLOOD
Flood plain
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GRAVEL
Gravel bar
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STLET
Back channel
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SEEP
Seep or spring
Units
| number | number | dimensionless | number | dimensionless | 1 | dimensionless number, i.e., ratio, count |
| meters per day | m/day | speed | meterPerDay | meterPerSecond | 0.000011574 | meters per day |
| centimeters | cm | length | centimeter | meter | 0.01 | centimeters; .01 meters |
| meters | m | length | meter | meter | 1 | meter; SI unit of length |
Intellectual Rights
Data Use Agreement:
The re-use of scientific data has the potential to greatly increase communication, collaboration and synthesis within and among disciplines, and thus is fostered, supported and encouraged. This Data Set is released under the Creative Commons license CC BY "Attribution" (see: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Creative Commons license CC BY - Attribution is a license that allows others to distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon your work (even commercially), as long as you are credited for the original creation. This license accommodates maximum dissemination and use of licensed materials.
It is considered professional conduct and an ethical obligation to acknowledge the work of other scientists. The Data User is asked to provide attribution of the original work if this data package is shared in whole or by individual parts or used in the derivation of other products. A recommended citation is provided for each Data Set in the Andrews LTER data catalog (see: http://andlter.forestry.oregonstate.edu/data/catalog/datacatalog.aspx). A generic citation is also provided for this Data Set on the website https://portal.edirepository.org in the summary metadata page. Data Users are thus strongly encouraged to consider consultation, collaboration and/or co-authorship with the Data Set Creator.
While substantial efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of data and associated documentation, complete accuracy of data sets cannot be guaranteed and all data are made available "as is." The Data User should be aware, however, that data are updated periodically and it is the responsibility of the Data User to check for new versions of the data. The data authors and the repository where these data were obtained shall not be liable for damages resulting from any use or misinterpretation of the data.
General acknowledgement: Data were provided by the HJ Andrews Experimental Forest research program, funded by the National Science Foundation's Long-Term Ecological Research Program (DEB 2025755), US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, and Oregon State University.
Licensed
License: N/A
Maintenance
Maintenance update frequency: notPlanned
Description
- An update history is logged and maintained with each new version of every dataset.
Change History
-
Version1 (2000-04-04) Original metadata creation
-
Version2 (2005-04-15) Moved database to SQL server
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Version7 (2016-11-01) Updated with true datetime and other minor attribute name and definition changes, Preparation for putting into PASTA.