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SP019: Influence of tree-fall gaps on soil characteristics in the Andrews Experimental Forest, 1999

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Status: irregular
Period: 1999-06-25 to 1999-07-18
Version: 6
Published: 2011-09-14
EDI Package ID: knb-lter-and.3117.6
Source XML: SP019_6.xml

Notice

"As Is" Basis: All content, including maps and forecasts, is provided without warranties. Users are advised to independently verify critical information.

Citation

Griffiths, R. 2011. Influence of tree-fall gaps on soil characteristics in the Andrews Experimental Forest, 1999 Long-Term Ecological Research Andrews Forest LTER Site. [Database]. Available: https://andrewsforest-stage.forestry.oregonstate.edu/data/fsdb-data-catalog/SP019 Accessed 2026-05-10.

Abstract

This is the third and final study in a series of tree-fall gap studies conducted at the HJA addressing the effects of tree-fall gaps on forest soil characteristics. The first looked at the effects of gap size on changes in soil carbon cycling within the gap along N-S transects. The second compared the effects of gaps on soil properties along both N-S and E-W transects to better differentiate between microclimate and vegetation effects within the gaps. The current study expands the number of variables studied and sampling intensity. By using the same grid system as Dr. Gray in his vegetation survey work, we are able to relate below-ground processes with above-ground vegetation. Soil properties in two large 9 year-old tree-fall gaps were compared with soils in the surrounding old-growth Douglas-fir forest by intensive sampling of a circular grid that extended 12 m into the forest. This study was designed compare below-ground soil properties with above-ground vegetation and coarse woody debris distribution patterns using three-dimensional response surfaces and to compare soil properties in and outside the gap. To accomplish this goal, samples were collected along a grid already established by Gray, A.N., and Spies, T.A. (1996) designed to study vegetative succession in tree-fall gaps of varying sizes. We chose to measure soil characteristics at 4-meter intervals using the Gray/Spies grid design. The sample grid was essentially a circle centered within the gap. The sample grid was expanded 12 meters into the surrounding forest so that comparisons could be made between soils within the gap and those in the forest. During the same summer that the soils work was done, Dr. Gray and his students conducted studies of vegetation and coarse woody debris distribution patterns within these same gaps, generating GIS data layers which could be used to directly compare with our soils data.

Coverage

Temporal coverage: 1999-06-25 to 1999-07-18

Geographic coverage: N/A

Bounds: W N/A, E N/A, N N/A, S N/A

Purpose
  • Tree-fall gaps are known to play an important role in the formation and maintenance of old-growth forest structure and forest biodiversity. Prior research has focused on above-ground vegetative succession and population dynamics and little is known about changes occurring below-ground as vegetation becomes reestablished. The interplay between gap microclimatic gradients and both vegetation and the below-ground component of the ecosystem is potentially complex. Thus to understand how gaps influence forest floor characteristics, one must consider both above and below-ground components. This study was designed to make these connections.
  • As expected, soil temperature and moisture were both higher in gaps. Soil respiration, labile carbon concentrations, and litter depth were all lower in the gaps as the result of lower net primary productivity (NPP). The lower Â-glucosidase activities seen in the gaps, probably reflecting lower microbial activities in response to lower carbon cycling rates. Denitrification potentials were, however, almost twice that in the adjacent old-growth forest suggesting that there was more mineralized N available to denitrifying microorganisms in the gap than in the forest. This pattern also suggests that even 9 years after the gap was formed, it had not been colonized by sufficient root and mycorrhizal biomass to act as an effective sink for mineralize N. The low concentration of ectomycorrhizal mats may be symptomatic of this condition.
Project

Title: Long-Term Ecological Research

Personnel
  • Sherri L. Johnson - Principal Investigator
    US Forest Service ;Pacific NW Research Station ;3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
    Phone: 541-758-7771
    Email: sherri.johnson2@usda.gov, sherri.johnson@oregonstate.edu
  • Julia A. Jones - Principal Investigator
    Oregon State University;Department of Geosciences; Wilkinson Hall 104, Corvallis, OR, 97331-5506, USA
    Phone: (541) 737-1224
    Email: Julia.Jones@oregonstate.edu, geojulia@comcast.net
    ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9429-8925
  • Matthew G Betts - Principal Investigator
    Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society; 201E Richardson Hall; College of Forestry; Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331
    Phone: (541) 737-3841
    Email: matt.betts@oregonstate.edu
  • Michael P. Nelson - Principal Investigator
    Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society; 201K Richarson Hall; College of Forestry; Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331
    Phone: 541-737-9221
    Email: mpnelson@oregonstate.edu
    ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6917-4752
  • David Bell - Principal Investigator
    Email: david.bell@usda.gov, david.bell@oregonstate.edu
Abstract
  • The H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest is a living laboratory that provides unparalleled opportunities for the study of forest and stream ecosystems in the central Cascade Range of Oregon. Since 1980, as a part of the National Science Foundation Long Term Ecological Research (NSF-LTER) program, the Andrews Experimental Forest has become a leader in the analysis of forest and stream ecosystem dynamics.
  • Long-term field experiments and measurement programs have focused on climate dynamics, streamflow, water quality, and vegetation succession. Currently researchers are working to develop concepts and tools needed to predict effects of natural disturbance, land use, and climate change on ecosystem structure, function, and species composition.
  • The Andrews Experimental Forest is administered cooperatively by the USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, Oregon State University and the Willamette National Forest. Funding for the research program comes from the National Science Foundation (NSF), US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, Oregon State University, and other sources.
Funding

Data were provided by the HJ Andrews Experimental Forest research program, funded by the National Science Foundation's Long-Term Ecological Research Program (DEB 2025755), US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, and Oregon State University. National Science Foundation: DEB1440409

Study Area Description
  • Long-Term Ecological Research
    The Andrews Forest is situated in the western Cascade Range of Oregon, and covers the entire 15,800-acre (6400-ha) drainage basin of Lookout Creek. Elevation ranges from 1350 to 5340 feet (410 to 1630 m). Broadly representative of the rugged mountainous landscape of the Pacific Northwest, the Andrews Forest contains excellent examples of the region's conifer forests and associated wildlife and stream ecosystems. These forests are among the tallest and most productive in the world, with tree heights of often greater than 250 ft (75 m). Streams are steep, cold and clean, providing habitat for numerous aquatic organisms.
Associated Party
  • Robert P. Griffiths
    Role: Principal Investigator
    Oregon State University;Dept. of Forest Science;321 Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR, 97331-5752, USA
    Phone: (541) 737-6559
    Email: bbgriff@peak.org, griff@for.orst.edu
  • Thomas A. Spies
    Role: Other Researcher
    USDA Forest Service;Pacific NW Research Station;3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
    Phone: (541) 750-7354
    Email: tom.spies@oregonstate.edu, tspies@fs.fed.us
  • Robert P. Griffiths
    Role: Abstractor
    Oregon State University;Dept. of Forest Science;321 Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR, 97331-5752, USA
    Phone: (541) 737-6559
    Email: bbgriff@peak.org, griff@for.orst.edu
  • Robert P. Griffiths
    Role: Creator
    Oregon State University;Dept. of Forest Science;321 Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR, 97331-5752, USA
    Phone: (541) 737-6559
    Email: bbgriff@peak.org, griff@for.orst.edu
Contact
  • Information Manager
    Andrews Forest LTER Program, US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR, 97331
    Email: hjaweb@fsl.orst.edu
Publisher
  • Andrews Forest LTER Site
    Role: Publisher
    Forest Ecosystems and Society Department in Forestry, Oregon State University, 201K Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR, 97331-5752
    Phone: (541) 737-8480
    Email: lterweb@fsl.orst.edu
Study Description

This is the third and final study in a series of tree-fall gap studies conducted at the HJA addressing the effects of tree-fall gaps on forest soil characteristics. The first looked at the effects of gap size on changes in soil carbon cycling within the gap along N-S transects. The second compared the effects of gaps on soil properties along both N-S and E-W transects to better differentiate between microclimate and vegetation effects within the gaps. The current study expands the number of variables studied and sampling intensity. By using the same grid system as Dr. Gray in his vegetation survey work, we are able to relate below-ground processes with above-ground vegetation. Soil properties in two large 9 year-old tree-fall gaps were compared with soils in the surrounding old-growth Douglas-fir forest by intensive sampling of a circular grid that extended 12 m into the forest. This study was designed compare below-ground soil properties with above-ground vegetation and coarse woody debris distribution patterns using three-dimensional response surfaces and to compare soil properties in and outside the gap. To accomplish this goal, samples were collected along a grid already established by Gray, A.N., and Spies, T.A. (1996) designed to study vegetative succession in tree-fall gaps of varying sizes. We chose to measure soil characteristics at 4-meter intervals using the Gray/Spies grid design. The sample grid was essentially a circle centered within the gap. The sample grid was expanded 12 meters into the surrounding forest so that comparisons could be made between soils within the gap and those in the forest. During the same summer that the soils work was done, Dr. Gray and his students conducted studies of vegetation and coarse woody debris distribution patterns within these same gaps, generating GIS data layers which could be used to directly compare with our soils data. Tree-fall gaps are known to play an important role in the formation and maintenance of old-growth forest structure and forest biodiversity. Prior research has focused on above-ground vegetative succession and population dynamics and little is known about changes occurring below-ground as vegetation becomes reestablished. The interplay between gap microclimatic gradients and both vegetation and the below-ground component of the ecosystem is potentially complex. Thus to understand how gaps influence forest floor characteristics, one must consider both above and below-ground components. This study was designed to make these connections. Laboratory Methods - SP019

Purpose: Tree-fall gaps are known to play an important role in the formation and maintenance of old-growth forest structure and forest biodiversity. Prior research has focused on above-ground vegetative succession and population dynamics and little is known about changes occurring below-ground as vegetation becomes reestablished. The interplay between gap microclimatic gradients and both vegetation and the below-ground component of the ecosystem is potentially complex. Thus to understand how gaps influence forest floor characteristics, one must consider both above and below-ground components. This study was designed to make these connections.

Methods

Method Steps

Laboratory Methods - SP019
  • In preparation for laboratory analyses, all soils were sieved through a 2-mm sieve. Soil moisture was determined by drying duplicate 10 g field-moist sieved soils at 100 degrees C for at least 8 h. The percent soil moisture was calculated by dividing the difference between wet and dry samples and dividing that number by the wet wt., which was then multiplied by 100.
  • Duplicate denitrification potential measurements were made using a method by Groffman and Tiedje (1989) as modified by us (Griffiths et al., 1998). Each reaction vessel (25-mL Erlenmeyer flask) contained 5 g of less than 2 mm, field-moist soil. Flasks were sealed with rubber serum bottle stoppers and purged with Ar to displace O in the headspace gas. After purging with Ar, 2 mL of a 1mM solution of glucose and NO was added to each flask. Flasks were subsequently incubated at 25 degrees C for 1 h. This preincubation period was used because previous time-series experiments showed a lag in NO production during this period. The same experiments have shown linear NO production rates during the following 2-4 h (unpublished data). After the preincubation period, 0.5 mL of headspace gas was removed from the reaction vessel and injected into a gas chromatograph (GC) fitted with an electron capture detector (Hewlett Packard model 5890 GC, connected to a Hewlett Packard model 3396 integrator). The integrator was calibrated by the external calibration method with known gas standards. A second headspace NO analysis was made after an additional 2-h incubation at 25 degrees C. The net NO released over this 2-h period was used to estimate NO production rates.
  • Duplicate laboratory respiration measurements were made on field-moist, sieved soils (4 g dry weight). These rates represent the basal respiration rate for soil microorganisms. Soils were brought to 75% moisture content by the addition of enough sterile deionized water to equal 3 g water per 25-mL Erlenmeyer flask. Once sealed with serum bottle stoppers, the flasks were incubated at 24 degrees C for 14 days before a headspace CO measurement was made. The same GC and integrator as were used for this assay as that used to measure NO, but in this case a flame ionization detector and a methanizer in series were used. This was a measure of labile soil carbon.
  • Beta-glucosidase activity was determined by the spectrophotometric assay of Tabatabai and Bremmer (1969), as modified by Zou et al. (1992). One mL of 10 mM p-nitrophenyl b-D glucopyranoside substrate was added to duplicate 1-mL subsamples containing a soil slurry (1 gdw in 1 mL deionized HO). The tubes were shaken and then placed with duplicate controls without substrate in a 30 degrees C water bath for 2 h. After incubating, 1 mL of 10 mM p-nitrophenyl b-D glucopyranoside was added to the controls, and all reactions were immediately stopped by the addition of 2 mL of 0.1 M tris[hydroxymethyl]aminomethane at pH 12.0. The mixtures were centrifuged for 5 min at 500 x g. From the supernatant, 0.2 mL was diluted with 2.0 mL deionized water. The optical density was measured at 410 nm, and a standard curve was prepared from 0.02 to 1.0 micro-mol/mL p-nitrophenol (pNP). Duplicate aliquots and controls were run for all samples.
Field Methods - SP019
  • The following measurements were made in the field: litter depth, mineral soil respiration, ambient light, soil temperature and ectomycorrhizal mat characteristics.
  • Field (mineral soil) respiration rates were measured with a nondispersive, infrared CO analyzer (Li-Cor, LI-6200). Measurements were made over a period of 1 min after the chamber gas reached ambient CO concentration. The instrument was calibrated on site against a known standard at each location. A Q10 adjustment was made for ambient soil temperature. Soil temperature was measured by electronic thermometers calibrated at 0 degreesC with ice water. The temperature probes were inserted into the mineral soil to a depth of 10 cm. Light was measured with the Li-Cor photometer.
  • The distribution of ectomycorrhizal mats was determined visually in the field by inspecting the relative abundance of mats in 4.7 x 10 cm cores. Two distinct mat types were scored: (1) mats similar to those of the genus Hysterangium and (2) mats similar to those of the genus Gautieria. This approach has been used successfully in the past to document ectomycorrhizal mat distribution patterns in coniferous forests of the Pacific Northwest (Griffiths et al. 1996).

Sampling

Study Extent
  • Sampling frequency: 1 set of measurements at each sample node on grid
Sampling Description
  • The experimental design and site descriptions have been published (Gray and Spies, 1996, 1997) but are summarized below. Two 50 m gaps were used to determine how large tree-fall gaps influence below-ground properties. These gaps were created in the fall of 1990 at a site located 44 15 N, 122 15 W at an elevation of 900 m at the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest in the Central Oregon Cascade Mountains. This study was conducted 9 years after gap formation. This site and the rational for this long-term study have been described by Gray and Spies (1996). Cores (4.7 x 10 cm) were collected in a sampling grid with nodes every 4 m. Sampling was done throughout the grid within the gap and 12 m all directions into the surrounding old-growth forest. In this way we could compare gap and non-gap influences on the soils. In all, 269 locations were sampled in each of these grids.
  • Citation:
  • Gray, A.N., and Spies, T.A. (1996) Gap size, within-gap position and canopy structure effects on conifer seedling establishment. Journal of Ecology 84, 635-645.
  • Gray, A.N., and Spies, T.A. (1997) Microsite controls on tree seedling establishment in conifer forest canopy gaps. Ecology, 78, 2458-2473.
Spatial Sampling Units
  • Andrews Experimental Forest (HJA)
    W -122.26172200, E -122.10084700, N 44.28196400, S 44.19770400
    Altitude: 1631 to 1631 meter
  • Cascade Head Experimental Forest
    W -123.99172777, E -123.89730000, N 45.06476948, S 45.03130000
Software

No software entries listed in this EML file.

Keywords
  • LTER controlled vocabulary: disturbance (theme), inorganic nutrients (theme), soil (theme), forests (theme), canopy gaps (theme)
  • Andrews Experimental Forest site thesaurus: Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) (theme)
  • LTER core research areas: disturbance (theme), inorganic nutrients (theme)
Taxonomic Hierarchy
  • All Organisms: All Organisms
  • Highest common category (ca. kingdom): Fungi
  • Division or Phylum: Basidiomycota
  • Division or Phylum: Basidiomycetes
  • Order: Phallales
  • Family: Hysterangiaceae
  • Genus: Hysterangium
  • Family: Gomphaceae
  • Genus: Gautieria
Data Entities
# Entity Metadata Data
1 SP01901
SP01901
The influence of tree-fall gaps on soil characteristics:
 METADATA DATA
Metadata
SP01901 - SP01901

Object name: SP01901.csv

Records: 538

Attributes: 19

File size: 36825 byte

Checksum (MD5): 9ae69a114c6faf963ed3cdff5efcc4c6

Format: headers=1, recordDelimiter=\r\n, fieldDelimiter=,, quoteCharacter=", orientation=column

Constraints (1)
  • notNullConstraint: NOTNULL
    SP01901.AIRTEMP, SP01901.B_GLUC, SP01901.DENIT, SP01901.EAST, SP01901.E_WQUAD, SP01901.GAPNUMBR, SP01901.GAPSIZE, SP01901.GAUT, SP01901.HYSTER, SP01901.IN_OUT, SP01901.LABRESP, SP01901.LITTER, SP01901.MOIST, SP01901.NORTH, SP01901.N_SGAP, SP01901.N_SQUAD
Attributes (19)
GAPNUMBR - numeric(3,0) (ratio)

ID: SP01901.GAPNUMBR

Site designator

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008

Unit: number

Precision: 1.000000

Numeric domain: type=natural, min=110.0000 (exclusive=false), max=210.0000 (exclusive=false)

GAPSIZE - numeric(2,0) (ratio)

ID: SP01901.GAPSIZE

All are 50 meters across

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008

Unit: number

Precision: 1.000000

Numeric domain: type=natural, min=50.0000 (exclusive=false), max=50.0000 (exclusive=false)

EAST - numeric(2,0) (ratio)

ID: SP01901.EAST

E-W position on grid with 0=center, negative #s to the west and positive numbers to the east

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008

Unit: number

Precision: 1.000000

Numeric domain: type=integer, min=-36.0000 (exclusive=false), max=36.0000 (exclusive=false)

NORTH - numeric(2,0) (ratio)

ID: SP01901.NORTH

N-S position on grid with 0=center, negative #s to the south and positive numbers to the north

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008

Unit: number

Precision: 1.000000

Numeric domain: type=integer, min=-36.0000 (exclusive=false), max=36.0000 (exclusive=false)

N_SGAP - char(1) (nominal)

ID: SP01901.N_SGAP

N = locattions within the grid to the north of center line and S = those to the south

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008

E_WQUAD - numeric(1,0) (interval)

ID: SP01901.E_WQUAD

1=Eout; 2=Ein; 3=Wout; 4=Win

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008

Unit: number

Precision: 1.000000

Numeric domain: type=natural, min=0.0000 (exclusive=false), max=0.0000 (exclusive=false)

N_SQUAD - numeric(1,0) (interval)

ID: SP01901.N_SQUAD

5=Nout; 6=Nin; 7=Sout; 8=Sin

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008

Unit: number

Precision: 1.000000

Numeric domain: type=whole, min=0.0000 (exclusive=false), max=0.0000 (exclusive=false)

IN_OUT - numeric(1,0) (interval)

ID: SP01901.IN_OUT

1 = out of gap and 2 = in gap

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008

Unit: number

Precision: 1.000000

Numeric domain: type=natural, min=1.0000 (exclusive=false), max=2.0000 (exclusive=false)

MOIST - numeric(5,1) (ratio)

ID: SP01901.MOIST

Percent moisture

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008

Unit: percent

Precision: 0.100000

Numeric domain: type=real, min=20.0000 (exclusive=false), max=350.0000 (exclusive=false)

SOILTEMP - numeric(4,1) (ratio)

ID: SP01901.SOILTEMP

Soil temperature measured with Licor

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008

Unit: degrees Celsius

Precision: 0.100000

Numeric domain: type=real, min=5.0000 (exclusive=false), max=20.0000 (exclusive=false)

AIRTEMP - numeric(4,1) (interval)

ID: SP01901.AIRTEMP

Air temperature measured with Licor

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008

Unit: degrees Celsius

Precision: 0.100000

Numeric domain: type=real, min=5.0000 (exclusive=false), max=35.0000 (exclusive=false)

LIGHT - numeric(6,1) (ratio)

ID: SP01901.LIGHT

Amount of light measured with licor

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008

Unit: micromoles per square meter per second

Precision: 0.100000

Numeric domain: type=real, min=0.0000 (exclusive=false), max=2000.0000 (exclusive=false)

LITTER - numeric(3,0) (ratio)

ID: SP01901.LITTER

Litter depth in cm

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008

Unit: centimeters

Precision: 1.000000

Numeric domain: type=whole, min=0.0000 (exclusive=false), max=15.0000 (exclusive=false)

HYSTER - numeric(3,0) (ratio)

ID: SP01901.HYSTER

Percentage of core containing mycorrhizal mats like those of the genus Hysterangium

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008

Unit: percent

Precision: 1.000000

Numeric domain: type=whole, min=0.0000 (exclusive=false), max=100.0000 (exclusive=false)

GAUT - numeric(3,0) (ratio)

ID: SP01901.GAUT

Percentage of core containing mycorrhizal mats like those of the genus Gautieria

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008

Unit: percent

Precision: 1.000000

Numeric domain: type=whole, min=0.0000 (exclusive=false), max=100.0000 (exclusive=false)

FLDRESP - numeric(5,1) (ratio)

ID: SP01901.FLDRESP

Field respiration rates

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008

Unit: grams per square meter per day

Precision: 0.100000

Numeric domain: type=real, min=0.0000 (exclusive=false), max=100.0000 (exclusive=false)

LABRESP - numeric(5,2) (ratio)

ID: SP01901.LABRESP

Laboratory respiration rates (dry weight basis, as C)

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008

Unit: micrograms per gram per hour

Precision: 0.010000

Numeric domain: type=real, min=0.0000 (exclusive=false), max=4.0000 (exclusive=false)

B_GLUC - numeric(5,3) (ratio)

ID: SP01901.B_GLUC

Beta-glucosidase activity (dry weight basis)

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008

Unit: micromoles per gram per hour

Precision: 0.001000

Numeric domain: type=real, min=0.0000 (exclusive=false), max=2.0000 (exclusive=false)

DENIT - numeric(6,2) (ratio)

ID: SP01901.DENIT

Denitrification potential (dry weight basis, as N)

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008

Unit: nanograms per gram per hour

Precision: 0.010000

Numeric domain: type=real, min=-10.0000 (exclusive=false), max=150.0000 (exclusive=false)

Units
micromoles per gram per hour umol/g*hr amountOfSubstanceWeightFlux micromolePerGramPerHour molePerKilogramPerSecond 3.6 micromoles per g per hour
nanograms per gram per hour ng/g*hr massPerMassRate nanogramPerGramPerHour kilogramPerKilogramPerSecond 0.0000000000036 nanograms/gram*hour
grams per square meter per day g/m2*day arealMassDensityRate gramPerMeterSquaredPerDay kilogramPerMeterSquaredPerSecond 86.4 grams per square meter per day
micrograms per gram per hour ug/g*hour massPerMassRate microgramPerGramPerHour kilogramPerKilogramPerSecond 0.0036 micrograms per gram per hour
micromoles per square meter per second umol/m2*sec arealAmountOfSubstanceConcentrationRate micromolePerMeterSquaredPerSecond molePerMeterSquaredPerSecond 1000000 micromoles per square meter per second
centimeters cm length centimeter meter 0.01 centimeters; .01 meters
percent % dimensionless number dimensionless 100 percent; a number
number number dimensionless number dimensionless 1 dimensionless number, i.e., ratio, count
degrees Celsius deg c temperature celsiusDegree kelvin 1 Degrees Celsius; a common unit of temperature; constantToSI=273.18
Related Datasets
Related Publications

No publication citations found in this EML file.

Related Files

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Intellectual Rights

Data Use Agreement:

The re-use of scientific data has the potential to greatly increase communication, collaboration and synthesis within and among disciplines, and thus is fostered, supported and encouraged. This Data Set is released under the Creative Commons license CC BY "Attribution" (see: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Creative Commons license CC BY - Attribution is a license that allows others to distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon your work (even commercially), as long as you are credited for the original creation. This license accommodates maximum dissemination and use of licensed materials.

It is considered professional conduct and an ethical obligation to acknowledge the work of other scientists. The Data User is asked to provide attribution of the original work if this data package is shared in whole or by individual parts or used in the derivation of other products. A recommended citation is provided for each Data Set in the Andrews LTER data catalog (see: http://andlter.forestry.oregonstate.edu/data/catalog/datacatalog.aspx). A generic citation is also provided for this Data Set on the website https://portal.edirepository.org in the summary metadata page. Data Users are thus strongly encouraged to consider consultation, collaboration and/or co-authorship with the Data Set Creator.

While substantial efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of data and associated documentation, complete accuracy of data sets cannot be guaranteed and all data are made available "as is." The Data User should be aware, however, that data are updated periodically and it is the responsibility of the Data User to check for new versions of the data. The data authors and the repository where these data were obtained shall not be liable for damages resulting from any use or misinterpretation of the data.

General acknowledgement: Data were provided by the HJ Andrews Experimental Forest research program, funded by the National Science Foundation's Long-Term Ecological Research Program (DEB 2025755), US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, and Oregon State University. If data used in publication, the PI will be listed as a coauthor. Whenever these data are presented in whatever form, the PI will be acknowledged.

Licensed

License: N/A

Maintenance

Maintenance update frequency: irregular

Description

  • An update history is logged and maintained with each new version of every dataset.

Change History

  • Version1 (2001-04-22)
    Original metadata creation.
  • Version2 (2002-02-08)
    Metadata restructured and moved into SQLServer metadata database LTERMETA. Data moved into SQLServer database FSDBDATA.