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SA011: Lichen abundance and biodiversity along a chronosequence from young managed stands to ancient forest, 1993

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Status: notPlanned
Period: 1993-01-01 to 1993-01-01
Version: 7
Published: 2013-12-27
EDI Package ID: knb-lter-and.2733.7
Source XML: SA011_7.xml

Notice

"As Is" Basis: All content, including maps and forecasts, is provided without warranties. Users are advised to independently verify critical information.

Citation

McCune, B.; Neitlich, P. 2013. Lichen abundance and biodiversity along a chronosequence from young managed stands to ancient forest, 1993 Long-Term Ecological Research Andrews Forest LTER Site. [Database]. Available: https://andrewsforest-stage.forestry.oregonstate.edu/data/fsdb-data-catalog/SA011 Accessed 2026-05-10.

Abstract

The diversity of epiphytic lichens in old growth forests has stimulated considerable research (e.g., Howe 1978, Pike et al. 1975; Hoffman and Kazmierski 1969). We possess few data on the lichen communities of younger stands or the manner in which they develop as the forest ages. As our society grapples with the consequences of habitat loss and pressure on existing natural populations, such data are acutely needed (FEMAT 1993). This paper seeks to describe the relationship between forest age and the abundance and diversity of lichens in one region, and in doing so, to invite more rigorous assessment of the conservation needs of lichens with respect to forest management. Moveover, that documenting these patterns will facilitate research into age- related processes directly influencing lichen abundance and diversity.

Coverage

Temporal coverage: 1993-01-01 to 1993-01-01

Geographic coverage: Study stands are in and around the H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest and Hagan Block Research Natural Area.

Spatial coverage:

Bounds: W -122.26172200, E -122.10084700, N 44.28196400, S 44.19770400

Purpose

No purpose entries listed in this EML file.

Project

Title: Long-Term Ecological Research

Personnel
  • Sherri L. Johnson - Principal Investigator
    US Forest Service ;Pacific NW Research Station ;3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
    Phone: 541-758-7771
    Email: sherri.johnson2@usda.gov, sherri.johnson@oregonstate.edu
  • Julia A. Jones - Principal Investigator
    Oregon State University;Department of Geosciences; Wilkinson Hall 104, Corvallis, OR, 97331-5506, USA
    Phone: (541) 737-1224
    Email: Julia.Jones@oregonstate.edu, geojulia@comcast.net
    ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9429-8925
  • Matthew G Betts - Principal Investigator
    Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society; 201E Richardson Hall; College of Forestry; Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331
    Phone: (541) 737-3841
    Email: matt.betts@oregonstate.edu
  • Michael P. Nelson - Principal Investigator
    Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society; 201K Richarson Hall; College of Forestry; Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331
    Phone: 541-737-9221
    Email: mpnelson@oregonstate.edu
    ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6917-4752
  • David Bell - Principal Investigator
    Email: david.bell@usda.gov, david.bell@oregonstate.edu
Abstract
  • The H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest is a living laboratory that provides unparalleled opportunities for the study of forest and stream ecosystems in the central Cascade Range of Oregon. Since 1980, as a part of the National Science Foundation Long Term Ecological Research (NSF-LTER) program, the Andrews Experimental Forest has become a leader in the analysis of forest and stream ecosystem dynamics.
  • Long-term field experiments and measurement programs have focused on climate dynamics, streamflow, water quality, and vegetation succession. Currently researchers are working to develop concepts and tools needed to predict effects of natural disturbance, land use, and climate change on ecosystem structure, function, and species composition.
  • The Andrews Experimental Forest is administered cooperatively by the USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, Oregon State University and the Willamette National Forest. Funding for the research program comes from the National Science Foundation (NSF), US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, Oregon State University, and other sources.
Funding

Data were provided by the HJ Andrews Experimental Forest research program, funded by the National Science Foundation's Long-Term Ecological Research Program (DEB 2025755), US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, and Oregon State University. National Science Foundation: DEB1440409

Study Area Description
  • Long-Term Ecological Research
    The Andrews Forest is situated in the western Cascade Range of Oregon, and covers the entire 15,800-acre (6400-ha) drainage basin of Lookout Creek. Elevation ranges from 1350 to 5340 feet (410 to 1630 m). Broadly representative of the rugged mountainous landscape of the Pacific Northwest, the Andrews Forest contains excellent examples of the region's conifer forests and associated wildlife and stream ecosystems. These forests are among the tallest and most productive in the world, with tree heights of often greater than 250 ft (75 m). Streams are steep, cold and clean, providing habitat for numerous aquatic organisms.
Associated Party
  • Bruce P. McCune
    Role: Principal Investigator
    Oregon State University;Dept. of Botany & Plant Pathology;4575 SW Research Way; Research Way Lab Building;, Corvallis, OR, 97333, USA
    Phone: (541) 737-1741
    Email: mccuneb@oregonstate.edu
  • Dale R. McCullough
    Role: Other Researcher
  • Bruce P. McCune
    Role: Creator
    Oregon State University;Dept. of Botany & Plant Pathology;4575 SW Research Way; Research Way Lab Building;, Corvallis, OR, 97333, USA
    Phone: (541) 737-1741
    Email: mccuneb@oregonstate.edu
  • Peter N. Neitlich
    Role: Creator
Contact
  • Information Manager
    Andrews Forest LTER Program, US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR, 97331
    Email: hjaweb@fsl.orst.edu
  • Donald L. Henshaw
    Pacific Northwest Research Station; Corvallis Forestry Sciences Lab; 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331
    Email: hja_admin@fsl.orst.edu
Publisher
  • Andrews Forest LTER Site
    Role: Publisher
    Forest Ecosystems and Society Department in Forestry, Oregon State University, 201K Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR, 97331-5752
    Phone: (541) 737-8480
    Email: lterweb@fsl.orst.edu
Study Description

The diversity of epiphytic lichens in old growth forests has stimulated considerable research (e.g., Howe 1978, Pike et al. 1975; Hoffman and Kazmierski 1969). We possess few data on the lichen communities of younger stands or the manner in which they develop as the forest ages. As our society grapples with the consequences of habitat loss and pressure on existing natural populations, such data are acutely needed (FEMAT 1993). This paper seeks to describe the relationship between forest age and the abundance and diversity of lichens in one region, and in doing so, to invite more rigorous assessment of the conservation needs of lichens with respect to forest management. Moveover, that documenting these patterns will facilitate research into age- related processes directly influencing lichen abundance and diversity.

Methods

Method Steps

Method Step 1

No method step description paragraphs listed.

Sampling

Study Extent
  • Sampling frequency: once only
Sampling Description
  • Lichens were studied in forested stands originating after stand-replacing fires 510, 140, 70 years ago (Teensma 1987) or after clearcuts 40 years ago. Howe (1978) found that northern aspects in old growth reference stands at the H.J.Andrews had greater lichen biomass than southern exposures, and that cyanolichen abundance was greatly limited beyond 150 m vertical distance above streams. In this study I sought to observe how the lichens of different forest age classes compared under optimal conditions and, therefore, chose northern aspects within riparian environments. I hypothesized that suboptimal conditions might mask differences in abundance and biomass among the younger age classes. To focus primary attention on differences among age classes, I tried to maintain as many other environmental variables as possible constant.
  • Three study stands were chosen to represent each age class. Stands were chosen according to the following criteria:
  • Elevations ranged from 610 m to 915 m above sea level (2000 to 3000 ft). Stands were chosen to avoid elevational overlap such that each site covered about one-third of the 305 m.
  • Site aspect ranged from N (0') to NW (315').
  • The highest site in each age class was, because of sharp local topography, higher than 150 m vertical distance above the closest stream. The lower two sites were placed within 150m vertical distance above a stream. (Because of a shortage of 140 year old sites that met these criteria, all three of the sites in this age class fell within 150 vertical m of a stream.)
  • Stands were located in or as close as possible to the H.J.Andrews Experimental Forest (Fig. 1, Table 2).
  • Stands presumably resulted from catastrophic disturbance which left no remnant vegetation from an older period (Teensma 1987). Stands which had sub-catastrophic disturbances after the initial year of establishment were avoided.
  • Chen and Franklin (1992) found that edge influence on such biological variables as canopy cover, tree density and seedling regeneration extended up to 80 m into old growth Douglas-fir forests. Edge effects for most variables extended only 60 m -- approximately one old growth tree length. Using these criteria, I chose stands which had a minimum of two hectares located 120 m (two tree lengths) or more from other age classes or remnant trees. Eleven of the twelve stands had between 15 and several thousand hectares greater than 120 m from other age classes or remnant trees.
Spatial Sampling Units
  • Andrews Experimental Forest (HJA)
    W -122.26172200, E -122.10084700, N 44.28196400, S 44.19770400
    Altitude: 1631 to 1631 meter
Software

No software entries listed in this EML file.

Keywords
  • LTER controlled vocabulary: populations (theme), biology (theme), conservation (theme), ecology (theme), trophic structure (theme), arthropods (theme), lichens (theme)
  • Andrews Experimental Forest site thesaurus: Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) (theme), forest management (theme)
  • LTER core research areas: populations (theme)
Taxonomic Hierarchy
  • All Organisms: All Organisms
  • Highest common category (ca. kingdom): Lichen
  • Genus: Usnea
  • Genus: Sphaerophorus
  • Species: Sphaerophorus globosus
  • Genus: Platismatia
  • Species: Platismatia stenophylla
  • Species: Platismatia glauca
  • Species: Platismatia herrei
  • Genus: Omphalina
  • Genus: Nephroma
  • Species: Nephroma parile
  • Species: Nephroma laevigatum
  • Species: Nephroma bellum
  • Species: Nephroma helveticum
  • Species: Nephroma occultum
  • Species: Nephroma resupinatum
  • Genus: Hypotrachyna
  • Species: Hypotrachyna sinuosa
  • Genus: Hypogymnia
  • Species: Hypogymnia physodes
  • Species: Hypogymnia occidentalis
  • Species: Hypogymnia inactiva
  • Species: Hypogymnia enteromorpha
  • Species: Hypogymnia apinnata
  • Species: Hypogymnia austerodes
  • Species: Hypogymnia imshaugii
  • Species: Hypogymnia metaphysodes
  • Species: Hypogymnia oceanica
  • Species: Hypogymnia tubulosa
  • Genus: Cavernularia
  • Species: Cavernularia hultenii
  • Genus: Bryoria
  • Species: Bryoria pikeii
  • Species: Bryoria fuscescens
  • Species: Bryoria capillaris
  • Species: Bryoria friabilis
  • Species: Bryoria oregana
  • Species: Bryoria pseudofuscescens
  • Genus: Alectoria
  • Species: Alectoria sarmentosa
  • Species: Alectoria vancouverensis
  • Genus: Cetraria
  • Species: Cetraria platyphylla
  • Species: Cetraria orbata
  • Species: Cetraria chlorophylla
  • Species: Cetraria canadensis
  • Species: Cetraria idahoensis
  • Species: Cetraria pallidula
  • Genus: Cladonia
  • Species: Cladonia squamosa
  • Species: Cladonia coniocraea
  • Genus: Evernia
  • Species: Evernia prunastri
  • Genus: Lobaria
  • Species: Lobaria pulmonaria
  • Species: Lobaria oregana
  • Species: Lobaria scrobiculata
  • Genus: Parmeliopsis
  • Species: Parmeliopsis hyperopta
  • Genus: Pseudocyphellaria
  • Species: Pseudocyphellaria rainierensis
  • Species: Pseudocyphellaria anthraspis
  • Species: Pseudocyphellaria anomala
  • Species: Pseudocyphellaria crocata
  • Genus: Ramalina
  • Species: Ramalina farinacea
  • Genus: Sticta
  • Species: Sticta fuliginosa
  • Species: Sticta beauvoisii
  • Species: Sticta limbata
  • Highest common category (ca. kingdom): Fungi
  • Division or Phylum: Ascomycota
  • Class: Lecanoromycetes
  • Order: Lecanorales
  • Family: Parmeliaceae
  • Genus: Parmelia
  • Species: Parmelia sulcata
  • Species: Parmelia saxatilis
  • Species: Parmelia pseudosulcata
  • Species: Parmelia squarrosa
Data Entities
# Entity Metadata Data
1 SA01101
SA01101
Epiphytic Macrolichen Species in and around the Andrews:
METADATA DATA
Metadata
SA01101 - SA01101

Object name: SA01101.csv

Records: 59

Attributes: 11

File size: 3393 byte

Checksum (MD5): d2558a2a4637ae8b85044215316aad5a

Format: headers=1, recordDelimiter=\r\n, fieldDelimiter=,, quoteCharacter=", orientation=column

Constraints (2)
  • primaryKey: PRIMARY
    SA01101.SPECIES
  • notNullConstraint: NOTNULL
    SA01101.FORMAT, SA01101.GENUS, SA01101.SPECIES, SA01101.STCODE
Attributes (11)
STCODE - char(10) (nominal)

ID: SA01101.STCODE

Study code

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008

Code definitions (1)
  • SA011
    FSDB Database Code SA011
FORMAT - numeric(1,0) (interval)

ID: SA01101.FORMAT

Format number

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008

Unit: number

Precision: 1.000000

Numeric domain: type=natural, min=1.0000 (exclusive=false), max=1.0000 (exclusive=false)

GENUS - varchar(20) (nominal)

ID: SA01101.GENUS

Taxonomic category: genus

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008

Code definitions (19)
  • Alectoria
    Alectoria
  • Bryoria
    Bryoria
  • Cavernularia
    Cavernularia
  • Cetraria
    Cetraria
  • Cladonia
    Cladonia
  • Evernia
    Evernia
  • Hypogymnia
    Hypogymnia
  • Hypotrachyna
    Hypotrachyna
  • Lobaria
    Lobaria
  • Nephroma
    Nephroma
  • Omphalina
    Omphalina
  • Parmelia
    Parmelia
  • Parmeliopsis
    Parmeliopsis
  • Platismatia
    Platismatia
  • Pseudocyphellaria
    Pseudocyphellaria
  • Ramalina
    Ramalina
  • Sphaerophorus
    Sphaerophorus
  • Sticta
    Sticta
  • Usnea
    Usnea
SPECIES - varchar(50) (nominal)

ID: SA01101.SPECIES

Taxonomic category: species

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008

Code definitions (58)
  • Alectoria sarmentosa
    Alectoria sarmentosa
  • Alectoria vancouverensis
    Alectoria vancouverensis
  • Bryoria capillaris
    Bryoria capillaris
  • Bryoria friabilis
    Bryoria friabilis
  • Bryoria fuscescens
    Bryoria fuscescens
  • Bryoria oregana
    Bryoria oregana
  • Bryoria pikeii
    Bryoria pikeii
  • Bryoria pseudofuscescens
    Bryoria pseudofuscescens
  • Cavernularia hultenii
    Cavernularia hultenii
  • Cetraria canadensis
    Cetraria canadensis
  • Cetraria chlorophylla
    Cetraria chlorophylla
  • Cetraria idahoensis
    Cetraria idahoensis
  • Cetraria orbata
    Cetraria orbata
  • Cetraria pallidula
    Cetraria pallidula
  • Cetraria platyphylla
    Cetraria platyphylla
  • Cladonia coniocraea
    Cladonia coniocraea
  • Cladonia squamosa
    Cladonia squamosa
  • Evernia prunastri
    Evernia prunastri
  • Hypogymnia apinnata
    Hypogymnia apinnata
  • Hypogymnia austerodes
    Hypogymnia austerodes
  • Hypogymnia enteromorpha
    Hypogymnia enteromorpha
  • Hypogymnia imshaugii
    Hypogymnia imshaugii
  • Hypogymnia inactiva
    Hypogymnia inactiva
  • Hypogymnia metaphysodes
    Hypogymnia metaphysodes
  • Hypogymnia occidentalis
    Hypogymnia occidentalis
  • Hypogymnia oceanica
    Hypogymnia oceanica
  • Hypogymnia physodes
    Hypogymnia physodes
  • Hypogymnia tubulosa
    Hypogymnia tubulosa
  • Hypotrachyna sinuosa
    Hypotrachyna sinuosa
  • Lobaria pulmonaria
    Lobaria pulmonaria
  • Lobaria scrobiculata
    Lobaria scrobiculata
  • Nephroma bellum
    Nephroma bellum
  • Nephroma helveticum
    Nephroma helveticum
  • Nephroma laevigatum
    Nephroma laevigatum
  • Nephroma occultum
    Nephroma occultum
  • Nephroma parile
    Nephroma parile
  • Nephroma resupinatum
    Nephroma resupinatum
  • Omphalina
    Omphalina
  • Parmelia pseudosulcata
    Parmelia pseudosulcata
  • Parmelia saxatilis
    Parmelia saxatilis
  • Parmelia squarrosa
    Parmelia squarrosa
  • Parmelia sulcata
    Parmelia sulcata
  • Parmeliopsis hyperopta
    Parmeliopsis hyperopta
  • Platismatia glauca
    Platismatia glauca
  • Platismatia herrei
    Platismatia herrei
  • Platismatia stenophylla
    Platismatia stenophylla
  • Pseudocyphellaria anomala
    Pseudocyphellaria anomala
  • Pseudocyphellaria anthraspis
    Pseudocyphellaria anthraspis
  • Pseudocyphellaria crocata
    Pseudocyphellaria crocata
  • Pseudocyphellaria rainierensis
    Pseudocyphellaria rainierensis
  • Ramalina farinacea
    Ramalina farinacea
  • Sphaerophorus globosus
    Sphaerophorus globosus
  • Sticta beauvoisii
    Sticta beauvoisii
  • Sticta fuliginosa
    Sticta fuliginosa
  • Sticta limbata
    Sticta limbata
  • Lobaria oregana (blue green morp)
    Lobaria oregana (blue green morp)
  • Usnea spp. pendant
    Usnea spp. pendant
  • Usnea spp. tufted
    Usnea spp. tufted
ORIGIN - char(1) (nominal)

ID: SA01101.ORIGIN

Endemic to the Pacific Northwest indicator

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008

Code definitions (2)
  •  
    Not endemic to Pacific Northwest
  • A
    Endemic to Pacific Northwest
RESSTATUS - char(1) (nominal)

ID: SA01101.RESSTATUS

Residence status by forest stand age class

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008

Code definitions (6)
  •  
    Not restricted by age of stand in this study
  • B
    Mostly restricted to stands of 140 years or older in this study
  • C
    Restricted to stands 140 years or older in this study
  • D
    Restricted to old-growth in this study
  • E
    Restricted to old-growth in this study and probably restricted to old- growth globally
  • F
    Probably restricted only epiphytically to old-growth in this study
AGE510 - char(1) (nominal)

ID: SA01101.AGE510

510 year-old tree age class

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008

Code definitions (2)
  •  
    Indicates absence of species in this age class
  • X
    Indicates presence of species in this age class
AGE140 - char(1) (nominal)

ID: SA01101.AGE140

140 year-old tree age class

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008

Code definitions (2)
  •  
    Indicates absence of species in this age class
  • X
    Indicates presence of species in this age class
AGE70 - char(1) (nominal)

ID: SA01101.AGE70

70 year-old tree age class

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008

Code definitions (2)
  •  
    Indicates absence of species in this age class
  • X
    Indicates presence of species in this age class
AGE40 - char(1) (nominal)

ID: SA01101.AGE40

40 year-old tree age class

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008

Code definitions (2)
  •  
    Indicates absence of species in this age class
  • X
    Indicates presence of species in this age class
COMMENT - char(1) (nominal)

ID: SA01101.COMMENT

Comment

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008

Code definitions (2)
  • G
    Synonym: Nephroma silviae-veteris (Goward et al. 1992)
  •  
    No comment
Units
number number dimensionless number dimensionless 1 dimensionless number, i.e., ratio, count
Intellectual Rights

Data Use Agreement:

The re-use of scientific data has the potential to greatly increase communication, collaboration and synthesis within and among disciplines, and thus is fostered, supported and encouraged. This Data Set is released under the Creative Commons license CC BY "Attribution" (see: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Creative Commons license CC BY - Attribution is a license that allows others to distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon your work (even commercially), as long as you are credited for the original creation. This license accommodates maximum dissemination and use of licensed materials.

It is considered professional conduct and an ethical obligation to acknowledge the work of other scientists. The Data User is asked to provide attribution of the original work if this data package is shared in whole or by individual parts or used in the derivation of other products. A recommended citation is provided for each Data Set in the Andrews LTER data catalog (see: http://andlter.forestry.oregonstate.edu/data/catalog/datacatalog.aspx). A generic citation is also provided for this Data Set on the website https://portal.edirepository.org in the summary metadata page. Data Users are thus strongly encouraged to consider consultation, collaboration and/or co-authorship with the Data Set Creator.

While substantial efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of data and associated documentation, complete accuracy of data sets cannot be guaranteed and all data are made available "as is." The Data User should be aware, however, that data are updated periodically and it is the responsibility of the Data User to check for new versions of the data. The data authors and the repository where these data were obtained shall not be liable for damages resulting from any use or misinterpretation of the data.

General acknowledgement: Data were provided by the HJ Andrews Experimental Forest research program, funded by the National Science Foundation's Long-Term Ecological Research Program (DEB 2025755), US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, and Oregon State University.

Licensed

License: N/A

Maintenance

Maintenance update frequency: notPlanned

Description

  • An update history is logged and maintained with each new version of every dataset.

Change History

  • Version1 (1995-10-20)
    Original metadata creation.
  • Version2 (2001-07-04)
    Metadata restructured and moved into SQLServer metadata database LTERMETA. Data moved into SQLServer database FSDBDATA.
  • Version4 (2007-10-23)
    Database title changed to reflect study rather than a species list. Epiphytic macrolichen species lists now references SA021. Reformatted dataset from freetext to taxa and enum, where appropriate.