Aquatic insects are strong indicators of water quality and stream characteristics. The streams at HJ Andrews Experimental Forest have high diversity of aquatic insects, many of which are only found in cold streams with pristine water quality. Studies of aquatic insects frequently examine the density and community composition of the juvenile or larval stage of insects and compare communities in headwaters to downstream and responses to disturbances (see database- https://andlter.forestry.oregonstate.edu/data/abstract.aspx?dbcode=SA022). Rates and the timing of the emergence of aquatic macroinvertebrates to their final terrestrial stage have also been quantified to explore responses to changing climate and differing stream temperatures (see database - https://andlter.forestry.oregonstate.edu/data/abstract.aspx?dbcode=SA022).