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SA028: Hummingbird foraging patterns across alpine meadows with RFID-equipped feeders in the HJ Andrews Experimental Forest, 2014-2017

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Status: asNeeded
Period: 2014-07-11 to 2017-07-25
Version: 2
Published: 2021-07-30
EDI Package ID: knb-lter-and.5486.2
Source XML: SA028_2.xml

Notice

"As Is" Basis: All content, including maps and forecasts, is provided without warranties. Users are advised to independently verify critical information.

Citation

Frey, S.; Gannon, D.; Betts, M. 2021. Hummingbird foraging patterns across alpine meadows with RFID-equipped feeders in the HJ Andrews Experimental Forest, 2014-2017 Long-Term Ecological Research Andrews Forest LTER Site. [Database]. Available: https://andrewsforest-stage.forestry.oregonstate.edu/data/fsdb-data-catalog/SA028 Accessed 2026-05-10.

Abstract

Landscape changes can alter pollinator movement and foraging patterns which can in turn influence demographic processes of plant populations. In the Cascade Mountains of the Pacific Northwest, USA, forests are encroaching on alpine meadows that harbor diverse plant and pollinator communities. Whether encroachment and isolation of sub-meadows will influence pollinator foraging behaviors is unknown. To help assess those behaviors, subcutaneous Passive Integrated Transponders were implanted into 163 Rufous Hummingbirds (Selasphorus rufus), common avian pollinators in western North America and four arrays of five hummingbird feeders were established equipped with Radio Frequency Identification data loggers to passively relocate individuals at points throughout the landscape. The feeder arrays were established on four peaks along Frizzel Ridge in the H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest (Lookout Mountain, M1, M2, and Carpenter Mountain). A center feeder was established in a large, central alpine meadow and four satellite feeders c.a. 250m from the center. The satellite feeders were positioned such that at least one was in the open and connected to the center feeder by open habitat, one was in the open but separated from the center by coniferous forest canopy, and one was placed under coniferous forest canopy. Feeders were maintained for 1.5-12 weeks per year from 2014-2017.

Coverage

Temporal coverage: 2014-07-11 to 2017-07-25

Geographic coverage: Frizzel Ridge, H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest, Western Cascades, Oregon

Spatial coverage:

Bounds: W -122.14853830, E -122.10667890, N 44.28102840, S 44.20377240

Purpose
  • We aimed to test two hypotheses of how forest encroachment could reduce the functional connectivity of the landscape by influencing hummingbird foraging patterns. First, if hummingbirds fly low, foraging at flowers in sequence within meadows where flower resources are abundant and avoid flying into forested areas where floral resources are generally less abundant, forests make act as a (potentially 'leaky') barrier to movement. Second, if hummingbirds fly over the canopy to forage in disconnected meadows, flowering plants that get overgrown by woody vegetation may not be discovered by birds as they fly above the canopy. Thus, further encroachment could inhibit resource discover and lower the effective population sizes of ornithophilous plants.
Project

Title: Long-Term Ecological Research

Personnel
  • Sherri L. Johnson - Principal Investigator
    US Forest Service ;Pacific NW Research Station ;3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
    Phone: 541-758-7771
    Email: sherri.johnson2@usda.gov, sherri.johnson@oregonstate.edu
  • Julia A. Jones - Principal Investigator
    Oregon State University;Department of Geosciences; Wilkinson Hall 104, Corvallis, OR, 97331-5506, USA
    Phone: (541) 737-1224
    Email: Julia.Jones@oregonstate.edu, geojulia@comcast.net
    ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9429-8925
  • Matthew G Betts - Principal Investigator
    Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society; 201E Richardson Hall; College of Forestry; Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331
    Phone: (541) 737-3841
    Email: matt.betts@oregonstate.edu
  • Michael P. Nelson - Principal Investigator
    Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society; 201K Richarson Hall; College of Forestry; Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331
    Phone: 541-737-9221
    Email: mpnelson@oregonstate.edu
    ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6917-4752
  • David Bell - Principal Investigator
    Email: david.bell@usda.gov, david.bell@oregonstate.edu
Abstract
  • The H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest is a living laboratory that provides unparalleled opportunities for the study of forest and stream ecosystems in the central Cascade Range of Oregon. Since 1980, as a part of the National Science Foundation Long Term Ecological Research (NSF-LTER) program, the Andrews Experimental Forest has become a leader in the analysis of forest and stream ecosystem dynamics.
  • Long-term field experiments and measurement programs have focused on climate dynamics, streamflow, water quality, and vegetation succession. Currently researchers are working to develop concepts and tools needed to predict effects of natural disturbance, land use, and climate change on ecosystem structure, function, and species composition.
  • The Andrews Experimental Forest is administered cooperatively by the USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, Oregon State University and the Willamette National Forest. Funding for the research program comes from the National Science Foundation (NSF), US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, Oregon State University, and other sources.
Funding

Data were provided by the HJ Andrews Experimental Forest research program, funded by the National Science Foundation's Long-Term Ecological Research Program (DEB 2025755), US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, and Oregon State University. National Science Foundation: DEB1440409

Study Area Description
  • Long-Term Ecological Research
    The Andrews Forest is situated in the western Cascade Range of Oregon, and covers the entire 15,800-acre (6400-ha) drainage basin of Lookout Creek. Elevation ranges from 1350 to 5340 feet (410 to 1630 m). Broadly representative of the rugged mountainous landscape of the Pacific Northwest, the Andrews Forest contains excellent examples of the region's conifer forests and associated wildlife and stream ecosystems. These forests are among the tallest and most productive in the world, with tree heights of often greater than 250 ft (75 m). Streams are steep, cold and clean, providing habitat for numerous aquatic organisms.
Associated Party
  • Matthew G Betts
    Role: Principal Investigator
    Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society; 201E Richardson Hall; College of Forestry; Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331
    Phone: (541) 737-3841
    Email: matt.betts@oregonstate.edu
  • Dustin Gannon
    Role: Other Researcher
    2074A Cordley Hall, 2701 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, United States
    Email: gannondu@oregonstate.edu, dustygannon93@gmail.com
  • Adam Scott Hadley
    Role: Other Researcher
    Forest Ecosystems and Society;Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
    Email: hadley.adam@gmail.com
  • Sarah J. K. Frey
    Role: Creator
    Forest Ecosystems and Society;Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331
    Email: sjkfrey@gmail.com
  • Dustin Gannon
    Role: Creator
    2074A Cordley Hall, 2701 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, United States
    Email: gannondu@oregonstate.edu, dustygannon93@gmail.com
  • Matthew G Betts
    Role: Creator
    Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society; 201E Richardson Hall; College of Forestry; Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331
    Phone: (541) 737-3841
    Email: matt.betts@oregonstate.edu
Contact
  • Information Manager
    Andrews Forest LTER Program, US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR, 97331
    Email: hjaweb@fsl.orst.edu
Publisher
  • Andrews Forest LTER Site
    Role: Publisher
    Forest Ecosystems and Society Department in Forestry, Oregon State University, 201K Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR, 97331-5752
    Phone: (541) 737-8480
    Email: lterweb@fsl.orst.edu
Study Description

Landscape changes can alter pollinator movement and foraging patterns which can in turn influence demographic processes of plant populations. In the Cascade Mountains of the Pacific Northwest, USA, forests are encroaching on alpine meadows that harbor diverse plant and pollinator communities. Whether encroachment and isolation of sub-meadows will influence pollinator foraging behaviors is unknown. To help assess those behaviors, subcutaneous Passive Integrated Transponders were implanted into 163 Rufous Hummingbirds (Selasphorus rufus), common avian pollinators in western North America and four arrays of five hummingbird feeders were established equipped with Radio Frequency Identification data loggers to passively relocate individuals at points throughout the landscape. The feeder arrays were established on four peaks along Frizzel Ridge in the H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest (Lookout Mountain, M1, M2, and Carpenter Mountain). A center feeder was established in a large, central alpine meadow and four satellite feeders c.a. 250m from the center. The satellite feeders were positioned such that at least one was in the open and connected to the center feeder by open habitat, one was in the open but separated from the center by coniferous forest canopy, and one was placed under coniferous forest canopy. Feeders were maintained for 1.5-12 weeks per year from 2014-2017. We aimed to test two hypotheses of how forest encroachment could reduce the functional connectivity of the landscape by influencing hummingbird foraging patterns. First, if hummingbirds fly low, foraging at flowers in sequence within meadows where flower resources are abundant and avoid flying into forested areas where floral resources are generally less abundant, forests make act as a (potentially 'leaky') barrier to movement. Second, if hummingbirds fly over the canopy to forage in disconnected meadows, flowering plants that get overgrown by woody vegetation may not be discovered by birds as they fly above the canopy. Thus, further encroachment could inhibit resource discover and lower the effective population sizes of ornithophilous plants. Field Methods - SA028

Purpose: We aimed to test two hypotheses of how forest encroachment could reduce the functional connectivity of the landscape by influencing hummingbird foraging patterns. First, if hummingbirds fly low, foraging at flowers in sequence within meadows where flower resources are abundant and avoid flying into forested areas where floral resources are generally less abundant, forests make act as a (potentially 'leaky') barrier to movement. Second, if hummingbirds fly over the canopy to forage in disconnected meadows, flowering plants that get overgrown by woody vegetation may not be discovered by birds as they fly above the canopy. Thus, further encroachment could inhibit resource discover and lower the effective population sizes of ornithophilous plants.

Methods

Method Steps

Field Methods - SA028
  • We established hummingbird feeders filled with 20% sugar water solution at the center meadow in each meadow complex (see associated site information) two weeks before trapping hummingbirds. Following the two-week habituation period, we placed Hall traps (Russel 2001) around the center feeders and trapped for a period of 5 hours (05:00 – 10:00). We collected standard measurements on each trapped individual and banded each with a unique metal leg band. The final processing step was to implant the PIT tag under the loose skin between the shoulders.
  • Using a clean cotton applicator, we applied lidocaine gel to the exposed skin on the upper back of the hummingbird and left it to sit for a minimum of two minutes for the numbing to take effect. While waiting for the lidocaine gel to take effect, we placed the PIT tag and insertion needle in 70% ethyl alcohol to clean and disinfect the surface before implantation. Once the lidocaine numbed the skin where the needle will be inserted, we applied a betadine antiseptic solution with a new/clean cotton applicator to disinfect the area before implanting the tag. With clean forceps, we gently lifted the skin between the shoulders and then insert the needle, the bevel facing up, just under the lifted skin. We then carefully attached the clean plunger to the needle and inserted the 8 mm tag. Once inserted, we carefully closed the hole with vetbond and forceps.
  • Over the course of four summers (mid-June through July, 2014-2017), we captured and implanted 163 Rufous Hummingbirds with PIT tags. Feeders were maintained with 20% sucrose solution for 1.5-12 weeks during the summer season (June-August) per year from 2014 to 2017. Relocation data were downloaded from data loggers and backed up weekly.

Instrumentation:

  • Tags: 8mm Passive Integrated Transponder tag (weight 0.034 g) from Biomark, MiniHPT8 8.4 mm X 1.4 mm, 134.2 kHz ISO FDX-B, N165 Needles (https://www.biomark.com/n165), MK165 Implanter (https://www.biomark.com/mk165), Akorn Lidocaine hydrochloride jelly USP 2% (https://www.akorn.com/prod-details-list.php?group=Lidocaine+Hydrochloride+Jelly%2C+USP&topicals=true), Betadine antiseptic solution (povidone-iodine, 10%) (https://www.3m.com/3M/en_US/company-us/all-3m-products/~/3M-Vetbond-Tissue-Adhesive/?N=5002385+3294397973&preselect=8710646&rt=rud), Foam pad on which to perform the procedure, Hand sanitizer, Forceps - flat, no ridges, with blunted ends, 70\% ethyl alcohol, Cotton swabs, RFID readers and antennae.
Quality Assurance - SA028
  • The RFID readers and data loggers occasionally glitched and produced nonsensical records. To ensure these were removed from the data, we used a custom R script to cross-reference each record against the list of tags implanted in hummingbirds, removing any records with tag numbers that were not included in the list. We additionally checked that dates and times were recorded correctly by checking that they fell into the time interval during which we conducted field research.
Processing Procedures - SA028
  • To create the forest.tif raster of forested and non-forested areas along Frizzel Ridge, we downloaded the National Land Cover dataset (NLCD; Homer et al. 2012) and clipped it to the bounding box defined for this study. We then reclassified the raster, assigning coniferous, broadleaf, and mixed forests a value of 1 and non-forest cells a value of 0. To improve the resolution of cell assignment, we additionally digitized meadows and forest openings. We rasterized the shape file with all digitized meadows and forest openings and multiplied the resultant raster with the binary forest raster from the NLCD. This ensured that cells that fell within a digitized meadow or forest opening were classified as non-forest.

Sampling

Study Extent
  • We established four study sites in meadow complexes (clusters of meadows) located on summits that span the north-south extent of the H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest (AND), Oregon, USA (44.212 N, -122.256 E). The sites were selected such that we could establish arrays of five hummingbird feeders with one feeder in a central meadow and four satellite feeders ca. 250 m from the center. The satellite feeders were placed with at least one under closed canopy coniferous forest (n=5), one in a meadow separated from the center feeder by closed canopy (n=4), and one in a meadow connected to the center feeder by open habitat (n=7).
  • Sampling frequency: Irregular
Sampling Description
  • To track hummingbird visitation and movements through the landscape, we established four study sites in meadow complexes (clusters of meadows) located on high points that span the north-south extent of the H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest, Oregon, USA (see associated location information). The sites were selected such that we could establish arrays of five hummingbird feeders with one feeder in a central meadow and four satellite feeders ca. 250 m from the center, approximately along the cardinal directions. The satellite feeders were placed with at least one under closed canopy coniferous forest (total of n=5), one in a meadow separated from the center feeder by closed canopy (n=4), and one in a meadow connected to the center feeder by open habitat (n=7). We equipped each hummingbird feeder with a Radio Frequency Identification recording station that logged the date, time, and unique individual identification number for tagged hummingbirds (see Field Methods). We covered all but one port on each feeder and placed the antenna (a copper coil) around the open port such that tagged hummingbirds passed through the antenna when they drank from the feeder.
  • Citation:
  • Bridge, E. S., and D. N. Bonter. 2011. A low-cost radio frequency identification device for ornithological research. Journal of Field Ornithology 82:52–59.
Spatial Sampling Units
  • Andrews Experimental Forest (HJA)
    W -122.26172200, E -122.10084700, N 44.28196400, S 44.19770400
    Altitude: 1631 to 1631 meter
  • Carpenter Mountain Area, Blue River Ranger District, OR
    W -122.16422300, E -122.16134500, N 44.27784300, S 44.27616900
    Altitude: 1628 to 1628 meter
  • Carpenter Main Meadow
    W -122.14601746, E -122.14552585, N 44.28020846, S 44.27960872
    Altitude: 1528 to 1528 meter
  • Frissell Main 2 Meadow
    W -122.12754369, E -122.12702456, N 44.24825511, S 44.24764401
    Altitude: 1490 to 1490 meter
  • Lookout Main Meadow
    W -122.13075105, E -122.13032466, N 44.21114938, S 44.21058971
    Altitude: 1480 to 1480 meter
  • Frissell Main 1 Meadow
    W -122.11306650, E -122.10287200, N 44.23910470, S 44.23313896
  • Carpenter Main Meadow, plot x41a
    W -122.14523460, E -122.14523460, N 44.27955647, S 44.27955647
  • Carpenter Main Meadow, plot x41c
    W -122.14757460, E -122.14757460, N 44.28064854, S 44.28064854
  • Lookout Main Meadow, plot x4a
    W -122.12868560, E -122.12868560, N 44.20518191, S 44.20518191
  • Frissell Main 1 Meadow, plot x1a
    W -122.10922630, E -122.10922630, N 44.23589698, S 44.23589698
  • Frissell Main 1 Meadow, plot x7
    W -122.10649270, E -122.10649270, N 44.23313896, S 44.23313896
  • Frissell Main 2 Meadow, plot x21a
    W -122.12677270, E -122.12677270, N 44.24873268, S 44.24873268
  • Frissell Main 2 Meadow, plot x21f
    W -122.12617770, E -122.12617770, N 44.24624100, S 44.24624100
  • SA028 - East feeder on Capenter Mountain
    W -122.14282660, E -122.14282660, N 44.27928140, S 44.27928140
  • SA028 - North feeder on Capenter Mountain
    W -122.14768870, E -122.14768870, N 44.28102840, S 44.28102840
  • SA028 - South feeder on Capenter Mountain
    W -122.14423560, E -122.14423560, N 44.27717630, S 44.27717630
  • SA028 - West feeder on Capenter Mountain
    W -122.14853830, E -122.14853830, N 44.27860390, S 44.27860390
  • SA028 - North feeder on Lookout Mountain
    W -122.12862150, E -122.12862150, N 44.20761730, S 44.20761730
  • SA028 - Northeast feeder on Lookout Mountain
    W -122.12557190, E -122.12557190, N 44.20646860, S 44.20646860
  • SA028 - Southeast feeder on Lookout Mountain
    W -122.12618750, E -122.12618750, N 44.20377240, S 44.20377240
  • SA028 - West feeder on Lookout Mountain
    W -122.13148540, E -122.13148540, N 44.20437100, S 44.20437100
  • SA028 - East feeder in M1 meadow complex
    W -122.10667890, E -122.10667890, N 44.23334990, S 44.23334990
  • SA028 - Northeast feeder in M1 meadow complex
    W -122.10673850, E -122.10673850, N 44.23686150, S 44.23686150
  • SA028 - Northwest feeder in M1 meadow complex
    W -122.10991630, E -122.10991630, N 44.23705740, S 44.23705740
  • SA028 - South feeder in M1 meadow complex
    W -122.11092430, E -122.11092430, N 44.23415720, S 44.23415720
  • SA028 - East feeder in M2 meadow complex
    W -122.12596310, E -122.12596310, N 44.24602240, S 44.24602240
  • SA028 - North feeder in M2 meadow complex
    W -122.12669030, E -122.12669030, N 44.24935010, S 44.24935010
  • SA028 - South feeder in M2 meadow complex
    W -122.12841860, E -122.12841860, N 44.24512280, S 44.24512280
  • SA028 - West feeder in M2 meadow complex
    W -122.12953350, E -122.12953350, N 44.24850750, S 44.24850750
  • SA028 - location of capture on Carpenter Mountain
    W -122.14577000, E -122.14577000, N 44.27963000, S 44.27963000
  • SA028 - location of capture at headquarters
    W -122.25500000, E -122.25500000, N 44.21222200, S 44.21222200
  • SA028 - location of capture on Lookout Main Meadow
    W -122.12863000, E -122.12863000, N 44.20547000, S 44.20547000
  • SA028 - location of capture on Frissell Main 1 Meadow
    W -122.10844410, E -122.10844410, N 44.23503820, S 44.23503820
  • SA028 - location of capture on Frissell Main 2 Meadow
    W -122.12732200, E -122.12732200, N 44.24729320, S 44.24729320
  • Carpenter Main Meadow, plot x41b
    W -122.14278510, E -122.14278510, N 44.27929012, S 44.27929012
  • Lookout Main Meadow, plot x15g
    W -122.12687852, E -122.12687852, N 44.20367866, S 44.20367866
Software

No software entries listed in this EML file.

Keywords
  • LTER controlled vocabulary: ecology (theme), population dynamics (theme), recruitment (theme), community composition (theme), census (theme), forest ecosystems (theme), birds (theme)
Taxonomic Hierarchy
  • All Organisms: All Organisms
  • Highest common category (ca. kingdom): Animalia
  • Class: Aves
  • Order: Apodiformes
  • Family: Trochilidae
  • Genus: Selasphorus
  • Species: Selasphorus rufus
  • Genus: Calypte
  • Species: Calypte anna
Data Entities
# Entity Metadata Data
1 SA02801
SA02801
Relocation data for Hummingbirds implanted with passive integrated transponders (RFID reads):
 METADATA DATA
2 SA02802
SA02802
Locations and characteristics of each hummingbird feeder equipped with radio-frequency identification data loggers:
 METADATA DATA
3 SA02803
SA02803
Hummingbirds capture data for birds implanted with passive integrated transponders, including standard banding data:
 METADATA DATA
4 SA02804
SA02804
Raster of forested and non-forested areas along Frizzel Ridge: geoTIFF with embedded metadata
 METADATA N/A
Metadata
SA02801 - SA02801

Object name: SA02801.csv

Records: 704184

Attributes: 6

Temporal coverage: 2014-07-11 to 2017-07-25

File size: 43110500 byte

Checksum (MD5): fd7857e2cafeda9e139c27b63886edeb

Format: headers=1, recordDelimiter=\r\n, fieldDelimiter=,, quoteCharacter=", orientation=column

Constraints (2)
  • primaryKey: PRIMARY
    SA02801.SAMPLE_DATETIME, SA02801.SITE, SA02801.TAG_NO
  • notNullConstraint: NOTNULL
    SA02801.NO_SECONDS, SA02801.SAMPLE_DATETIME, SA02801.SITE, SA02801.TAG_NO, SA02801.DBCODE, SA02801.ENTITY
Attributes (6)
DBCODE - char(5) (nominal)

ID: SA02801.DBCODE

FSDB Database Code

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2019

Code definitions (1)
  • SA028
    FSDB Database Study Code SA028
ENTITY - numeric(2,0) (ratio)

ID: SA02801.ENTITY

Entity number

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2019

Unit: number

Precision: 1

Numeric domain: type=natural, min=1.0000 (exclusive=false), max=1.0000 (exclusive=false)

SITE - char(6) (ordinal)

ID: SA02801.SITE

Site identification code for the feeder location

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2019

Code definitions (20)
  • CM_C
    SA028 - Center feeder on Capenter Mountain
  • CM_E
    SA028 - East feeder on Capenter Mountain
  • CM_N
    SA028 - North feeder on Capenter Mountain
  • CM_S
    SA028 - South feeder on Capenter Mountain
  • CM_W
    SA028 - West feeder on Capenter Mountain
  • LOM_C
    SA028 - Center feeder on Lookout Mountain
  • LOM_N
    SA028 - North feeder on Lookout Mountain
  • LOM_NE
    SA028 - Northeast feeder on Lookout Mountain
  • LOM_SE
    SA028 - Southeast feeder on Lookout Mountain
  • LOM_W
    SA028 - West feeder on Lookout Mountain
  • M1_C
    SA028 - Center feeder in M1 meadow complex
  • M1_E
    SA028 - East feeder in M1 meadow complex
  • M1_NE
    SA028 - Northeast feeder in M1 meadow complex
  • M1_NW
    SA028 - Northwest feeder in M1 meadow complex
  • M1_S
    SA028 - South feeder in M1 meadow complex
  • M2_C
    SA028 - Center feeder in M2 meadow complex
  • M2_E
    SA028 - East feeder in M2 meadow complex
  • M2_N
    SA028 - North feeder in M2 meadow complex
  • M2_S
    SA028 - South feeder in M2 meadow complex
  • M2_W
    SA028 - West feeder in M2 meadow complex
SAMPLE_DATETIME - datetime (dateTime)

ID: SA02801.SAMPLE_DATETIME

Sample datetime of the read or capture

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2019

Date format: YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss

TAG_NO - char(16) (nominal)

ID: SA02801.TAG_NO

Unique identifier of the passive integrate transponder

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2019

NO_SECONDS - numeric(5,0) (ratio)

ID: SA02801.NO_SECONDS

Seconds after midnight of the record

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2019

Unit: number

Precision: 1

Numeric domain: type=whole, min=0.0000 (exclusive=false), max=86400.0000 (exclusive=false)

SA02802 - SA02802

Object name: SA02802.csv

Records: 20

Attributes: 14

Temporal coverage: 2014-07-11 to 2017-07-25

File size: 2228 byte

Checksum (MD5): c31a8deb284929a1620b74c6ccd81002

Format: headers=1, recordDelimiter=\r\n, fieldDelimiter=,, quoteCharacter=", orientation=column

Constraints (2)
  • primaryKey: PRIMARY
    SA02802.SITE
  • notNullConstraint: NOTNULL
    SA02802.DAYS_ACTIVE, SA02802.HABITAT, SA02802.LAT, SA02802.LON, SA02802.MEADOW_COMPLEX, SA02802.NO_YEARS, SA02802.PROP_FOR100, SA02802.SITE, SA02802.TRTMNT, SA02802.UTM_X, SA02802.UTM_Y
Attributes (14)
DBCODE - char(5) (nominal)

ID: SA02802.DBCODE

FSDB Database Code

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2019

Code definitions (1)
  • SA028
    FSDB Database Study Code SA028
ENTITY - numeric(2,0) (ratio)

ID: SA02802.ENTITY

Entity number

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2019

Unit: number

Precision: 1

Numeric domain: type=natural, min=2.0000 (exclusive=false), max=2.0000 (exclusive=false)

SITE - char(6) (ordinal)

ID: SA02802.SITE

Site identification code for the feeder location

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2019

Code definitions (20)
  • CM_C
    SA028 - Center feeder on Capenter Mountain
  • CM_E
    SA028 - East feeder on Capenter Mountain
  • CM_N
    SA028 - North feeder on Capenter Mountain
  • CM_S
    SA028 - South feeder on Capenter Mountain
  • CM_W
    SA028 - West feeder on Capenter Mountain
  • LOM_C
    SA028 - Center feeder on Lookout Mountain
  • LOM_N
    SA028 - North feeder on Lookout Mountain
  • LOM_NE
    SA028 - Northeast feeder on Lookout Mountain
  • LOM_SE
    SA028 - Southeast feeder on Lookout Mountain
  • LOM_W
    SA028 - West feeder on Lookout Mountain
  • M1_C
    SA028 - Center feeder in M1 meadow complex
  • M1_E
    SA028 - East feeder in M1 meadow complex
  • M1_NE
    SA028 - Northeast feeder in M1 meadow complex
  • M1_NW
    SA028 - Northwest feeder in M1 meadow complex
  • M1_S
    SA028 - South feeder in M1 meadow complex
  • M2_C
    SA028 - Center feeder in M2 meadow complex
  • M2_E
    SA028 - East feeder in M2 meadow complex
  • M2_N
    SA028 - North feeder in M2 meadow complex
  • M2_S
    SA028 - South feeder in M2 meadow complex
  • M2_W
    SA028 - West feeder in M2 meadow complex
LAT - numeric(10,7) (interval)

ID: SA02802.LAT

Latitude

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2019

Unit: decimal degrees latitude or longitude

Precision: 1

Numeric domain: type=real, min=44.2037 (exclusive=false), max=44.2811 (exclusive=false)

LON - numeric(12,7) (interval)

ID: SA02802.LON

Longitude

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2019

Unit: decimal degrees latitude or longitude

Precision: 1

Numeric domain: type=real, min=-122.1486 (exclusive=false), max=-122.1066 (exclusive=false)

UTM_X - numeric(6,0) (interval)

ID: SA02802.UTM_X

NAD83 UTM Zone 10N x-coordinate

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2019

Unit: meters

Precision: 1

Numeric domain: type=integer, min=567945.0000 (exclusive=false), max=571340.0000 (exclusive=false)

UTM_Y - numeric(7,0) (interval)

ID: SA02802.UTM_Y

NAD83 UTM Zone 10N y-coordinate

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2019

Unit: meters

Precision: 1

Numeric domain: type=integer, min=4894877.0000 (exclusive=false), max=4903440.0000 (exclusive=false)

HABITAT - char(12) (nominal)

ID: SA02802.HABITAT

Description of the habitat at each site

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2019

Code definitions (4)
  • large_meadow
    Large meadow
  • small_meadow
    Small meadow
  • scrub
    Shrubby area characterized by having some vine maple (Acer circinatum) and/or devil's club (Oplopanax horridus)
  • forest
    Coniferous forest
TRTMNT - char(9) (nominal)

ID: SA02802.TRTMNT

Landscape ecology "treatment" for each site

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2019

Code definitions (4)
  • center
    Feeder placed in the center of the array in a large meadow
  • isolated
    Feeder placed in an open area but disconnected from the center feeder by coniferous forest canopy
  • connected
    Feeder placed in an open area connect to the center feeder by open habitat
  • forest
    Feeder placed inside coniferous forest
MEADOW_COMPLEX - char(3) (ordinal)

ID: SA02802.MEADOW_COMPLEX

Broad meadow classification for the array of 5 feeders based on geography

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2019

Code definitions (4)
  • CM
    Carpenter Main Meadow
  • M2
    Frissell Main 2 Meadow
  • LOM
    Lookout Main Meadow
  • M1
    Frissell Main 1 Meadow
NEAR_MEADOW_PLOT - char(8) (nominal)

ID: SA02802.NEAR_MEADOW_PLOT

the nearest meadow_plot where Aquilegia formosa leaves were collected in study SA029, if relevant

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2019

Code definitions (9)
  • CMX41A
    Carpenter Main Meadow, plot x41a
  • CMX41C
    Carpenter Main Meadow, plot x41c
  • LOMX4A
    Lookout Main Meadow, plot x4a
  • M1X1A
    Frissell Main 1 Meadow, plot x1a
  • M1X7
    Frissell Main 1 Meadow, plot x7
  • M2X21A
    Frissell Main 2 Meadow, plot x21a
  • M2X21F
    Frissell Main 2 Meadow, plot x21f
  • CMX41B
    Carpenter Main Meadow, plot x41b
  • LOMX15G
    Lookout Main Meadow, plot x15g
NO_YEARS - numeric(1,0) (interval)

ID: SA02802.NO_YEARS

Total number of seasons a feeder was maintained on the landscape

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2019

Unit: number

Precision: 1

Numeric domain: type=natural, min=2.0000 (exclusive=false), max=4.0000 (exclusive=false)

DAYS_ACTIVE - numeric(3,0) (interval)

ID: SA02802.DAYS_ACTIVE

Total number of days a feeder was maintained on the landscape

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2019

Unit: number

Precision: 1

Numeric domain: type=natural, min=104.0000 (exclusive=false), max=179.0000 (exclusive=false)

PROP_FOR100 - numeric(11,9) (interval)

ID: SA02802.PROP_FOR100

Proportion of forested area in a 100m radius buffer around the feeder

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2019

Unit: number

Precision: 1

Numeric domain: type=real, min=0.0000 (exclusive=false), max=1.0000 (exclusive=false)

SA02803 - SA02803

Object name: SA02803.csv

Records: 163

Attributes: 11

Temporal coverage: 2014-07-11 to 2017-07-25

File size: 11172 byte

Checksum (MD5): d6719416a7946d16ef369e2e268f2a28

Format: headers=1, recordDelimiter=\r\n, fieldDelimiter=,, quoteCharacter=", orientation=column

Constraints (2)
  • primaryKey: PRIMARY
    SA02803.BAND, SA02803.LOC, SA02803.SAMPLE_DATETIME
  • notNullConstraint: NOTNULL
    SA02803.AGE, SA02803.BAND, SA02803.BDR, SA02803.LOC, SA02803.RFID, SA02803.SAMPLE_DATETIME, SA02803.SEX, SA02803.STATUS
Attributes (11)
DBCODE - char(5) (nominal)

ID: SA02803.DBCODE

FSDB Database Code

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2019

Code definitions (1)
  • SA028
    FSDB Database Study Code SA028
ENTITY - numeric(2,0) (ratio)

ID: SA02803.ENTITY

Entity number

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2019

Unit: number

Precision: 1

Numeric domain: type=natural, min=3.0000 (exclusive=false), max=3.0000 (exclusive=false)

LOC - char(5) (ordinal)

ID: SA02803.LOC

Feeder location of capture, near center of meadow

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2019

Code definitions (7)
  • CM_C
    SA028 - Center feeder on Capenter Mountain
  • LOM_C
    SA028 - Center feeder on Lookout Mountain
  • M1_C
    SA028 - Center feeder in M1 meadow complex
  • M2_C
    SA028 - Center feeder in M2 meadow complex
  • BCM
    SA028 - location of capture on backside of Carpenter Mountain
  • CVOGV
    SA028 - location of capture at CVOGV
  • HQ
    SA028 - location of capture at headquarters
SAMPLE_DATETIME - datetime (dateTime)

ID: SA02803.SAMPLE_DATETIME

Sample datetime of the read or capture

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2019

Date format: YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss

BAND - char(6) (nominal)

ID: SA02803.BAND

Unique leg band ID

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2019

STATUS - char(1) (nominal)

ID: SA02803.STATUS

Status of bird (new or returning)

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2019

Code definitions (2)
  • R
    Returning bird (previously caught and banded)
  • N
    New bird, never banded
SPECIES - char(4) (ordinal)

ID: SA02803.SPECIES

Bird species

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2019

Code definitions (2)
  • ANHU
    Calypte anna
  • RUHU
    Selasphorus rufus
SEX - char(1) (nominal)

ID: SA02803.SEX

Sex of the bird

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2019

Code definitions (3)
  • F
    female
  • M
    male
  • U
    unknown sex
AGE - char(3) (nominal)

ID: SA02803.AGE

Age of the bird

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2019

Code definitions (2)
  • AHY
    After hatch year
  • HY
    Hatch year
RFID - char(5) (nominal)

ID: SA02803.RFID

First five digits of the unique passive integrated transponder ID code

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2019

BDR - char(8) (nominal)

ID: SA02803.BDR

Bander's initials

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2019

SA02804 - SA02804

Object name: N/A

Records: N/A

Attributes: 4

Constraints (2)
  • primaryKey: PRIMARY
    SA02804.SITE
  • notNullConstraint: NOTNULL
    SA02804.SITE
Attributes (4)
DBCODE - char(5) (nominal)

ID: SA02804.DBCODE

FSDB Database Code

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2019

Code definitions (1)
  • SA028
    FSDB Database Study Code SA028
ENTITY - numeric(2,0) (ratio)

ID: SA02804.ENTITY

Entity number

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2019

Unit: number

Precision: 1

Numeric domain: type=natural, min=4.0000 (exclusive=false), max=4.0000 (exclusive=false)

SITE - char(6) (ordinal)

ID: SA02804.SITE

Site identification code for the feeder location

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2019

Code definitions (20)
  • CM_C
    SA028 - Center feeder on Capenter Mountain
  • CM_E
    SA028 - East feeder on Capenter Mountain
  • CM_N
    SA028 - North feeder on Capenter Mountain
  • CM_S
    SA028 - South feeder on Capenter Mountain
  • CM_W
    SA028 - West feeder on Capenter Mountain
  • LOM_C
    SA028 - Center feeder on Lookout Mountain
  • LOM_N
    SA028 - North feeder on Lookout Mountain
  • LOM_NE
    SA028 - Northeast feeder on Lookout Mountain
  • LOM_SE
    SA028 - Southeast feeder on Lookout Mountain
  • LOM_W
    SA028 - West feeder on Lookout Mountain
  • M1_C
    SA028 - Center feeder in M1 meadow complex
  • M1_E
    SA028 - East feeder in M1 meadow complex
  • M1_NE
    SA028 - Northeast feeder in M1 meadow complex
  • M1_NW
    SA028 - Northwest feeder in M1 meadow complex
  • M1_S
    SA028 - South feeder in M1 meadow complex
  • M2_C
    SA028 - Center feeder in M2 meadow complex
  • M2_E
    SA028 - East feeder in M2 meadow complex
  • M2_N
    SA028 - North feeder in M2 meadow complex
  • M2_S
    SA028 - South feeder in M2 meadow complex
  • M2_W
    SA028 - West feeder in M2 meadow complex
FOREST - char(1) (nominal)

ID: SA02804.FOREST

Indicator variable for whether the cell is forested or not

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2019

Code definitions (2)
  • code
    No forest present
  • 1
    Forest present
Units
decimal degrees latitude or longitude deg dec lat-lon latitudeLongitude decimalDegree unknown N/A decimal degrees; latitude (parallel) or longitude (meridian)
meters m length meter meter 1 meter; SI unit of length
number number dimensionless number dimensionless 1 dimensionless number, i.e., ratio, count
Related Datasets

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Related Publications

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Related Files

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Intellectual Rights

Data Use Agreement:

The re-use of scientific data has the potential to greatly increase communication, collaboration and synthesis within and among disciplines, and thus is fostered, supported and encouraged. This Data Set is released under the Creative Commons license CC BY "Attribution" (see: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Creative Commons license CC BY - Attribution is a license that allows others to distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon your work (even commercially), as long as you are credited for the original creation. This license accommodates maximum dissemination and use of licensed materials.

It is considered professional conduct and an ethical obligation to acknowledge the work of other scientists. The Data User is asked to provide attribution of the original work if this data package is shared in whole or by individual parts or used in the derivation of other products. A recommended citation is provided for each Data Set in the Andrews LTER data catalog (see: http://andlter.forestry.oregonstate.edu/data/catalog/datacatalog.aspx). A generic citation is also provided for this Data Set on the website https://portal.edirepository.org in the summary metadata page. Data Users are thus strongly encouraged to consider consultation, collaboration and/or co-authorship with the Data Set Creator.

While substantial efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of data and associated documentation, complete accuracy of data sets cannot be guaranteed and all data are made available "as is." The Data User should be aware, however, that data are updated periodically and it is the responsibility of the Data User to check for new versions of the data. The data authors and the repository where these data were obtained shall not be liable for damages resulting from any use or misinterpretation of the data.

General acknowledgement: Data were provided by the HJ Andrews Experimental Forest research program, funded by the National Science Foundation's Long-Term Ecological Research Program (DEB 2025755), US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, and Oregon State University. Please cite this public dataset upon use.

Licensed

License: N/A

Maintenance

Maintenance update frequency: asNeeded

Description

  • An update history is logged and maintained with each new version of every dataset.

Change History

  • Version1 (2017-05-19)
    Study code and preliminary metadata established
  • Version2 (2021-07-30)
    Original import of data entities and metadata.