SP009: Role of vegetation and coarse wood debris on soil processes and mycorrhizal mat distribution patterns at the Hi-15, Andrews Experimental Forest, 1994-1995
Notice
"As Is" Basis: All content, including maps and forecasts, is provided without warranties. Users are advised to independently verify critical information.
Citation
Griffiths, R. 2014. Role of vegetation and coarse wood debris on soil processes and mycorrhizal mat distribution patterns at the Hi-15, Andrews Experimental Forest, 1994-1995 Long-Term Ecological Research Andrews Forest LTER Site. [Database]. Available: https://andrewsforest-stage.forestry.oregonstate.edu/data/fsdb-data-catalog/SP009 Accessed 2026-05-10.
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to determine if there were relationships between forest floor attributes such as the location of: (1) individual trees, (2) clusters of undergrowth vegetation, (3) coarse woody debris, (4) rocks and (5) topography and both soil characteristics and distribution patterns of ectomycorrhizal fungal mats. This data set includes mat, rock, wood, and moss distribution patterns (as presence or absence at each sampling node) as well as basic soil date taken at the same locations. The forest floor attributes were digitized using Esri ArcGIS. These GIS data layers are available as separate files in FSDB Database code SP029.
Coverage
Temporal coverage: 1994-07-01 to 1995-07-31
Geographic coverage: Andrews Experimental Forest near High 15 site
Spatial coverage:
Bounds: W -122.17100000, E -122.17100000, N 44.26610000, S 44.26610000
Purpose
- We have long been interested in determining the extent to which plants and coarse woody debris (CWD) influenced forest soils. It has been speculated that plants impart changes in soils that effectively increase the resiliency of a stand to disturbance; this idea has been formalized in the concept of forest legacies (Perry et al., 1989). We have also been interested in factors influencing the distribution of ectomycorrhizal fungi. Earlier studies on 2 x 10 m plots showed not relationship between the distribution of rocks, trees and CWD and mat distribution patterns on the scale of a few meters. We wanted to determine if relationships between these features and mat distribution patterns could be detected at a larger scale. In this study we jumped from a 1 to at 5 m resolution. At this scale, the effects of large groupings of understory vegetation and large assemblages of CWD on mat distribution could be assessed. It also provided another opportunity to look at the role mats play in soil biogeochemical processes, supporting earlier studies (Griffiths et al., 1990, 91, 92; Aquiera and Griffiths, 1993).
Project
Title: Long-Term Ecological Research
Personnel
-
Sherri L. Johnson - Principal Investigator US Forest Service ;Pacific NW Research Station ;3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USAPhone: 541-758-7771Email: sherri.johnson2@usda.gov, sherri.johnson@oregonstate.edu
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Julia A. Jones - Principal Investigator Oregon State University;Department of Geosciences; Wilkinson Hall 104, Corvallis, OR, 97331-5506, USAPhone: (541) 737-1224Email: Julia.Jones@oregonstate.edu, geojulia@comcast.netORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9429-8925
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Matthew G Betts - Principal Investigator Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society; 201E Richardson Hall; College of Forestry; Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331Phone: (541) 737-3841Email: matt.betts@oregonstate.edu
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Michael P. Nelson - Principal Investigator Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society; 201K Richarson Hall; College of Forestry; Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331Phone: 541-737-9221Email: mpnelson@oregonstate.eduORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6917-4752
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David Bell - Principal Investigator Email: david.bell@usda.gov, david.bell@oregonstate.edu
Abstract
- The H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest is a living laboratory that provides unparalleled opportunities for the study of forest and stream ecosystems in the central Cascade Range of Oregon. Since 1980, as a part of the National Science Foundation Long Term Ecological Research (NSF-LTER) program, the Andrews Experimental Forest has become a leader in the analysis of forest and stream ecosystem dynamics.
- Long-term field experiments and measurement programs have focused on climate dynamics, streamflow, water quality, and vegetation succession. Currently researchers are working to develop concepts and tools needed to predict effects of natural disturbance, land use, and climate change on ecosystem structure, function, and species composition.
- The Andrews Experimental Forest is administered cooperatively by the USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, Oregon State University and the Willamette National Forest. Funding for the research program comes from the National Science Foundation (NSF), US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, Oregon State University, and other sources.
Funding
Data were provided by the HJ Andrews Experimental Forest research program, funded by the National Science Foundation's Long-Term Ecological Research Program (DEB 2025755), US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, and Oregon State University. National Science Foundation: DEB1440409
Study Area Description
-
Long-Term Ecological Research The Andrews Forest is situated in the western Cascade Range of Oregon, and covers the entire 15,800-acre (6400-ha) drainage basin of Lookout Creek. Elevation ranges from 1350 to 5340 feet (410 to 1630 m). Broadly representative of the rugged mountainous landscape of the Pacific Northwest, the Andrews Forest contains excellent examples of the region's conifer forests and associated wildlife and stream ecosystems. These forests are among the tallest and most productive in the world, with tree heights of often greater than 250 ft (75 m). Streams are steep, cold and clean, providing habitat for numerous aquatic organisms.
Associated Party
-
Robert P. Griffiths
Role: Principal InvestigatorOregon State University;Dept. of Forest Science;321 Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR, 97331-5752, USAPhone: (541) 737-6559Email: bbgriff@peak.org, griff@for.orst.edu
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Robert P. Griffiths
Role: AbstractorOregon State University;Dept. of Forest Science;321 Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR, 97331-5752, USAPhone: (541) 737-6559Email: bbgriff@peak.org, griff@for.orst.edu
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Robert P. Griffiths
Role: CreatorOregon State University;Dept. of Forest Science;321 Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR, 97331-5752, USAPhone: (541) 737-6559Email: bbgriff@peak.org, griff@for.orst.edu
Contact
-
Information Manager
Andrews Forest LTER Program, US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR, 97331Email: hjaweb@fsl.orst.edu
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Robert P. Griffiths
Oregon State University;Dept. of Forest Science;321 Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR, 97331-5752, USAPhone: (541) 737-6559Email: bbgriff@peak.org, griff@for.orst.edu
Publisher
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Andrews Forest LTER Site
Role: PublisherForest Ecosystems and Society Department in Forestry, Oregon State University, 201K Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR, 97331-5752Phone: (541) 737-8480Email: lterweb@fsl.orst.edu
Study Description
The main objective of this study was to determine if there were relationships between forest floor attributes such as the location of: (1) individual trees, (2) clusters of undergrowth vegetation, (3) coarse woody debris, (4) rocks and (5) topography and both soil characteristics and distribution patterns of ectomycorrhizal fungal mats. This data set includes mat, rock, wood, and moss distribution patterns (as presence or absence at each sampling node) as well as basic soil date taken at the same locations. The forest floor attributes were digitized using Esri ArcGIS. These GIS data layers are available as separate files in FSDB Database code SP029. We have long been interested in determining the extent to which plants and coarse woody debris (CWD) influenced forest soils. It has been speculated that plants impart changes in soils that effectively increase the resiliency of a stand to disturbance; this idea has been formalized in the concept of forest legacies (Perry et al., 1989). We have also been interested in factors influencing the distribution of ectomycorrhizal fungi. Earlier studies on 2 x 10 m plots showed not relationship between the distribution of rocks, trees and CWD and mat distribution patterns on the scale of a few meters. We wanted to determine if relationships between these features and mat distribution patterns could be detected at a larger scale. In this study we jumped from a 1 to at 5 m resolution. At this scale, the effects of large groupings of understory vegetation and large assemblages of CWD on mat distribution could be assessed. It also provided another opportunity to look at the role mats play in soil biogeochemical processes, supporting earlier studies (Griffiths et al., 1990, 91, 92; Aquiera and Griffiths, 1993). Field Methods - SP009
Purpose: We have long been interested in determining the extent to which plants and coarse woody debris (CWD) influenced forest soils. It has been speculated that plants impart changes in soils that effectively increase the resiliency of a stand to disturbance; this idea has been formalized in the concept of forest legacies (Perry et al., 1989). We have also been interested in factors influencing the distribution of ectomycorrhizal fungi. Earlier studies on 2 x 10 m plots showed not relationship between the distribution of rocks, trees and CWD and mat distribution patterns on the scale of a few meters. We wanted to determine if relationships between these features and mat distribution patterns could be detected at a larger scale. In this study we jumped from a 1 to at 5 m resolution. At this scale, the effects of large groupings of understory vegetation and large assemblages of CWD on mat distribution could be assessed. It also provided another opportunity to look at the role mats play in soil biogeochemical processes, supporting earlier studies (Griffiths et al., 1990, 91, 92; Aquiera and Griffiths, 1993).
Methods
Method Steps
Field Methods - SP009
- In the field, sketches were made of the location of individual trees, clusters of undergrowth vegetation, coarse woody debris, rocks and topography within a 25 x 260 m plot. These sketches were digitized using ArcInfo®. At each of the grid nodes, a 4.7 x 10 cm soil core was taken for subsequent analysis. The samples were transported to the laboratory in an ice chest and subsequently stored at 15°C until the initiation of analyses, usually within 16 h of their receipt. The following measurements were made in the field: litter depth, mineral soil respiration, soil temperature, and the presence of ectomycorrhizal mats in the cores. At each sample location (grid node) the presence or absence of moss, rocks and woody debris was also noted. Field (forest floor) respiration rates were measured with a nondispersive, infrared CO analyzer (Li-Cor®, LI-6200). Measurements were made over a period of 1 min after the chamber gas reached ambient CO concentration. The instrument was calibrated on site against a known standard at each location. A Q10 adjustment was made for ambient soil temperature. Soil temperature was measured by electronic thermometers calibrated at 0°C with ice water. The temperature probes were inserted into the mineral soil to a depth of 10 cm.
Laboratory Methods - SP009
- In preparation for laboratory analyses, all soils were sieved through a 2-mm sieve. Soil moisture was determined by drying duplicate 10 g field-moist sieved soils at 100 C for at least 8 h. The percent soil moisture was calculated by dividing the difference between wet and dry samples and dividing that number by the dry wt., which was then multiplied by 100. Soil organic matter was measured by loss-on-ignition at 550°C for 6 h after oven drying at 100°C.
- Extractable ammonium was determined by shaking 10 g of field-moist soil with 50 mL 2 M KCl for 1 h (Keeney and Nelson 1982), adding 0.3 mL 10 M NaOH to the slurry, and measuring ammonium concentration with an Orion model 95-12 ammonium electrode (Orion Research Inc., Boston, MA). Mineralizable N was measured by the water-logged technique of Keeney and Bremner (1966). For each analysis, 10 g of field-moist soil were added to 53 mL of distilled water in a 20 x 125 mm screw-cap test tube, and incubated at 40°C for 7 d. Then 53 mL of 4 M KCl were added to the slurry, and ammonium concentration was determined with the ammonium electrode. Mineralizable N was calculated as the difference between initial and final ammonium concentrations.
Sampling
Study Extent
- Sample plot located at REU synoptic site #130: longitude = 122° 10.247' N; latitude = 44° 15.939' W. Site 200 meters south of the terminus of USFS road #327. Andrews Experimental Forest
- Sampling frequency: once only
Sampling Description
- The objective was to determine if there were relationships between forest floor attributes; individual trees, clusters of undergrowth vegetation, coarse woody debris, rocks and topography influenced soil characteristics and the distribution patterns of ectomycorrhizal fungi. All forest floor features were mapped within a 25 x 260 m plot and digitized into GIS data layers. A sample grid was established within this plot with 4, 250 m parallel transects separated by 5 m. Samples were taken every 5 m along these transects to form a sampling grid with nodes every 5 m. The data contained within this dataset are the measurements made at those nodes.
Spatial Sampling Units
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Andrews Experimental Forest (HJA)
W -122.26172200, E -122.10084700, N 44.28196400, S 44.19770400Altitude: 1631 to 1631 meter
Software
No software entries listed in this EML file.
Keywords
- LTER controlled vocabulary: biological processes (theme), inorganic nutrients (theme), organic matter (theme), ecosystems (theme), mycorrhizae (theme)
- Andrews Experimental Forest site thesaurus: Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) (theme), ecosystem processes (theme)
- LTER core research areas: inorganic nutrients (theme), organic matter (theme)
Taxonomic Hierarchy
No taxonomic hierarchy listed in this EML file.
Data Entities
| # | Entity | Metadata | Data |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |
SP00901
SP00901 Soil and surface data on 4 Hi-15 site transects: |
METADATA | DATA |
Metadata
SP00901 - SP00901
Object name: SP00901.csv
Records: 200
Attributes: 19
File size: 13979 byte
Checksum (MD5): 31528c146e7e3de74e17e1ee0390f0b1
Format: headers=1, recordDelimiter=\r\n, fieldDelimiter=,, quoteCharacter=", orientation=column
Constraints (2)
-
primaryKey: PRIMARY SP00901.SITE
-
notNullConstraint: NOTNULL SP00901.FORMAT, SP00901.LITTER, SP00901.MAT, SP00901.MOSS, SP00901.POSITION, SP00901.ROCKY, SP00901.SITE, SP00901.STCODE, SP00901.TRANSECT, SP00901.WOOD
Attributes (19)
STCODE - char(5) (nominal)
ID: SP00901.STCODE
FSDB Database Study code
Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008
Code definitions (1)
-
SP009
FSDB Database Study code SP009
FORMAT - numeric(2,0) (interval)
ID: SP00901.FORMAT
Entity number
Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008
Unit: number
Precision: 1.000000
Numeric domain: type=natural, min=1.0000 (exclusive=false), max=1.0000 (exclusive=false)
SITE - numeric(3,0) (ratio)
ID: SP00901.SITE
Location along transect; each 5 meters apart
Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008
Unit: number
Precision: 1.000000
Numeric domain: type=natural, min=1.0000 (exclusive=false), max=200.0000 (exclusive=false)
TRANSECT - numeric(1,0) (interval)
ID: SP00901.TRANSECT
Transect number; each 5 meters apart
Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008
Unit: number
Precision: 1.000000
Numeric domain: type=natural, min=1.0000 (exclusive=false), max=4.0000 (exclusive=false)
POSITION - numeric(2,0) (ratio)
ID: SP00901.POSITION
Consecutive position in transect (5m intervals)
Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008
Unit: number
Precision: 1.000000
Numeric domain: type=natural, min=1.0000 (exclusive=false), max=50.0000 (exclusive=false)
MOIST - numeric(3,0) (ratio)
ID: SP00901.MOIST
Percent moisture
Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008
Unit: percent
Precision: 1.000000
Numeric domain: type=natural, min=5.0000 (exclusive=false), max=270.0000 (exclusive=false)
SOILTEMP - numeric(4,1) (ratio)
ID: SP00901.SOILTEMP
Soil temperature measured with licor
Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008
Unit: degrees Celsius
Precision: 0.100000
Numeric domain: type=real, min=5.0000 (exclusive=false), max=12.0000 (exclusive=false)
AIRTEMP - numeric(4,1) (interval)
ID: SP00901.AIRTEMP
Air temperature measured with licor
Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008
Unit: degrees Celsius
Precision: 0.100000
Numeric domain: type=real, min=5.0000 (exclusive=false), max=20.0000 (exclusive=false)
LIGHT - numeric(5,1) (ratio)
ID: SP00901.LIGHT
Amount of light measured with licor
Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008
Unit: micromoles per square meter per second
Precision: 0.100000
Numeric domain: type=real, min=0.0000 (exclusive=false), max=500.0000 (exclusive=false)
SOM - numeric(5,1) (ratio)
ID: SP00901.SOM
Soil organic matter
Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008
Unit: percent
Precision: 0.100000
Numeric domain: type=real, min=40.0000 (exclusive=false), max=110.0000 (exclusive=false)
LITTER - numeric(4,1) (ratio)
ID: SP00901.LITTER
Litter depth
Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008
Unit: centimeters
Precision: 0.100000
Numeric domain: type=real, min=0.0000 (exclusive=false), max=10.0000 (exclusive=false)
BULKDEN - numeric(5,3) (ratio)
ID: SP00901.BULKDEN
Bulk density
Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008
Unit: grams per cubic centimeter
Precision: 0.001000
Numeric domain: type=real, min=0.0000 (exclusive=false), max=1.0000 (exclusive=false)
MOSS - char(1) (nominal)
ID: SP00901.MOSS
Moss present on surface? 0 = no; 1 = yes
Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008
Code definitions (2)
-
code
No
-
1
Yes
ROCKY - char(1) (nominal)
ID: SP00901.ROCKY
Rocks present on surface? 0 = no; 1 = yes
Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008
Code definitions (2)
-
code
No
-
1
Yes
WOOD - char(1) (nominal)
ID: SP00901.WOOD
Wood present on surface? 0 = no; 1 = yes
Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008
Code definitions (2)
-
code
No
-
1
Yes
MAT - char(1) (nominal)
ID: SP00901.MAT
Mat present on surface? 0 = no; 1 = yes
Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008
Code definitions (2)
-
code
No
-
1
Yes
FLDRESP - numeric(4,1) (ratio)
ID: SP00901.FLDRESP
Field respiration rates
Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008
Unit: grams per square meter per day
Precision: 0.100000
Numeric domain: type=real, min=0.0000 (exclusive=false), max=80.0000 (exclusive=false)
EXAMM - numeric(5,3) (ratio)
ID: SP00901.EXAMM
Extractable ammonium (dry weight basis)
Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008
Unit: micromoles per gram
Precision: 0.001000
Numeric domain: type=real, min=0.0000 (exclusive=false), max=3.0000 (exclusive=false)
MINN - numeric(5,2) (ratio)
ID: SP00901.MINN
Mineralizable nitrogen (dry weight basis)
Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008
Unit: micromoles per gram
Precision: 0.010000
Numeric domain: type=real, min=0.0000 (exclusive=false), max=50.0000 (exclusive=false)
Units
| grams per cubic centimeter | g/cm3 | massDensity | gramPerCentimeterCubed | kilogramPerMeterCubed | 1000 | grams per cubic centimeter |
| grams per square meter per day | g/m2*day | arealMassDensityRate | gramPerMeterSquaredPerDay | kilogramPerMeterSquaredPerSecond | 86.4 | grams per square meter per day |
| micromoles per square meter per second | umol/m2*sec | arealAmountOfSubstanceConcentrationRate | micromolePerMeterSquaredPerSecond | molePerMeterSquaredPerSecond | 1000000 | micromoles per square meter per second |
| centimeters | cm | length | centimeter | meter | 0.01 | centimeters; .01 meters |
| micromoles per gram | umol/g | amountOfSubstanceWeight | micromolePerGram | molePerKilogram | 0.001 | micromoles per gram |
| degrees Celsius | deg c | temperature | celsiusDegree | kelvin | 1 | Degrees Celsius; a common unit of temperature; constantToSI=273.18 |
| percent | % | dimensionless | number | dimensionless | 100 | percent; a number |
| number | number | dimensionless | number | dimensionless | 1 | dimensionless number, i.e., ratio, count |
Intellectual Rights
Data Use Agreement:
The re-use of scientific data has the potential to greatly increase communication, collaboration and synthesis within and among disciplines, and thus is fostered, supported and encouraged. This Data Set is released under the Creative Commons license CC BY "Attribution" (see: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Creative Commons license CC BY - Attribution is a license that allows others to distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon your work (even commercially), as long as you are credited for the original creation. This license accommodates maximum dissemination and use of licensed materials.
It is considered professional conduct and an ethical obligation to acknowledge the work of other scientists. The Data User is asked to provide attribution of the original work if this data package is shared in whole or by individual parts or used in the derivation of other products. A recommended citation is provided for each Data Set in the Andrews LTER data catalog (see: http://andlter.forestry.oregonstate.edu/data/catalog/datacatalog.aspx). A generic citation is also provided for this Data Set on the website https://portal.edirepository.org in the summary metadata page. Data Users are thus strongly encouraged to consider consultation, collaboration and/or co-authorship with the Data Set Creator.
While substantial efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of data and associated documentation, complete accuracy of data sets cannot be guaranteed and all data are made available "as is." The Data User should be aware, however, that data are updated periodically and it is the responsibility of the Data User to check for new versions of the data. The data authors and the repository where these data were obtained shall not be liable for damages resulting from any use or misinterpretation of the data.
General acknowledgement: Data were provided by the HJ Andrews Experimental Forest research program, funded by the National Science Foundation's Long-Term Ecological Research Program (DEB 2025755), US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, and Oregon State University.
Licensed
License: N/A
Maintenance
Maintenance update frequency: notPlanned
Description
- An update history is logged and maintained with each new version of every dataset.
Change History
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Version1 (2001-02-24) Original metadata creation.
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Version2 (2002-04-17) Metadata restructured and moved into SQLServer metadata database LTERMETA. Data moved into SQLServer database FSDBDATA.
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Version7 (2014-01-15) Recreated CSV files with new delimiter for uploading into PASTA. Added database coordinates and created STCODE to be enumerated. Linked study to spatial database.