SA011: Lichen abundance and biodiversity along a chronosequence from young managed stands to ancient forest, 1993
Notice
"As Is" Basis: All content, including maps and forecasts, is provided without warranties. Users are advised to independently verify critical information.
Citation
McCune, B.; Neitlich, P. 2013. Lichen abundance and biodiversity along a chronosequence from young managed stands to ancient forest, 1993 Long-Term Ecological Research Andrews Forest LTER Site. [Database]. Available: https://andrewsforest-stage.forestry.oregonstate.edu/data/fsdb-data-catalog/SA011 Accessed 2026-05-10.
Abstract
The diversity of epiphytic lichens in old growth forests has stimulated considerable research (e.g., Howe 1978, Pike et al. 1975; Hoffman and Kazmierski 1969). We possess few data on the lichen communities of younger stands or the manner in which they develop as the forest ages. As our society grapples with the consequences of habitat loss and pressure on existing natural populations, such data are acutely needed (FEMAT 1993). This paper seeks to describe the relationship between forest age and the abundance and diversity of lichens in one region, and in doing so, to invite more rigorous assessment of the conservation needs of lichens with respect to forest management. Moveover, that documenting these patterns will facilitate research into age- related processes directly influencing lichen abundance and diversity.
Coverage
Temporal coverage: 1993-01-01 to 1993-01-01
Geographic coverage: Study stands are in and around the H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest and Hagan Block Research Natural Area.
Spatial coverage:
Bounds: W -122.26172200, E -122.10084700, N 44.28196400, S 44.19770400
Purpose
No purpose entries listed in this EML file.
Project
Title: Long-Term Ecological Research
Personnel
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Sherri L. Johnson - Principal Investigator US Forest Service ;Pacific NW Research Station ;3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USAPhone: 541-758-7771Email: sherri.johnson2@usda.gov, sherri.johnson@oregonstate.edu
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Julia A. Jones - Principal Investigator Oregon State University;Department of Geosciences; Wilkinson Hall 104, Corvallis, OR, 97331-5506, USAPhone: (541) 737-1224Email: Julia.Jones@oregonstate.edu, geojulia@comcast.netORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9429-8925
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Matthew G Betts - Principal Investigator Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society; 201E Richardson Hall; College of Forestry; Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331Phone: (541) 737-3841Email: matt.betts@oregonstate.edu
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Michael P. Nelson - Principal Investigator Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society; 201K Richarson Hall; College of Forestry; Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331Phone: 541-737-9221Email: mpnelson@oregonstate.eduORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6917-4752
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David Bell - Principal Investigator Email: david.bell@usda.gov, david.bell@oregonstate.edu
Abstract
- The H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest is a living laboratory that provides unparalleled opportunities for the study of forest and stream ecosystems in the central Cascade Range of Oregon. Since 1980, as a part of the National Science Foundation Long Term Ecological Research (NSF-LTER) program, the Andrews Experimental Forest has become a leader in the analysis of forest and stream ecosystem dynamics.
- Long-term field experiments and measurement programs have focused on climate dynamics, streamflow, water quality, and vegetation succession. Currently researchers are working to develop concepts and tools needed to predict effects of natural disturbance, land use, and climate change on ecosystem structure, function, and species composition.
- The Andrews Experimental Forest is administered cooperatively by the USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, Oregon State University and the Willamette National Forest. Funding for the research program comes from the National Science Foundation (NSF), US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, Oregon State University, and other sources.
Funding
Data were provided by the HJ Andrews Experimental Forest research program, funded by the National Science Foundation's Long-Term Ecological Research Program (DEB 2025755), US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, and Oregon State University. National Science Foundation: DEB1440409
Study Area Description
-
Long-Term Ecological Research The Andrews Forest is situated in the western Cascade Range of Oregon, and covers the entire 15,800-acre (6400-ha) drainage basin of Lookout Creek. Elevation ranges from 1350 to 5340 feet (410 to 1630 m). Broadly representative of the rugged mountainous landscape of the Pacific Northwest, the Andrews Forest contains excellent examples of the region's conifer forests and associated wildlife and stream ecosystems. These forests are among the tallest and most productive in the world, with tree heights of often greater than 250 ft (75 m). Streams are steep, cold and clean, providing habitat for numerous aquatic organisms.
Associated Party
-
Bruce P. McCune
Role: Principal InvestigatorOregon State University;Dept. of Botany & Plant Pathology;4575 SW Research Way; Research Way Lab Building;, Corvallis, OR, 97333, USAPhone: (541) 737-1741Email: mccuneb@oregonstate.edu
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Dale R. McCullough
Role: Other Researcher
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Bruce P. McCune
Role: CreatorOregon State University;Dept. of Botany & Plant Pathology;4575 SW Research Way; Research Way Lab Building;, Corvallis, OR, 97333, USAPhone: (541) 737-1741Email: mccuneb@oregonstate.edu
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Peter N. Neitlich
Role: Creator
Contact
-
Information Manager
Andrews Forest LTER Program, US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR, 97331Email: hjaweb@fsl.orst.edu
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Donald L. Henshaw
Pacific Northwest Research Station; Corvallis Forestry Sciences Lab; 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331Email: hja_admin@fsl.orst.edu
Publisher
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Andrews Forest LTER Site
Role: PublisherForest Ecosystems and Society Department in Forestry, Oregon State University, 201K Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR, 97331-5752Phone: (541) 737-8480Email: lterweb@fsl.orst.edu
Study Description
The diversity of epiphytic lichens in old growth forests has stimulated considerable research (e.g., Howe 1978, Pike et al. 1975; Hoffman and Kazmierski 1969). We possess few data on the lichen communities of younger stands or the manner in which they develop as the forest ages. As our society grapples with the consequences of habitat loss and pressure on existing natural populations, such data are acutely needed (FEMAT 1993). This paper seeks to describe the relationship between forest age and the abundance and diversity of lichens in one region, and in doing so, to invite more rigorous assessment of the conservation needs of lichens with respect to forest management. Moveover, that documenting these patterns will facilitate research into age- related processes directly influencing lichen abundance and diversity.
Methods
Method Steps
Method Step 1
No method step description paragraphs listed.
Sampling
Study Extent
- Sampling frequency: once only
Sampling Description
- Lichens were studied in forested stands originating after stand-replacing fires 510, 140, 70 years ago (Teensma 1987) or after clearcuts 40 years ago. Howe (1978) found that northern aspects in old growth reference stands at the H.J.Andrews had greater lichen biomass than southern exposures, and that cyanolichen abundance was greatly limited beyond 150 m vertical distance above streams. In this study I sought to observe how the lichens of different forest age classes compared under optimal conditions and, therefore, chose northern aspects within riparian environments. I hypothesized that suboptimal conditions might mask differences in abundance and biomass among the younger age classes. To focus primary attention on differences among age classes, I tried to maintain as many other environmental variables as possible constant.
- Three study stands were chosen to represent each age class. Stands were chosen according to the following criteria:
- Elevations ranged from 610 m to 915 m above sea level (2000 to 3000 ft). Stands were chosen to avoid elevational overlap such that each site covered about one-third of the 305 m.
- Site aspect ranged from N (0') to NW (315').
- The highest site in each age class was, because of sharp local topography, higher than 150 m vertical distance above the closest stream. The lower two sites were placed within 150m vertical distance above a stream. (Because of a shortage of 140 year old sites that met these criteria, all three of the sites in this age class fell within 150 vertical m of a stream.)
- Stands were located in or as close as possible to the H.J.Andrews Experimental Forest (Fig. 1, Table 2).
- Stands presumably resulted from catastrophic disturbance which left no remnant vegetation from an older period (Teensma 1987). Stands which had sub-catastrophic disturbances after the initial year of establishment were avoided.
- Chen and Franklin (1992) found that edge influence on such biological variables as canopy cover, tree density and seedling regeneration extended up to 80 m into old growth Douglas-fir forests. Edge effects for most variables extended only 60 m -- approximately one old growth tree length. Using these criteria, I chose stands which had a minimum of two hectares located 120 m (two tree lengths) or more from other age classes or remnant trees. Eleven of the twelve stands had between 15 and several thousand hectares greater than 120 m from other age classes or remnant trees.
Spatial Sampling Units
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Andrews Experimental Forest (HJA)
W -122.26172200, E -122.10084700, N 44.28196400, S 44.19770400Altitude: 1631 to 1631 meter
Software
No software entries listed in this EML file.
Keywords
- LTER controlled vocabulary: populations (theme), biology (theme), conservation (theme), ecology (theme), trophic structure (theme), arthropods (theme), lichens (theme)
- Andrews Experimental Forest site thesaurus: Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) (theme), forest management (theme)
- LTER core research areas: populations (theme)
Taxonomic Hierarchy
- All Organisms: All Organisms
- Highest common category (ca. kingdom): Lichen
- Genus: Usnea
- Genus: Sphaerophorus
- Species: Sphaerophorus globosus
- Genus: Platismatia
- Species: Platismatia stenophylla
- Species: Platismatia glauca
- Species: Platismatia herrei
- Genus: Omphalina
- Genus: Nephroma
- Species: Nephroma parile
- Species: Nephroma laevigatum
- Species: Nephroma bellum
- Species: Nephroma helveticum
- Species: Nephroma occultum
- Species: Nephroma resupinatum
- Genus: Hypotrachyna
- Species: Hypotrachyna sinuosa
- Genus: Hypogymnia
- Species: Hypogymnia physodes
- Species: Hypogymnia occidentalis
- Species: Hypogymnia inactiva
- Species: Hypogymnia enteromorpha
- Species: Hypogymnia apinnata
- Species: Hypogymnia austerodes
- Species: Hypogymnia imshaugii
- Species: Hypogymnia metaphysodes
- Species: Hypogymnia oceanica
- Species: Hypogymnia tubulosa
- Genus: Cavernularia
- Species: Cavernularia hultenii
- Genus: Bryoria
- Species: Bryoria pikeii
- Species: Bryoria fuscescens
- Species: Bryoria capillaris
- Species: Bryoria friabilis
- Species: Bryoria oregana
- Species: Bryoria pseudofuscescens
- Genus: Alectoria
- Species: Alectoria sarmentosa
- Species: Alectoria vancouverensis
- Genus: Cetraria
- Species: Cetraria platyphylla
- Species: Cetraria orbata
- Species: Cetraria chlorophylla
- Species: Cetraria canadensis
- Species: Cetraria idahoensis
- Species: Cetraria pallidula
- Genus: Cladonia
- Species: Cladonia squamosa
- Species: Cladonia coniocraea
- Genus: Evernia
- Species: Evernia prunastri
- Genus: Lobaria
- Species: Lobaria pulmonaria
- Species: Lobaria oregana
- Species: Lobaria scrobiculata
- Genus: Parmeliopsis
- Species: Parmeliopsis hyperopta
- Genus: Pseudocyphellaria
- Species: Pseudocyphellaria rainierensis
- Species: Pseudocyphellaria anthraspis
- Species: Pseudocyphellaria anomala
- Species: Pseudocyphellaria crocata
- Genus: Ramalina
- Species: Ramalina farinacea
- Genus: Sticta
- Species: Sticta fuliginosa
- Species: Sticta beauvoisii
- Species: Sticta limbata
- Highest common category (ca. kingdom): Fungi
- Division or Phylum: Ascomycota
- Class: Lecanoromycetes
- Order: Lecanorales
- Family: Parmeliaceae
- Genus: Parmelia
- Species: Parmelia sulcata
- Species: Parmelia saxatilis
- Species: Parmelia pseudosulcata
- Species: Parmelia squarrosa
Data Entities
| # | Entity | Metadata | Data |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |
SA01101
SA01101 Epiphytic Macrolichen Species in and around the Andrews: |
METADATA | DATA |
Metadata
SA01101 - SA01101
Object name: SA01101.csv
Records: 59
Attributes: 11
File size: 3393 byte
Checksum (MD5): d2558a2a4637ae8b85044215316aad5a
Format: headers=1, recordDelimiter=\r\n, fieldDelimiter=,, quoteCharacter=", orientation=column
Constraints (2)
-
primaryKey: PRIMARY SA01101.SPECIES
-
notNullConstraint: NOTNULL SA01101.FORMAT, SA01101.GENUS, SA01101.SPECIES, SA01101.STCODE
Attributes (11)
STCODE - char(10) (nominal)
ID: SA01101.STCODE
Study code
Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008
Code definitions (1)
-
SA011
FSDB Database Code SA011
FORMAT - numeric(1,0) (interval)
ID: SA01101.FORMAT
Format number
Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008
Unit: number
Precision: 1.000000
Numeric domain: type=natural, min=1.0000 (exclusive=false), max=1.0000 (exclusive=false)
GENUS - varchar(20) (nominal)
ID: SA01101.GENUS
Taxonomic category: genus
Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008
Code definitions (19)
-
Alectoria
Alectoria
-
Bryoria
Bryoria
-
Cavernularia
Cavernularia
-
Cetraria
Cetraria
-
Cladonia
Cladonia
-
Evernia
Evernia
-
Hypogymnia
Hypogymnia
-
Hypotrachyna
Hypotrachyna
-
Lobaria
Lobaria
-
Nephroma
Nephroma
-
Omphalina
Omphalina
-
Parmelia
Parmelia
-
Parmeliopsis
Parmeliopsis
-
Platismatia
Platismatia
-
Pseudocyphellaria
Pseudocyphellaria
-
Ramalina
Ramalina
-
Sphaerophorus
Sphaerophorus
-
Sticta
Sticta
-
Usnea
Usnea
SPECIES - varchar(50) (nominal)
ID: SA01101.SPECIES
Taxonomic category: species
Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008
Code definitions (58)
-
Alectoria sarmentosa
Alectoria sarmentosa
-
Alectoria vancouverensis
Alectoria vancouverensis
-
Bryoria capillaris
Bryoria capillaris
-
Bryoria friabilis
Bryoria friabilis
-
Bryoria fuscescens
Bryoria fuscescens
-
Bryoria oregana
Bryoria oregana
-
Bryoria pikeii
Bryoria pikeii
-
Bryoria pseudofuscescens
Bryoria pseudofuscescens
-
Cavernularia hultenii
Cavernularia hultenii
-
Cetraria canadensis
Cetraria canadensis
-
Cetraria chlorophylla
Cetraria chlorophylla
-
Cetraria idahoensis
Cetraria idahoensis
-
Cetraria orbata
Cetraria orbata
-
Cetraria pallidula
Cetraria pallidula
-
Cetraria platyphylla
Cetraria platyphylla
-
Cladonia coniocraea
Cladonia coniocraea
-
Cladonia squamosa
Cladonia squamosa
-
Evernia prunastri
Evernia prunastri
-
Hypogymnia apinnata
Hypogymnia apinnata
-
Hypogymnia austerodes
Hypogymnia austerodes
-
Hypogymnia enteromorpha
Hypogymnia enteromorpha
-
Hypogymnia imshaugii
Hypogymnia imshaugii
-
Hypogymnia inactiva
Hypogymnia inactiva
-
Hypogymnia metaphysodes
Hypogymnia metaphysodes
-
Hypogymnia occidentalis
Hypogymnia occidentalis
-
Hypogymnia oceanica
Hypogymnia oceanica
-
Hypogymnia physodes
Hypogymnia physodes
-
Hypogymnia tubulosa
Hypogymnia tubulosa
-
Hypotrachyna sinuosa
Hypotrachyna sinuosa
-
Lobaria pulmonaria
Lobaria pulmonaria
-
Lobaria scrobiculata
Lobaria scrobiculata
-
Nephroma bellum
Nephroma bellum
-
Nephroma helveticum
Nephroma helveticum
-
Nephroma laevigatum
Nephroma laevigatum
-
Nephroma occultum
Nephroma occultum
-
Nephroma parile
Nephroma parile
-
Nephroma resupinatum
Nephroma resupinatum
-
Omphalina
Omphalina
-
Parmelia pseudosulcata
Parmelia pseudosulcata
-
Parmelia saxatilis
Parmelia saxatilis
-
Parmelia squarrosa
Parmelia squarrosa
-
Parmelia sulcata
Parmelia sulcata
-
Parmeliopsis hyperopta
Parmeliopsis hyperopta
-
Platismatia glauca
Platismatia glauca
-
Platismatia herrei
Platismatia herrei
-
Platismatia stenophylla
Platismatia stenophylla
-
Pseudocyphellaria anomala
Pseudocyphellaria anomala
-
Pseudocyphellaria anthraspis
Pseudocyphellaria anthraspis
-
Pseudocyphellaria crocata
Pseudocyphellaria crocata
-
Pseudocyphellaria rainierensis
Pseudocyphellaria rainierensis
-
Ramalina farinacea
Ramalina farinacea
-
Sphaerophorus globosus
Sphaerophorus globosus
-
Sticta beauvoisii
Sticta beauvoisii
-
Sticta fuliginosa
Sticta fuliginosa
-
Sticta limbata
Sticta limbata
-
Lobaria oregana (blue green morp)
Lobaria oregana (blue green morp)
-
Usnea spp. pendant
Usnea spp. pendant
-
Usnea spp. tufted
Usnea spp. tufted
ORIGIN - char(1) (nominal)
ID: SA01101.ORIGIN
Endemic to the Pacific Northwest indicator
Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008
Code definitions (2)
-
Not endemic to Pacific Northwest
-
A
Endemic to Pacific Northwest
RESSTATUS - char(1) (nominal)
ID: SA01101.RESSTATUS
Residence status by forest stand age class
Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008
Code definitions (6)
-
Not restricted by age of stand in this study
-
B
Mostly restricted to stands of 140 years or older in this study
-
C
Restricted to stands 140 years or older in this study
-
D
Restricted to old-growth in this study
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E
Restricted to old-growth in this study and probably restricted to old- growth globally
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F
Probably restricted only epiphytically to old-growth in this study
AGE510 - char(1) (nominal)
ID: SA01101.AGE510
510 year-old tree age class
Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008
Code definitions (2)
-
Indicates absence of species in this age class
-
X
Indicates presence of species in this age class
AGE140 - char(1) (nominal)
ID: SA01101.AGE140
140 year-old tree age class
Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008
Code definitions (2)
-
Indicates absence of species in this age class
-
X
Indicates presence of species in this age class
AGE70 - char(1) (nominal)
ID: SA01101.AGE70
70 year-old tree age class
Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008
Code definitions (2)
-
Indicates absence of species in this age class
-
X
Indicates presence of species in this age class
AGE40 - char(1) (nominal)
ID: SA01101.AGE40
40 year-old tree age class
Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008
Code definitions (2)
-
Indicates absence of species in this age class
-
X
Indicates presence of species in this age class
COMMENT - char(1) (nominal)
ID: SA01101.COMMENT
Comment
Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008
Code definitions (2)
-
G
Synonym: Nephroma silviae-veteris (Goward et al. 1992)
-
No comment
Units
| number | number | dimensionless | number | dimensionless | 1 | dimensionless number, i.e., ratio, count |
Intellectual Rights
Data Use Agreement:
The re-use of scientific data has the potential to greatly increase communication, collaboration and synthesis within and among disciplines, and thus is fostered, supported and encouraged. This Data Set is released under the Creative Commons license CC BY "Attribution" (see: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Creative Commons license CC BY - Attribution is a license that allows others to distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon your work (even commercially), as long as you are credited for the original creation. This license accommodates maximum dissemination and use of licensed materials.
It is considered professional conduct and an ethical obligation to acknowledge the work of other scientists. The Data User is asked to provide attribution of the original work if this data package is shared in whole or by individual parts or used in the derivation of other products. A recommended citation is provided for each Data Set in the Andrews LTER data catalog (see: http://andlter.forestry.oregonstate.edu/data/catalog/datacatalog.aspx). A generic citation is also provided for this Data Set on the website https://portal.edirepository.org in the summary metadata page. Data Users are thus strongly encouraged to consider consultation, collaboration and/or co-authorship with the Data Set Creator.
While substantial efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of data and associated documentation, complete accuracy of data sets cannot be guaranteed and all data are made available "as is." The Data User should be aware, however, that data are updated periodically and it is the responsibility of the Data User to check for new versions of the data. The data authors and the repository where these data were obtained shall not be liable for damages resulting from any use or misinterpretation of the data.
General acknowledgement: Data were provided by the HJ Andrews Experimental Forest research program, funded by the National Science Foundation's Long-Term Ecological Research Program (DEB 2025755), US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, and Oregon State University.
Licensed
License: N/A
Maintenance
Maintenance update frequency: notPlanned
Description
- An update history is logged and maintained with each new version of every dataset.
Change History
-
Version1 (1995-10-20) Original metadata creation.
-
Version2 (2001-07-04) Metadata restructured and moved into SQLServer metadata database LTERMETA. Data moved into SQLServer database FSDBDATA.
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Version4 (2007-10-23) Database title changed to reflect study rather than a species list. Epiphytic macrolichen species lists now references SA021. Reformatted dataset from freetext to taxa and enum, where appropriate.