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SP016: Influence of coniferous tree invasion on forest meadow soil properties on Bunch Grass Ridge and Deer Creek near the Andrews Experimental Forest, 1998

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Status: irregular
Period: 1998-01-07 to 1998-01-09
Version: 7
Published: 2011-09-14
EDI Package ID: knb-lter-and.3114.7
Source XML: SP016_7.xml

Notice

"As Is" Basis: All content, including maps and forecasts, is provided without warranties. Users are advised to independently verify critical information.

Citation

Griffiths, R. 2011. Influence of coniferous tree invasion on forest meadow soil properties on Bunch Grass Ridge and Deer Creek near the Andrews Experimental Forest, 1998 Long-Term Ecological Research Andrews Forest LTER Site. [Database]. Available: https://andrewsforest-stage.forestry.oregonstate.edu/data/fsdb-data-catalog/SP016 Accessed 2026-05-10.

Abstract

Measurements were made along transects running from mountain meadows, into transition zones where trees were invading meadows and then into mature forest to determine if the invasion of high central Oregon Cascade Mountain meadows by the surrounding forest altered soil properties. Prior studies shown that meadow soil chemical and biological characteristic change when they are invaded by surrounding trees. For instance meadow litter has been shown to be enriched in nitrogen when compared with tree litter. In this study, differences in nitrogen pools and cycling were observed supporting the view that nitrogen is more available in meadow soils than in forests and that these differences change rapidly when tree invade mountain meadows. As trees invade meadows, ß-glucosidase activity is also rapidly reduced suggesting that qualitative changes are taking place in microbial populations as microorganisms adjust to changes in litter quality. High correlations between litter depth and most variables suggest that meadow litter may control other aspects of biogeochemical cycling; a relationship not observed in the transition zone or the mature forest. With one exception, the values observed in the transition zone were intermediate between those in meadows and those in forest soils. In most cases, the values found in this zone were closer to those found in mature forests than in meadow soils suggesting that when trees invade meadows, soil properties are rapidly shifted toward those found in forests. These rapid changes may alter soils so that they are more likely to support trees than grass. This may partially explain why, areas where trees had been cut after they became established as small islands within the meadow are rapidly recolonized by trees rather than grass.

Coverage

Temporal coverage: 1998-01-07 to 1998-01-09

Geographic coverage: N/A

Bounds: W N/A, E N/A, N N/A, S N/A

Purpose
  • Although forest meadows in the Central Oregon Cascade Mountains make up a relatively small fraction of total area, they contain a large variety of plant species that greatly enrich biodiversity over the landscape (Hickman, 1976). Under present climatic and forest management conditions, many high-dry mountain meadows of Pacific Northwest are being invaded by the surrounding forest providing an opportunity to study changes in soil properties in response to vegetative succession (Franklin et al., 1971: Magee and Antos, 1992; Yakimenko, 1997; Miller and Halpern, 1998). Vegetation can profoundly influence both the chemistry and biology of soils; altering soils in a way that enhances plant community resiliency to perturbation (Perry et al.1989). To a large degree, this finding explains why forests that have been disturbed by fire, disease, wind-throw, harvesting or other factors typically return to the same vegetative assemblage that was present before the disturbance. Similar mechanisms may explain why invading vegetation alter soils to favor trees rather than the original meadow vegetation. Within the context maintaining biodiversity and habitat diversity, forest managers are looking techniques to reverse invasion high elevation mountain meadows by surrounding trees (Popenoe et al., 1992). One of the objectives of this study was to provide basic information about biogeochemical transformations associated with tree invasion that could be used to monitor the effectiveness of different treatments.
Project

Title: Long-Term Ecological Research

Personnel
  • Sherri L. Johnson - Principal Investigator
    US Forest Service ;Pacific NW Research Station ;3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
    Phone: 541-758-7771
    Email: sherri.johnson2@usda.gov, sherri.johnson@oregonstate.edu
  • Julia A. Jones - Principal Investigator
    Oregon State University;Department of Geosciences; Wilkinson Hall 104, Corvallis, OR, 97331-5506, USA
    Phone: (541) 737-1224
    Email: Julia.Jones@oregonstate.edu, geojulia@comcast.net
    ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9429-8925
  • Matthew G Betts - Principal Investigator
    Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society; 201E Richardson Hall; College of Forestry; Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331
    Phone: (541) 737-3841
    Email: matt.betts@oregonstate.edu
  • Michael P. Nelson - Principal Investigator
    Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society; 201K Richarson Hall; College of Forestry; Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331
    Phone: 541-737-9221
    Email: mpnelson@oregonstate.edu
    ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6917-4752
  • David Bell - Principal Investigator
    Email: david.bell@usda.gov, david.bell@oregonstate.edu
Abstract
  • The H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest is a living laboratory that provides unparalleled opportunities for the study of forest and stream ecosystems in the central Cascade Range of Oregon. Since 1980, as a part of the National Science Foundation Long Term Ecological Research (NSF-LTER) program, the Andrews Experimental Forest has become a leader in the analysis of forest and stream ecosystem dynamics.
  • Long-term field experiments and measurement programs have focused on climate dynamics, streamflow, water quality, and vegetation succession. Currently researchers are working to develop concepts and tools needed to predict effects of natural disturbance, land use, and climate change on ecosystem structure, function, and species composition.
  • The Andrews Experimental Forest is administered cooperatively by the USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, Oregon State University and the Willamette National Forest. Funding for the research program comes from the National Science Foundation (NSF), US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, Oregon State University, and other sources.
Funding

Data were provided by the HJ Andrews Experimental Forest research program, funded by the National Science Foundation's Long-Term Ecological Research Program (DEB 2025755), US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, and Oregon State University. National Science Foundation: DEB1440409

Study Area Description
  • Long-Term Ecological Research
    The Andrews Forest is situated in the western Cascade Range of Oregon, and covers the entire 15,800-acre (6400-ha) drainage basin of Lookout Creek. Elevation ranges from 1350 to 5340 feet (410 to 1630 m). Broadly representative of the rugged mountainous landscape of the Pacific Northwest, the Andrews Forest contains excellent examples of the region's conifer forests and associated wildlife and stream ecosystems. These forests are among the tallest and most productive in the world, with tree heights of often greater than 250 ft (75 m). Streams are steep, cold and clean, providing habitat for numerous aquatic organisms.
Associated Party
  • Robert P. Griffiths
    Role: Principal Investigator
    Oregon State University;Dept. of Forest Science;321 Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR, 97331-5752, USA
    Phone: (541) 737-6559
    Email: bbgriff@peak.org, griff@for.orst.edu
  • Robert P. Griffiths
    Role: Creator
    Oregon State University;Dept. of Forest Science;321 Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR, 97331-5752, USA
    Phone: (541) 737-6559
    Email: bbgriff@peak.org, griff@for.orst.edu
Contact
  • Information Manager
    Andrews Forest LTER Program, US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR, 97331
    Email: hjaweb@fsl.orst.edu
Publisher
  • Andrews Forest LTER Site
    Role: Publisher
    Forest Ecosystems and Society Department in Forestry, Oregon State University, 201K Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR, 97331-5752
    Phone: (541) 737-8480
    Email: lterweb@fsl.orst.edu
Study Description

Measurements were made along transects running from mountain meadows, into transition zones where trees were invading meadows and then into mature forest to determine if the invasion of high central Oregon Cascade Mountain meadows by the surrounding forest altered soil properties. Prior studies shown that meadow soil chemical and biological characteristic change when they are invaded by surrounding trees. For instance meadow litter has been shown to be enriched in nitrogen when compared with tree litter. In this study, differences in nitrogen pools and cycling were observed supporting the view that nitrogen is more available in meadow soils than in forests and that these differences change rapidly when tree invade mountain meadows. As trees invade meadows, ß-glucosidase activity is also rapidly reduced suggesting that qualitative changes are taking place in microbial populations as microorganisms adjust to changes in litter quality. High correlations between litter depth and most variables suggest that meadow litter may control other aspects of biogeochemical cycling; a relationship not observed in the transition zone or the mature forest. With one exception, the values observed in the transition zone were intermediate between those in meadows and those in forest soils. In most cases, the values found in this zone were closer to those found in mature forests than in meadow soils suggesting that when trees invade meadows, soil properties are rapidly shifted toward those found in forests. These rapid changes may alter soils so that they are more likely to support trees than grass. This may partially explain why, areas where trees had been cut after they became established as small islands within the meadow are rapidly recolonized by trees rather than grass. Although forest meadows in the Central Oregon Cascade Mountains make up a relatively small fraction of total area, they contain a large variety of plant species that greatly enrich biodiversity over the landscape (Hickman, 1976). Under present climatic and forest management conditions, many high-dry mountain meadows of Pacific Northwest are being invaded by the surrounding forest providing an opportunity to study changes in soil properties in response to vegetative succession (Franklin et al., 1971: Magee and Antos, 1992; Yakimenko, 1997; Miller and Halpern, 1998). Vegetation can profoundly influence both the chemistry and biology of soils; altering soils in a way that enhances plant community resiliency to perturbation (Perry et al.1989). To a large degree, this finding explains why forests that have been disturbed by fire, disease, wind-throw, harvesting or other factors typically return to the same vegetative assemblage that was present before the disturbance. Similar mechanisms may explain why invading vegetation alter soils to favor trees rather than the original meadow vegetation. Within the context maintaining biodiversity and habitat diversity, forest managers are looking techniques to reverse invasion high elevation mountain meadows by surrounding trees (Popenoe et al., 1992). One of the objectives of this study was to provide basic information about biogeochemical transformations associated with tree invasion that could be used to monitor the effectiveness of different treatments. Field Methods - SP016

Purpose: Although forest meadows in the Central Oregon Cascade Mountains make up a relatively small fraction of total area, they contain a large variety of plant species that greatly enrich biodiversity over the landscape (Hickman, 1976). Under present climatic and forest management conditions, many high-dry mountain meadows of Pacific Northwest are being invaded by the surrounding forest providing an opportunity to study changes in soil properties in response to vegetative succession (Franklin et al., 1971: Magee and Antos, 1992; Yakimenko, 1997; Miller and Halpern, 1998). Vegetation can profoundly influence both the chemistry and biology of soils; altering soils in a way that enhances plant community resiliency to perturbation (Perry et al.1989). To a large degree, this finding explains why forests that have been disturbed by fire, disease, wind-throw, harvesting or other factors typically return to the same vegetative assemblage that was present before the disturbance. Similar mechanisms may explain why invading vegetation alter soils to favor trees rather than the original meadow vegetation. Within the context maintaining biodiversity and habitat diversity, forest managers are looking techniques to reverse invasion high elevation mountain meadows by surrounding trees (Popenoe et al., 1992). One of the objectives of this study was to provide basic information about biogeochemical transformations associated with tree invasion that could be used to monitor the effectiveness of different treatments.

Methods

Method Steps

Field Methods - SP016
  • At each of these positions a 4.7 x 10 cm soil core was taken for subsequent analysis. The samples were transported to the laboratory in an ice chest and subsequently stored at 15 degrees C until the initiation of analyses, usually within 16 h of their receipt. The following measurements were made in the field: litter depth, mineral soil respiration, soil temperature and ectomycorrhizal mat characteristics. Field (forest floor) respiration rates were measured with a nondispersive, infrared CO analyzer (Li-Cor, LI-6200). Measurements were made over a period of 1 min after the chamber gas reached ambient CO concentration. The instrument was calibrated on site against a known standard at each location. A Q10 adjustment was made for ambient soil temperature. Soil temperature was measured by electronic thermometers calibrated at 0 degrees C with ice water. The temperature probes were inserted into the mineral soil to a depth of 10 cm.
  • The distribution of ectomycorrhizal mats was determined visually in the field by inspecting the relative abundance of mats in 4.7 x 10 cm cores. Two distinct mat types were scored: (1) mats similar to those of the genus Hysterangium and (2) mats similar to those of the genus Gautieria. This approach has been used successfully in the past to document ectomycorrhizal mat distribution patterns in coniferous forests of the Pacific Northwest (Griffiths et al. 1996).
Laboratory Methods - SP016
  • In preparation for laboratory analyses, all soils were sieved through a 2-mm sieve. Soil moisture was determined by drying duplicate 10 g field-moist sieved soils at 100 degrees C for at least 8 h. The percent soil moisture was calculated by dividing the difference between wet and dry samples and dividing that number by the dry wt., which was then multiplied by 100. Soil pH was measured in 1:10 (soil:distilled water) slurries of oven-dried (100 degrees C) soil. These slurries were shaken for 1 h prior to reading pH values with a Sigma model E4753 electrode. Soil organic matter was measured by loss-on-ignition at 550 degrees C for 6 h after oven drying at 100 degrees C.
  • Denitrification potential was measured using a method by Groffman and Tiedje (1989) as modified by us (Griffiths et al., 1998). Each reaction vessel (25-mL Erlenmeyer flask) contained 5 g of less than 2 mm, field-moist soil. Flasks were sealed with rubber serum bottle stoppers and purged with Ar to displace O in the headspace gas. After purging with Ar, 2 mL of a 1 mM solution of glucose and NO was added to each flask. Flasks were subsequently incubated at 25 degrees C for 1 h. This preincubation period was used because previous time-series experiments showed a lag in NO production during this period. The same experiments have shown linear NO production rates during the following 2-4 h (unpublished data). After the preincubation period, 0.5 mL of headspace gas was removed from the reaction vessel and injected into a gas chromatograph (GC) fitted with an electron capture detector (Hewlett Packard model 5890 GC, connected to a Hewlett Packard model 3396 integrator). The integrator was calibrated by the external calibration method with known gas standards. A second headspace NO analysis was made after an additional 2-h incubation at 25 degrees C. The net NO released over this 2-h period was used to estimate NO production rates.
  • Extractable ammonium was determined by shaking 10 g of field-moist soil with 50 mL 2 M KCl for 1 h (Keeney and Nelson 1982), adding 0.3 mL 10 M NaOH to the slurry, and measuring ammonium concentration with an Orion model 95-12 ammonium electrode (Orion Research Inc., Boston, MA). Mineralizable N was measured by the water-logged technique of Keeney and Bremner (1966). For each analysis, 10 g of field-moist soil were added to 53 mL of distilled water in a 20 x 125 mm screw-cap test tube, and incubated at 40 degrees C for 7 d. Then 53 mL of 4 M KCl were added to the slurry, and ammonium concentration was determined with the ammonium electrode. Mineralizable N was calculated as the difference between initial and final ammonium concentrations.
  • Beta-glucosidase activity was determined by the spectrophotometric assay of Tabatabai and Bremmer (1969), as modified by Zou et al. (1992). One mL of 10 mM p-nitrophenyl b-D glucopyranoside substrate was added to duplicate 1-mL subsamples containing a soil slurry (1 gdw in 1 mL deionized HO). The tubes were shaken and then placed with duplicate controls without substrate in a 30°C water bath for 2 h. After incubating, 1 mL of 10 mM p-nitrophenyl b-D glucopyranoside was added to the controls, and all reactions were immediately stopped by the addition of 2 mL of 0.1 M tris[hydroxymethyl]aminomethane at pH 12.0. The mixtures were centrifuged for 5 min at 500 x g. From the supernatant, 0.2 mL was diluted with 2.0 mL deionized water. The optical density was measured at 410 nm, and a standard curve was prepared from 0.02 to 1.0 micro-mol/mL p-nitrophenol (pNP).

Sampling

Study Extent
  • Sampling frequency: 1 set measurements for each transect at each time
Sampling Description
  • Sampling transects ran from forest meadows into transition zones, where conifers were becoming established in forest meadows, and then into old-growth forests with relatively little understory vegetation. Each transect was made up of three 75 meter segments. Soil samples were taken and field observations made at 5 meter-intervals along these segments. Five sample locations were use as independent sample plots; each containing a single transect which, in turn, had segments in a meadow, transition zone and an old-growth forest.
Spatial Sampling Units
  • Andrews Experimental Forest (HJA)
    W -122.26172200, E -122.10084700, N 44.28196400, S 44.19770400
    Altitude: 1631 to 1631 meter
  • Cascade Head Experimental Forest
    W -123.99172777, E -123.89730000, N 45.06476948, S 45.03130000
Software

No software entries listed in this EML file.

Keywords
  • LTER controlled vocabulary: soil properties (theme), disturbance (theme), inorganic nutrients (theme), meadows (theme)
  • Andrews Experimental Forest site thesaurus: Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) (theme)
  • LTER core research areas: disturbance (theme), inorganic nutrients (theme)
Taxonomic Hierarchy
  • All Organisms: All Organisms
  • Highest common category (ca. kingdom): Fungi
  • Division or Phylum: Basidiomycota
  • Division or Phylum: Basidiomycetes
  • Order: Phallales
  • Family: Hysterangiaceae
  • Genus: Hysterangium
  • Family: Gomphaceae
  • Genus: Gautieria
Data Entities
# Entity Metadata Data
1 SP01601
SP01601
Influence of coniferous tree invasion on forest meadow soil properties:
 METADATA DATA
Metadata
SP01601 - SP01601

Object name: SP01601.csv

Records: 235

Attributes: 21

File size: 21973 byte

Checksum (MD5): c44c59d7e03a03aa25d565885885af20

Format: headers=1, recordDelimiter=\r\n, fieldDelimiter=,, quoteCharacter=", orientation=column

Constraints (1)
  • notNullConstraint: NOTNULL
    SP01601.AIRTEMP, SP01601.DENIT, SP01601.FLDRESP, SP01601.GAUT, SP01601.HYSTER, SP01601.LABRESP, SP01601.LIGHT, SP01601.LITTER, SP01601.MINN, SP01601.MOIST, SP01601.SIR_1M, SP01601.SIR_1NM, SP01601.SITE_NO, SP01601.SOILTEMP, SP01601.TRANSLOC, SP01601.TYPECODE
Attributes (21)
TRANSLOC - numeric(2,0) (ratio)

ID: SP01601.TRANSLOC

Location of sample site along transect starting within og

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008

Unit: number

Precision: 1.000000

Numeric domain: type=natural, min=1.0000 (exclusive=false), max=48.0000 (exclusive=false)

SITE_NO - numeric(2,0) (interval)

ID: SP01601.SITE_NO

Site designator

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008

Unit: number

Precision: 1.000000

Numeric domain: type=natural, min=53.0000 (exclusive=false), max=57.0000 (exclusive=false)

TYPECODE - numeric(1,0) (interval)

ID: SP01601.TYPECODE

Type code: 1=grass; 2=transition; 3=old-growth

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008

Unit: number

Precision: 1.000000

Numeric domain: type=natural, min=1.0000 (exclusive=false), max=3.0000 (exclusive=false)

HYSTER - numeric(3,0) (ratio)

ID: SP01601.HYSTER

Percentage of core containing mycorrhizal mats like those of the genus Hysterangium

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008

Unit: percent

Precision: 1.000000

Numeric domain: type=whole, min=0.0000 (exclusive=false), max=100.0000 (exclusive=false)

GAUT - numeric(3,0) (ratio)

ID: SP01601.GAUT

Percentage of core containing mycorrhizal mats like those of the genus Gautieria

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008

Unit: percent

Precision: 1.000000

Numeric domain: type=whole, min=0.0000 (exclusive=false), max=100.0000 (exclusive=false)

LITTER - numeric(2,0) (ratio)

ID: SP01601.LITTER

Litter depth

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008

Unit: centimeters

Precision: 1.000000

Numeric domain: type=whole, min=0.0000 (exclusive=false), max=20.0000 (exclusive=false)

MOIST - numeric(5,1) (ratio)

ID: SP01601.MOIST

Percent moisture

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008

Unit: percent

Precision: 0.100000

Numeric domain: type=real, min=0.0000 (exclusive=false), max=110.0000 (exclusive=false)

SOILTEMP - numeric(4,1) (ratio)

ID: SP01601.SOILTEMP

Soil temperature measured with Licor

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008

Unit: degrees Celsius

Precision: 0.100000

Numeric domain: type=real, min=0.0000 (exclusive=false), max=30.0000 (exclusive=false)

AIRTEMP - numeric(4,1) (interval)

ID: SP01601.AIRTEMP

Air temperature measured with Licor

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008

Unit: degrees Celsius

Precision: 0.100000

Numeric domain: type=real, min=0.0000 (exclusive=false), max=30.0000 (exclusive=false)

LIGHT - numeric(6,1) (ratio)

ID: SP01601.LIGHT

Amount of light measured with Licor

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008

Unit: micromoles per square meter per second

Precision: 0.100000

Numeric domain: type=real, min=0.0000 (exclusive=false), max=2000.0000 (exclusive=false)

SOM - numeric(5,2) (ratio)

ID: SP01601.SOM

Soil organic matter

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008

Unit: percent

Precision: 0.010000

Numeric domain: type=real, min=10.0000 (exclusive=false), max=110.0000 (exclusive=false)

PH - numeric(4,2) (ratio)

ID: SP01601.PH

pH

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008

Unit: pH units

Precision: 0.010000

Numeric domain: type=real, min=4.0000 (exclusive=false), max=7.0000 (exclusive=false)

EXAMM - numeric(4,2) (ratio)

ID: SP01601.EXAMM

Extractable ammonium (dry weight basis)

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008

Unit: micromoles per gram

Precision: 0.010000

Numeric domain: type=real, min=0.0000 (exclusive=false), max=3.0000 (exclusive=false)

MINN - numeric(5,2) (ratio)

ID: SP01601.MINN

Mineralizable nitrogen (dry weight basis)

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008

Unit: micromoles per gram

Precision: 0.010000

Numeric domain: type=real, min=0.0000 (exclusive=false), max=50.0000 (exclusive=false)

DENIT - numeric(4,1) (ratio)

ID: SP01601.DENIT

Denitrification potential (dry weight basis)

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008

Unit: nanograms per gram per hour

Precision: 0.100000

Numeric domain: type=real, min=0.0000 (exclusive=false), max=100.0000 (exclusive=false)

B_GLUC - numeric(6,3) (ratio)

ID: SP01601.B_GLUC

Beta-glucosidase activity (dry weight basis)

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008

Unit: micromoles per gram per hour

Precision: 0.001000

Numeric domain: type=real, min=0.0000 (exclusive=false), max=1.0000 (exclusive=false)

LABRESP - numeric(4,1) (ratio)

ID: SP01601.LABRESP

Laboratory respiration rates (dry weight basis, as C)

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008

Unit: micrograms per gram per hour

Precision: 0.100000

Numeric domain: type=real, min=0.0000 (exclusive=false), max=50.0000 (exclusive=false)

FLDRESP - numeric(5,2) (ratio)

ID: SP01601.FLDRESP

Field respiration rates (dry weight basis)

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008

Unit: grams per square meter per day

Precision: 0.010000

Numeric domain: type=real, min=0.0000 (exclusive=false), max=100.0000 (exclusive=false)

SIR_H2O - numeric(4,2) (ratio)

ID: SP01601.SIR_H2O

Substrate-induced respiration with only H2O; no substrate added (dry weight basis, as C)

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008

Unit: micrograms per gram per hour

Precision: 0.010000

Numeric domain: type=real, min=-3.0000 (exclusive=false), max=10.0000 (exclusive=false)

SIR_1NM - numeric(6,2) (ratio)

ID: SP01601.SIR_1NM

Substrate-induced respiration with 1 nm glucose added (dry weight basis, as C)

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008

Unit: micrograms per gram per hour

Precision: 0.010000

Numeric domain: type=real, min=-8.0000 (exclusive=false), max=10.0000 (exclusive=false)

SIR_1M - numeric(6,2) (ratio)

ID: SP01601.SIR_1M

Substrate-induced respiration with 1 m glucose added (dry weight basis, as C )

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008

Unit: micrograms per gram per hour

Precision: 0.010000

Numeric domain: type=real, min=-9.0000 (exclusive=false), max=20.0000 (exclusive=false)

Units
micromoles per gram per hour umol/g*hr amountOfSubstanceWeightFlux micromolePerGramPerHour molePerKilogramPerSecond 3.6 micromoles per g per hour
nanograms per gram per hour ng/g*hr massPerMassRate nanogramPerGramPerHour kilogramPerKilogramPerSecond 0.0000000000036 nanograms/gram*hour
grams per square meter per day g/m2*day arealMassDensityRate gramPerMeterSquaredPerDay kilogramPerMeterSquaredPerSecond 86.4 grams per square meter per day
micromoles per square meter per second umol/m2*sec arealAmountOfSubstanceConcentrationRate micromolePerMeterSquaredPerSecond molePerMeterSquaredPerSecond 1000000 micromoles per square meter per second
centimeters cm length centimeter meter 0.01 centimeters; .01 meters
micromoles per gram umol/g amountOfSubstanceWeight micromolePerGram molePerKilogram 0.001 micromoles per gram
pH units ph undefined pH unknown N/A Scale used for pH measurements
micrograms per gram per hour ug/g*hour massPerMassRate microgramPerGramPerHour kilogramPerKilogramPerSecond 0.0036 micrograms per gram per hour
degrees Celsius deg c temperature celsiusDegree kelvin 1 Degrees Celsius; a common unit of temperature; constantToSI=273.18
percent % dimensionless number dimensionless 100 percent; a number
number number dimensionless number dimensionless 1 dimensionless number, i.e., ratio, count
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Related Publications

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Related Files

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Intellectual Rights

Data Use Agreement:

The re-use of scientific data has the potential to greatly increase communication, collaboration and synthesis within and among disciplines, and thus is fostered, supported and encouraged. This Data Set is released under the Creative Commons license CC BY "Attribution" (see: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Creative Commons license CC BY - Attribution is a license that allows others to distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon your work (even commercially), as long as you are credited for the original creation. This license accommodates maximum dissemination and use of licensed materials.

It is considered professional conduct and an ethical obligation to acknowledge the work of other scientists. The Data User is asked to provide attribution of the original work if this data package is shared in whole or by individual parts or used in the derivation of other products. A recommended citation is provided for each Data Set in the Andrews LTER data catalog (see: http://andlter.forestry.oregonstate.edu/data/catalog/datacatalog.aspx). A generic citation is also provided for this Data Set on the website https://portal.edirepository.org in the summary metadata page. Data Users are thus strongly encouraged to consider consultation, collaboration and/or co-authorship with the Data Set Creator.

While substantial efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of data and associated documentation, complete accuracy of data sets cannot be guaranteed and all data are made available "as is." The Data User should be aware, however, that data are updated periodically and it is the responsibility of the Data User to check for new versions of the data. The data authors and the repository where these data were obtained shall not be liable for damages resulting from any use or misinterpretation of the data.

General acknowledgement: Data were provided by the HJ Andrews Experimental Forest research program, funded by the National Science Foundation's Long-Term Ecological Research Program (DEB 2025755), US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, and Oregon State University. If data used in publication, the PI will be listed as a coauthor. Whenever these data are presented in whatever form, the PI will be acknowledged.

Licensed

License: N/A

Maintenance

Maintenance update frequency: irregular

Description

  • An update history is logged and maintained with each new version of every dataset.

Change History

  • Version1 (2001-04-30)
    Original metadata creation.
  • Version2 (2002-02-07)
    Metadata restructured and moved into SQLServer metadata database LTERMETA. Data moved into SQLServer database FSDBDATA.