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HF011: Stream tracer experiments to assess channel and hyporheic residence times of streams in the Andrews Experimental Forest in 2001 & 2002

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Status: notPlanned
Period: 2001-04-21 to 2001-07-18
Version: 7
Published: 2016-12-20
EDI Package ID: knb-lter-and.3194.7
Source XML: HF011_7.xml

Notice

"As Is" Basis: All content, including maps and forecasts, is provided without warranties. Users are advised to independently verify critical information.

Citation

Wondzell, S.; Haggerty, R. 2016. Stream tracer experiments to assess channel and hyporheic residence times of streams in the Andrews Experimental Forest in 2001 & 2002 Long-Term Ecological Research Andrews Forest LTER Site. [Database]. Available: https://andrewsforest-stage.forestry.oregonstate.edu/data/fsdb-data-catalog/HF011 Accessed 2026-05-10.

Abstract

Time series of tracer (Rhodamine WT) concentration data representing a "break-through curve" resulting from a stream tracer injection. Stream tracer experiments were conducted in the lower reach of 2nd-order Watershed 3 in April, 2001, and 2 adjacent reaches of 4th-order Lookout Creek in July, 2002. Rhodamine WT dye was injected as a pulse (non-continuous injection). Concentration data were collected in the field at early time using a field fluorometer equipped with a flow-through cell. Late-time samples collected with an ISCO auto sampler, which were analyzed in the lab with the same fluorometer (reconfigured for analysis with cuvettes) within 72 hours. Particular care was taken to collect late-time, low-concentration data, which are useful in quantifying the residence time of secondary storage within or adjacent to the stream, such as the hyporheic zone or in-stream transient storage zones. In the data set, Tracer 1 refers to the injection in Watershed 3; Tracer 2 refers to the injection in Reach 411 of Lookout Creek; Tracer 3 refers to the injection in the combined Reach 410/411 of Lookout Creek.

Coverage

Temporal coverage: 2001-04-21 to 2001-07-18

Geographic coverage: HJA WS03 and Lookout Creek.

Spatial coverage:

Bounds: W -122.24111000, E -122.16722000, N 44.22916700, S 44.21910000

Purpose
  • This experiment was designed to assess the residence times of water in the channel and hyporheic zones of the lower reach of Watershed 3 and two adjacent reaches of 4th-order Lookout Creek.
Project

Title: Long-Term Ecological Research

Personnel
  • Sherri L. Johnson - Principal Investigator
    US Forest Service ;Pacific NW Research Station ;3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
    Phone: 541-758-7771
    Email: sherri.johnson2@usda.gov, sherri.johnson@oregonstate.edu
  • Julia A. Jones - Principal Investigator
    Oregon State University;Department of Geosciences; Wilkinson Hall 104, Corvallis, OR, 97331-5506, USA
    Phone: (541) 737-1224
    Email: Julia.Jones@oregonstate.edu, geojulia@comcast.net
    ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9429-8925
  • Matthew G Betts - Principal Investigator
    Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society; 201E Richardson Hall; College of Forestry; Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331
    Phone: (541) 737-3841
    Email: matt.betts@oregonstate.edu
  • Michael P. Nelson - Principal Investigator
    Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society; 201K Richarson Hall; College of Forestry; Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331
    Phone: 541-737-9221
    Email: mpnelson@oregonstate.edu
    ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6917-4752
  • David Bell - Principal Investigator
    Email: david.bell@usda.gov, david.bell@oregonstate.edu
Abstract
  • The H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest is a living laboratory that provides unparalleled opportunities for the study of forest and stream ecosystems in the central Cascade Range of Oregon. Since 1980, as a part of the National Science Foundation Long Term Ecological Research (NSF-LTER) program, the Andrews Experimental Forest has become a leader in the analysis of forest and stream ecosystem dynamics.
  • Long-term field experiments and measurement programs have focused on climate dynamics, streamflow, water quality, and vegetation succession. Currently researchers are working to develop concepts and tools needed to predict effects of natural disturbance, land use, and climate change on ecosystem structure, function, and species composition.
  • The Andrews Experimental Forest is administered cooperatively by the USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, Oregon State University and the Willamette National Forest. Funding for the research program comes from the National Science Foundation (NSF), US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, Oregon State University, and other sources.
Funding

Data were provided by the HJ Andrews Experimental Forest research program, funded by the National Science Foundation's Long-Term Ecological Research Program (DEB 2025755), US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, and Oregon State University. National Science Foundation: DEB1440409

Study Area Description
  • Long-Term Ecological Research
    The Andrews Forest is situated in the western Cascade Range of Oregon, and covers the entire 15,800-acre (6400-ha) drainage basin of Lookout Creek. Elevation ranges from 1350 to 5340 feet (410 to 1630 m). Broadly representative of the rugged mountainous landscape of the Pacific Northwest, the Andrews Forest contains excellent examples of the region's conifer forests and associated wildlife and stream ecosystems. These forests are among the tallest and most productive in the world, with tree heights of often greater than 250 ft (75 m). Streams are steep, cold and clean, providing habitat for numerous aquatic organisms.
Associated Party
  • Steven M. Wondzell
    Role: Creator
    Pacific Northwest Research Station; Corvallis Forestry Sciences Lab; 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
    Phone: 541-758-8753
    Email: steve.wondzell@usda.gov
  • Roy Haggerty
    Role: Principal Investigator
    Dept. of Geosciences;Wilkinson 104;Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
    Phone: 541-737-1210
    Email: haggertr@geo.oregonstate.edu
  • Roy Haggerty
    Role: Method Contact
    Dept. of Geosciences;Wilkinson 104;Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
    Phone: 541-737-1210
    Email: haggertr@geo.oregonstate.edu
  • Roy Haggerty
    Role: Creator
    Dept. of Geosciences;Wilkinson 104;Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
    Phone: 541-737-1210
    Email: haggertr@geo.oregonstate.edu
  • Michael N. Gooseff
    Role: Other Researcher
    Dept. of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
    Email: mgooseff@gmail.com, mgooseff@engr.colostate.edu
  • Michael N. Gooseff
    Role: Method Contact
    Dept. of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
    Email: mgooseff@gmail.com, mgooseff@engr.colostate.edu
Contact
  • Information Manager
    Andrews Forest LTER Program, US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR, 97331
    Email: hjaweb@fsl.orst.edu
  • Roy Haggerty
    Dept. of Geosciences;Wilkinson 104;Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
    Phone: 541-737-1210
    Email: haggertr@geo.oregonstate.edu
Publisher
  • Andrews Forest LTER Site
    Role: Publisher
    Forest Ecosystems and Society Department in Forestry, Oregon State University, 201K Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR, 97331-5752
    Phone: (541) 737-8480
    Email: lterweb@fsl.orst.edu
Study Description

Time series of tracer (Rhodamine WT) concentration data representing a "break-through curve" resulting from a stream tracer injection. Stream tracer experiments were conducted in the lower reach of 2nd-order Watershed 3 in April, 2001, and 2 adjacent reaches of 4th-order Lookout Creek in July, 2002. Rhodamine WT dye was injected as a pulse (non-continuous injection). Concentration data were collected in the field at early time using a field fluorometer equipped with a flow-through cell. Late-time samples collected with an ISCO auto sampler, which were analyzed in the lab with the same fluorometer (reconfigured for analysis with cuvettes) within 72 hours. Particular care was taken to collect late-time, low-concentration data, which are useful in quantifying the residence time of secondary storage within or adjacent to the stream, such as the hyporheic zone or in-stream transient storage zones. In the data set, Tracer 1 refers to the injection in Watershed 3; Tracer 2 refers to the injection in Reach 411 of Lookout Creek; Tracer 3 refers to the injection in the combined Reach 410/411 of Lookout Creek. This experiment was designed to assess the residence times of water in the channel and hyporheic zones of the lower reach of Watershed 3 and two adjacent reaches of 4th-order Lookout Creek. Field Methods - HF011

Purpose: This experiment was designed to assess the residence times of water in the channel and hyporheic zones of the lower reach of Watershed 3 and two adjacent reaches of 4th-order Lookout Creek.

Methods

Method Steps

Field Methods - HF011
  • Eleven grams of Rhodamine WT (RWT, Fomulabs, Piqua, OH) was injected into the WS03 stream reach.
  • Stream flow was measured at a stream gauge at the bottom of the reach for the first 15.7 hrs of the experiment
  • RWT fluorescence data was collected at a downstream sample point using a Turner Designs model 10AU field fluorometer.
  • Data was collected on a five-second interval for the first 28 hr. For the remainder of the experiment, stream water samples were collected with programmable field auto samplers for an additional 7 days.
  • 10.4 g of RWT was injected at the head of the LO411 stream reach.
  • Stream flow was measured by wading, using a Marsh-McBirney model 200 flow meter at the end of the reach prior to the injection.
  • RWT fluorescence data was collected at a downstream sample point using a Turner Designs model 10AU field fluorometer.
  • Data was collected on a 10-second interval for the first 6.3 hrs. For the remainder of the experiment, stream water samples were collected with programmable field auto samplers for an additional 4 days.
  • Seventy-five grams of RWT (Bright Dyes, Miamisburg, OH) was injected at the head of the LO410-411 stream reaches.
  • Stream flow was measured by wading, using a Marsh-McBirney model 200 flow meter at the end of the LO411 reach at 14 hrs prior to the tracer experiment, and 10 hrs after the start of the experiment, respectively.
  • RWT fluorescence data was collected at a downstream sample point using a Turner Designs model 10AU field fluorometer and a Turner Designs Model 10-005 R field fluorometer for LO411 and 410 respectively. Both were set up with a flow-through cell.
  • Data was collected on a 10-second interval for the first seven hrs. For the remainder of the experiment, stream water samples were collected with programmable field auto samplers for an additional 4 days.

Sampling

Sampling Description
  • Tracer injection and monitoring points were surveyed (Anderson, 2002), and added to the digitized maps (LO410 and 411). Source area for each reach was calculated from a 10-meter digital elevation model (DEM). Sinuosity was calculated as the thalweg length divided by the straight-line distance along the valley axis for each reach. Stream discharge in reaches 410 and 410/411 was measured by wading, using a Marsh-McBirney model 200 flow meter (Marsh-McBirney, Inc., Fredrick, MD, USA). Stream discharge in WS03 was measured at the gauge house at the bottom of the reach. All samples collected with ISCO auto samplers (ISCO, Inc., Lincoln, NE) were analyzed with the same Turner Designs fluorometers (Turner Designs, Inc, Sunnyvale, CA) in a lab within 24 hr of retrieval. Three slug tracer experiments were performed on separate reaches in the HJ Andrews Experimenatl Forest.
Spatial Sampling Units
  • Andrews Watershed 3
    W -122.24194900, E -122.22402200, N 44.21994300, S 44.20803100
    Altitude: 1080 to 1080 meter
  • Andrews Experimental Forest (HJA)
    W -122.26172200, E -122.10084700, N 44.28196400, S 44.19770400
    Altitude: 1631 to 1631 meter
  • Andrews Watershed 3 (Reach WS3)
    W -122.24111000, E -122.23833000, N 44.21750000, S 44.21910000
    Altitude: 536 to 536 meter
  • Lookout Creek (Reach 410)
    W -122.17038000, E -122.16722000, N 44.22833000, S 44.22778000
    Altitude: 668 to 668 meter
  • Lookout Creek (Reach 411)
    W -122.17361000, E -122.17083000, N 44.22916700, S 44.22833000
    Altitude: 655 to 655 meter
Software

No software entries listed in this EML file.

Keywords
  • LTER controlled vocabulary: geomorphology (theme), stream order (theme), physical processes (theme), hydrologic processes (theme), groundwater (theme), hyporheic zone (theme), streams (theme)
Taxonomic Hierarchy

No taxonomic hierarchy listed in this EML file.

Data Entities
# Entity Metadata Data
1 HF01101
HF01101
Concentration data for tracer tests conducted on 3 stream reaches at the HJ Andrews Experimental Forest: Early and Late Time/Concentration series for tracer tests conducted on 3 stream reaches (WS3, Lookout Creek reaches 411 and 410)
METADATA DATA
Metadata
HF01101 - HF01101

Object name: HF01101.csv

Records: 12718

Attributes: 12

Temporal coverage: 2001-04-21 to 2001-07-20

File size: 720319 byte

Checksum (MD5): 9175349b4ad8368b850b356da5a9c287

Format: headers=1, recordDelimiter=\r\n, fieldDelimiter=,, quoteCharacter=", orientation=column

Constraints (2)
  • primaryKey: PRIMARY
    HF01101.REACH, HF01101.SERIES, HF01101.TEST, HF01101.DATANUM
  • notNullConstraint: NOTNULL
    HF01101.DATE, HF01101.REACH, HF01101.SERIES, HF01101.TEST, HF01101.DBCODE, HF01101.DATANUM, HF01101.ENTITY, HF01101.TIME
Attributes (12)
DBCODE - char(5) (nominal)

ID: HF01101.DBCODE

Database code

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008

Code definitions (1)
  • HF011
    FSDB Database Code HF011
ENTITY - numeric(1,0) (ratio)

ID: HF01101.ENTITY

Entity number

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008

Unit: number

Precision: 1.000000

Numeric domain: type=natural, min=1.0000 (exclusive=false), max=1.0000 (exclusive=false)

REACH - varchar(5) (nominal)

ID: HF01101.REACH

Name of stream reach measured

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008

Code definitions (3)
  • WS3
    Andrews Watershed 3 (Reach WS3)
  • LO410
    Lookout Creek (Reach 410)
  • LO411
    Lookout Creek (Reach 411)
SERIES - char(1) (nominal)

ID: HF01101.SERIES

Time series

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008

Code definitions (2)
  • E
    Early time/concentration series
  • L
    Late time/concentration series
TEST - char(1) (nominal)

ID: HF01101.TEST

Tracer test number

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008

Code definitions (3)
  • 1
    Tracer test 1
  • 2
    Tracer test 2
  • 3
    Tracer test 3
DATANUM - numeric(4,0) (ratio)

ID: HF01101.DATANUM

Sample number

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008

Unit: number

Precision: 1.000000

Numeric domain: type=integer, min=0.0000 (exclusive=false), max=7467.0000 (exclusive=false)

DATE - datetime (dateTime)

ID: HF01101.DATE

Date of measurement

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008

Date format: YYYY-MM-DD

TIME - numeric(6,0) (ratio)

ID: HF01101.TIME

Time elapsed since beginning of tracer test

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008

Unit: seconds of a degree

Precision: 1.000000

Numeric domain: type=integer, min=0.0000 (exclusive=false), max=511140.0000 (exclusive=false)

CONCEN - numeric(7,2) (ratio)

ID: HF01101.CONCEN

Concentration of rhodamine wt, corrected to near zero from background fluore escence

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008

Unit: micrograms per liter

Precision: 0.010000

Numeric domain: type=real, min=-0.0200 (exclusive=false), max=318.2500 (exclusive=false)

MASSFLUX - numeric(7,2) (ratio)

ID: HF01101.MASSFLUX

Mass flux rate of rhodamine at corresponding time

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008

Unit: micrograms per second

Precision: 0.010000

Numeric domain: type=real, min=-0.6600 (exclusive=false), max=6505.3200 (exclusive=false)

DISCHARGE - numeric(5,1) (ratio)

ID: HF01101.DISCHARGE

Streamflow rate

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008

Unit: liters per second

Precision: 0.100000

Numeric domain: type=real, min=19.8000 (exclusive=false), max=346.1500 (exclusive=false)

TEMP - numeric(4,1) (ratio)

ID: HF01101.TEMP

Water temperature

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008

Unit: degrees Celsius

Precision: 0.100000

Numeric domain: type=real, min=6.9000 (exclusive=false), max=15.1000 (exclusive=false)

Units
micrograms per liter ug/l massDensity microgramPerLiter kilogramPerMeterCubed 0.000001 micrograms per liter
liters per second l/sec volumetricRate literPerSecond literPerSecond 1 liters per second
number number dimensionless number dimensionless 1 dimensionless number, i.e., ratio, count
micrograms per second ug/sec massFlux microgramPerSecond kilogramPerSecond 0.000000001 micrograms per second
degrees Celsius deg c temperature celsiusDegree kelvin 1 Degrees Celsius; a common unit of temperature; constantToSI=273.18
seconds of a degree seconds latitudeLongitude degreeSecond unknown N/A number of seconds (sixtieth part of a minute of a degree)
Intellectual Rights

Data Use Agreement:

The re-use of scientific data has the potential to greatly increase communication, collaboration and synthesis within and among disciplines, and thus is fostered, supported and encouraged. This Data Set is released under the Creative Commons license CC BY "Attribution" (see: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Creative Commons license CC BY - Attribution is a license that allows others to distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon your work (even commercially), as long as you are credited for the original creation. This license accommodates maximum dissemination and use of licensed materials.

It is considered professional conduct and an ethical obligation to acknowledge the work of other scientists. The Data User is asked to provide attribution of the original work if this data package is shared in whole or by individual parts or used in the derivation of other products. A recommended citation is provided for each Data Set in the Andrews LTER data catalog (see: http://andlter.forestry.oregonstate.edu/data/catalog/datacatalog.aspx). A generic citation is also provided for this Data Set on the website https://portal.edirepository.org in the summary metadata page. Data Users are thus strongly encouraged to consider consultation, collaboration and/or co-authorship with the Data Set Creator.

While substantial efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of data and associated documentation, complete accuracy of data sets cannot be guaranteed and all data are made available "as is." The Data User should be aware, however, that data are updated periodically and it is the responsibility of the Data User to check for new versions of the data. The data authors and the repository where these data were obtained shall not be liable for damages resulting from any use or misinterpretation of the data.

General acknowledgement: Data were provided by the HJ Andrews Experimental Forest research program, funded by the National Science Foundation's Long-Term Ecological Research Program (DEB 2025755), US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, and Oregon State University.

Licensed

License: N/A

Maintenance

Maintenance update frequency: notPlanned

Description

  • An update history is logged and maintained with each new version of every dataset.

Change History

  • Version1 (2002-12-04)
    Original metadata creation.
  • Version2 (2002-12-18)
    Metadata restructured and moved into SQLServer metadata database LTERMETA. Data moved into SQLServer database FSDBDATA.
  • Version7 (2016-12-20)
    Need to upload dataset to PASTA. There are 8 entities that were prepared back in 12/18/2002. However, these entities could be combine into 1 dataset with the given distinctions (reach,series,test). These entities were combined to upload to PASTA. Because of the connections to catalog_request_history, entities 2-8 cannont be deleted. These have been designated as not online. Data QC'd. Old SQL structures deleted and new one created. Appended data into the one new entity.