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TD032: A chronosequence of woody root decomposition in the Pacific Northwest, 1995 to 1997

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Status: notPlanned
Period: 1995-06-01 to 1997-06-01
Version: 6
Published: 2016-11-15
EDI Package ID: knb-lter-and.4059.6
Source XML: TD032_6.xml

Notice

"As Is" Basis: All content, including maps and forecasts, is provided without warranties. Users are advised to independently verify critical information.

Citation

Harmon, M. 2016. A chronosequence of woody root decomposition in the Pacific Northwest, 1995 to 1997 Long-Term Ecological Research Andrews Forest LTER Site. [Database]. Available: https://andrewsforest-stage.forestry.oregonstate.edu/data/fsdb-data-catalog/TD032 Accessed 2026-05-10.

Abstract

Decomposition of woody roots in Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carrière), Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco), and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa P. Laws. ex C. Laws.) dominated forests in Oregon, U.S.A. was studied using a chronosequence. Roots of five coniferous species were excavated from stumps with ages up to 46 years old. A structural component-oriented approach may provide a better solution to predicting the long-term woody root decomposition than that provided by initial substrate quality indices. This approach examines the decomposition of different components of woody roots separately to predict whole root decomposition.

Coverage

Temporal coverage: 1995-06-01 to 1997-06-01

Geographic coverage: N/A

Bounds: W N/A, E N/A, N N/A, S N/A

Purpose
  • To study root decomposition of five tree species in forests of the Pacific Northwest.
Project

Title: Long-Term Ecological Research

Personnel
  • Sherri L. Johnson - Principal Investigator
    US Forest Service ;Pacific NW Research Station ;3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
    Phone: 541-758-7771
    Email: sherri.johnson2@usda.gov, sherri.johnson@oregonstate.edu
  • Julia A. Jones - Principal Investigator
    Oregon State University;Department of Geosciences; Wilkinson Hall 104, Corvallis, OR, 97331-5506, USA
    Phone: (541) 737-1224
    Email: Julia.Jones@oregonstate.edu, geojulia@comcast.net
    ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9429-8925
  • Matthew G Betts - Principal Investigator
    Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society; 201E Richardson Hall; College of Forestry; Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331
    Phone: (541) 737-3841
    Email: matt.betts@oregonstate.edu
  • Michael P. Nelson - Principal Investigator
    Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society; 201K Richarson Hall; College of Forestry; Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331
    Phone: 541-737-9221
    Email: mpnelson@oregonstate.edu
    ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6917-4752
  • David Bell - Principal Investigator
    Email: david.bell@usda.gov, david.bell@oregonstate.edu
Abstract
  • The H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest is a living laboratory that provides unparalleled opportunities for the study of forest and stream ecosystems in the central Cascade Range of Oregon. Since 1980, as a part of the National Science Foundation Long Term Ecological Research (NSF-LTER) program, the Andrews Experimental Forest has become a leader in the analysis of forest and stream ecosystem dynamics.
  • Long-term field experiments and measurement programs have focused on climate dynamics, streamflow, water quality, and vegetation succession. Currently researchers are working to develop concepts and tools needed to predict effects of natural disturbance, land use, and climate change on ecosystem structure, function, and species composition.
  • The Andrews Experimental Forest is administered cooperatively by the USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, Oregon State University and the Willamette National Forest. Funding for the research program comes from the National Science Foundation (NSF), US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, Oregon State University, and other sources.
Funding

Data were provided by the HJ Andrews Experimental Forest research program, funded by the National Science Foundation's Long-Term Ecological Research Program (DEB 2025755), US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, and Oregon State University. National Science Foundation: DEB1440409

Study Area Description
  • Long-Term Ecological Research
    The Andrews Forest is situated in the western Cascade Range of Oregon, and covers the entire 15,800-acre (6400-ha) drainage basin of Lookout Creek. Elevation ranges from 1350 to 5340 feet (410 to 1630 m). Broadly representative of the rugged mountainous landscape of the Pacific Northwest, the Andrews Forest contains excellent examples of the region's conifer forests and associated wildlife and stream ecosystems. These forests are among the tallest and most productive in the world, with tree heights of often greater than 250 ft (75 m). Streams are steep, cold and clean, providing habitat for numerous aquatic organisms.
Associated Party
  • Mark E. Harmon
    Role: Principal Investigator
    Oregon State University;Dept. of Forest Science;321 Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR, 97331-5752, USA
    Phone: (541) 737-8455, (978) 724-0045 ext 223
    Email: mark.harmon@oregonstate.edu
  • Hua Chen
    Role: Other Researcher
    Biology Department ;University of Illinois at Springfield, Springfield, IL, 62703, USA
    Phone: 217-206-8339, 334-559-9354
    Email: hchen40@uis.edu
  • Jack E. Janisch
    Role: Other Researcher
    Environmental Assessment Program ;Washington Department of Ecology ;P.O. Box 47600;, Olympia, WA, 98504-7600, USA
    Phone: 360-407-6649
    Email: jaja461@ecy.wa.gov
  • Becky Fasth
    Role: Abstractor
    Oregon State University;College of Forestry;Dept. of Forest Ecosystems and Society; 201L Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
    Phone: (541) 737-8431, (541) 737-8460
    Email: becky.fasth@oregonstate.edu
  • Mark E. Harmon
    Role: Creator
    Oregon State University;Dept. of Forest Science;321 Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR, 97331-5752, USA
    Phone: (541) 737-8455, (978) 724-0045 ext 223
    Email: mark.harmon@oregonstate.edu
Contact
Publisher
  • Andrews Forest LTER Site
    Role: Publisher
    Forest Ecosystems and Society Department in Forestry, Oregon State University, 201K Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR, 97331-5752
    Phone: (541) 737-8480
    Email: lterweb@fsl.orst.edu
Study Description

Decomposition of woody roots in Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carrière), Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco), and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa P. Laws. ex C. Laws.) dominated forests in Oregon, U.S.A. was studied using a chronosequence. Roots of five coniferous species were excavated from stumps with ages up to 46 years old. A structural component-oriented approach may provide a better solution to predicting the long-term woody root decomposition than that provided by initial substrate quality indices. This approach examines the decomposition of different components of woody roots separately to predict whole root decomposition. To study root decomposition of five tree species in forests of the Pacific Northwest. Field Methods - TD032

Purpose: To study root decomposition of five tree species in forests of the Pacific Northwest.

Methods

Method Steps

Field Methods - TD032
  • Three to five stumps were selected for each species at each stand. We avoided "living" stumps to reduce the time lag between when the tree was cut and when the roots died. Woody roots (diameter greater than 1 cm) were collected by excavating the root systems of chosen stumps at each stand. These roots were sorted into two size classes: small roots (diameter 1-5 cm) and large roots (diameter 5-10 cm, occasionally up to 15 cm). After excavating the soil surrounding roots, 10-20 cm long samples were removed using a handsaw, reciprocating saw, or in the case of very large roots a chainsaw. After removal, the dimension of each root sample was recorded in the field, including the average outermost diameter, the average longitudinal length, average bark thickness, and bark cover in percent. Each average was based on the mean of three measurements. Then the average root wood diameter and longitudinal length were recorded after removing the bark. If a resin core was present, its length and diameter were measured after separating it from the wood. Bark cover was estimated visually, or if this was not possible, we measured the entire bark surface area by forming bark pieces into a regular shape such as a rectangle. For very old decomposing roots, bark could not be recovered completely during root excavation. However, this occurred rarely and the results of bark decomposition should not be influenced significantly.
  • The whole volume of each root was calculated from the formula for a cylinder.
  • V = *( D2 * L)/(4)
  • where V is the volume, D is the average outermost diameter and L is the average longitudinal length. The root wood volume was calculated by the same formula using average root wood diameter instead of average outermost diameter if resin cores were not present. The bark volume of roots was based on the difference between the volumes of whole roots and root wood. If resin cores were present the volume of root wood was the difference of the entire root wood (including resin cores) volume and the resin core's volume.
Laboratory Methods - TD032
  • Root samples were returned to the laboratory and were dried to a constant mass at 55°C and weighed. Densities of bark, wood, and resin cores of each individual root sample were calculated as the oven dry weight divided by its green volume. The density of whole roots was obtained based on the density of each component and their proportion of total volume. Dried root samples were ground in a Wiley mill and passed through a fine screen (1 mm). Samples were stored in 20 ml vials to prevent moisture changes prior to analyses for ash and nitrogen.

Sampling

Sampling Description
  • One chronosequence of commercially thinned and clear-cut stands was located at each site. Current stand vigor and locations, as well as thinning or cutting ages, were considered during stand selection. Vigorous forest stands indicated, to some degree, that the previous stands were healthy and the chance of root rot was small. All sampled stands at each site were close to each other and similar in elevation, topography, and soil type. At CAH, the chronosequence included seven stands. Of these stands, woody roots of Sitka spruce were taken from trees that were cut or thinned 7, 20, 33, 37, and 46 years prior to sampling. Root samples of western hemlock were obtained from trees cut 2, 7, 10, 16, 20, 33, and 37 years prior to sampling. The second chronosequence, located in the western hemlock zone (300–1550 m elevation) at HJA, included eight different stands. Of these stands, woody roots of Douglas-fir were taken from trees that were cut or thinned 8, 10, 14, 21, 31, 36, 40, and 45 years prior to sampling. Root samples of western hemlock were obtained from trees cut 8, 10, 14, 25, 31, and 36 years prior to sampling. The third chronosequence was located at PRF, where ponderosa pine roots were sampled at six stands. Woody roots of ponderosa pine were sampled from trees that were cut or thinned 4, 7, 10, 19, 22, and 25 years prior to sampling. Lodgepole pine roots were obtained from trees cut 7, 10, 16, 19, 22, and 28 years prior to sampling. Samples of undecayed woody roots from fresh uprooted trees of these species were sampled to serve as controls.
Spatial Sampling Units
  • Andrews Experimental Forest (HJA)
    W -122.26172200, E -122.10084700, N 44.28196400, S 44.19770400
    Altitude: 1631 to 1631 meter
  • Cascade Head Experimental Forest OR (TD027)
    W -123.99172777, E -123.89730000, N 45.06476948, S 45.03130000
Software

No software entries listed in this EML file.

Keywords
  • LTER controlled vocabulary: chronosequences (theme), decomposition (theme), inorganic nutrients (theme), nitrogen (theme), organic matter (theme), roots (theme)
  • LTER core research areas: inorganic nutrients (theme), organic matter (theme)
Taxonomic Hierarchy
  • All Organisms: All Organisms
  • Highest common category (ca. kingdom): Plantae
  • Division or Phylum: Coniferophyta
  • Class: Pinopsida
  • Order: Pinales
  • Family: Pinaceae
  • Genus: Tsuga
  • Species: Tsuga heterophylla
  • Genus: Picea
  • Species: Picea sitchensis
  • Genus: Pinus
  • Species: Pinus ponderosa
  • Species: Pinus contorta
  • Genus: Pseudotsuga
  • Species: Pseudotsuga menziesii
Data Entities
# Entity Metadata Data
1 TD03201
TD03201
SAMPLE DIMENSIONS, WEIGHTS, AND DENSITIES:
METADATA DATA
2 TD03202
TD03202
SAMPLE ASH, NITROGEN, AND ASH-FREE DENSITY:
METADATA DATA
Metadata
TD03201 - TD03201

Object name: TD03201.csv

Records: 1605

Attributes: 16

File size: 140274 byte

Checksum (MD5): f2a0e9166b925dfa4bcb90067fb014dc

Format: headers=1, recordDelimiter=\r\n, fieldDelimiter=,, quoteCharacter=", orientation=column

Constraints (2)
  • primaryKey: PRIMARY
    TD03201.SITE, TD03201.SAMP_NUM, TD03201.STAND, TD03201.SPECIES
  • notNullConstraint: NOTNULL
    TD03201.SITE, TD03201.SAMP_NUM, TD03201.STAND, TD03201.DBCODE, TD03201.SPECIES, TD03201.CUMM_DIAM, TD03201.DECAY_AGE, TD03201.ENTITY, TD03201.LONGITUDE
Attributes (16)
DBCODE - char(5) (nominal)

ID: TD03201.DBCODE

FSDB database code

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008

Code definitions (1)
  • TD032
    FSDB database code TD032
ENTITY - numeric(1,0) (ratio)

ID: TD03201.ENTITY

Entity number

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008

Unit: number

Precision: 1.000000

Numeric domain: type=integer, min=1.0000 (exclusive=false), max=1.0000 (exclusive=false)

SITE - char(3) (nominal)

ID: TD03201.SITE

Site where woody root was collected

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008

Code definitions (4)
  • HJA
    H.j. andrews experimental forest oregon, pre-1996
  • WRE
    Wind river experimental forest
  • PRF
    Pringle falls experimental forest
  • CAH
    Cascade head experimental forest
STAND - char(5) (nominal)

ID: TD03201.STAND

Name of forest stand, sometimes reflects year cut

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008

DECAY_AGE - numeric(2,0) (ratio)

ID: TD03201.DECAY_AGE

Amount of years passed since death of tree

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008

Unit: number of years

Precision: 1.000000

Numeric domain: type=integer, min=0.0000 (exclusive=false), max=50.0000 (exclusive=false)

SPECIES - char(4) (nominal)

ID: TD03201.SPECIES

Species of woody root sample

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008

Code definitions (5)
  • PISI
    Picea sitchensis
  • PICO
    Pinus contorta
  • PIPO
    Pinus ponderosa
  • PSME
    Pseudotsuga menziesii
  • TSHE
    Tsuga heterophylla
SAMP_NUM - char(9) (nominal)

ID: TD03201.SAMP_NUM

Unique number for individual sample, last letter indicates tissue type

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008

CUMM_DIAM - numeric(6,1) (ratio)

ID: TD03201.CUMM_DIAM

Outer diameter of each tissue type within a sample

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008

Unit: millimeters

Precision: 0.100000

Numeric domain: type=real, min=0.0000 (exclusive=false), max=290.0000 (exclusive=false)

LONGITUDE - numeric(6,1) (ratio)

ID: TD03201.LONGITUDE

Longitudinal length of sample

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008

Unit: millimeters

Precision: 0.100000

Numeric domain: type=real, min=0.0000 (exclusive=false), max=480.0000 (exclusive=false)

PROPORTION - numeric(3,1) (ratio)

ID: TD03201.PROPORTION

Proportion of ideal volume that the tissue type represents

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008

Unit: number

Precision: 0.100000

Numeric domain: type=real, min=0.0000 (exclusive=false), max=1.0000 (exclusive=false)

IDEAL_VOL - numeric(8,2) (ratio)

ID: TD03201.IDEAL_VOL

Volume based on outer diameter for enitre woody root

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008

Unit: cubic centimeters

Precision: 0.010000

Numeric domain: type=real, min=1.0300 (exclusive=false), max=5813.7100 (exclusive=false)

TRUE_VOL - numeric(8,2) (ratio)

ID: TD03201.TRUE_VOL

Volume of individual tissue type within woody root

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008

Unit: cubic centimeters

Precision: 0.010000

Numeric domain: type=real, min=-796.1900 (exclusive=false), max=3534.8201 (exclusive=false)

WET_WT - numeric(8,2) (ratio)

ID: TD03201.WET_WT

Field wet weight of sample

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008

Unit: grams

Precision: 0.010000

Numeric domain: type=real, min=0.0000 (exclusive=false), max=2683.0000 (exclusive=false)

DRY_WT - numeric(8,2) (ratio)

ID: TD03201.DRY_WT

Final oven dry weight

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008

Unit: grams

Precision: 0.010000

Numeric domain: type=real, min=0.0000 (exclusive=false), max=1157.7000 (exclusive=false)

MOISTURE - numeric(6,2) (ratio)

ID: TD03201.MOISTURE

Percent moisture

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008

Unit: percent

Precision: 0.010000

Numeric domain: type=real, min=-44.4400 (exclusive=false), max=4676.7002 (exclusive=false)

DENSITY - numeric(5,3) (ratio)

ID: TD03201.DENSITY

Density of sample

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008

Unit: grams per cubic centimeter

Precision: 0.001000

Numeric domain: type=real, min=0.0000 (exclusive=false), max=7.8640 (exclusive=false)

TD03202 - TD03202

Object name: TD03202.csv

Records: 1189

Attributes: 11

File size: 66656 byte

Checksum (MD5): a8a1174cc966b13b3da82cdc7109829c

Format: headers=1, recordDelimiter=\r\n, fieldDelimiter=,, quoteCharacter=", orientation=column

Constraints (2)
  • primaryKey: PRIMARY
    TD03202.SITE, TD03202.SAMP_NUM, TD03202.SPECIES
  • notNullConstraint: NOTNULL
    TD03202.SITE, TD03202.TYPE, TD03202.SAMP_NUM, TD03202.DBCODE, TD03202.SPECIES, TD03202.ENTITY, TD03202.LABEL
Attributes (11)
DBCODE - char(5) (nominal)

ID: TD03202.DBCODE

FSDB database code

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008

Code definitions (1)
  • TD032
    FSDB database code TD032
ENTITY - numeric(1,0) (ratio)

ID: TD03202.ENTITY

Entity number

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008

Unit: number

Precision: 1.000000

Numeric domain: type=integer, min=2.0000 (exclusive=false), max=2.0000 (exclusive=false)

SITE - char(3) (nominal)

ID: TD03202.SITE

Site where woody root was collected

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008

Code definitions (4)
  • HJA
    H.j. andrews experimental forest oregon, pre-1996
  • WRE
    Wind river experimental forest
  • PRF
    Pringle falls experimental forest
  • CAH
    Cascade head experimental forest
SAMP_NUM - char(9) (nominal)

ID: TD03202.SAMP_NUM

Unique number for individual sample, last letter indicates tissue type

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008

SPECIES - char(4) (nominal)

ID: TD03202.SPECIES

Species of woody root sample

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008

Code definitions (5)
  • PISI
    Picea sitchensis
  • PICO
    Pinus contorta
  • PIPO
    Pinus ponderosa
  • PSME
    Pseudotsuga menziesii
  • TSHE
    Tsuga heterophylla
TYPE - char(1) (nominal)

ID: TD03202.TYPE

Woody root tissue type

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008

Code definitions (4)
  • S
    Sapwood
  • H
    Heartwood
  • R
    Resin core
  • B
    Bark
ASH - numeric(6,2) (ratio)

ID: TD03202.ASH

Percent of sample composed of ash

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008

Unit: percent

Precision: 0.010000

Numeric domain: type=real, min=-1.0300 (exclusive=false), max=93.8100 (exclusive=false)

NITROGEN - numeric(6,2) (ratio)

ID: TD03202.NITROGEN

Percent of sample composed of nitrogen

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008

Unit: percent

Precision: 0.010000

Numeric domain: type=real, min=0.0100 (exclusive=false), max=1.5400 (exclusive=false)

LABEL - numeric(4,0) (ratio)

ID: TD03202.LABEL

Number assigned by lab

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008

Unit: number

Precision: 1.000000

Numeric domain: type=integer, min=1.0000 (exclusive=false), max=1401.0000 (exclusive=false)

CUMM_DIAM - numeric(6,1) (ratio)

ID: TD03202.CUMM_DIAM

Outer diameter of each tissue type within a sample

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008

Unit: millimeters

Precision: 0.100000

Numeric domain: type=real, min=4.6000 (exclusive=false), max=290.0000 (exclusive=false)

AF_DENSITY - numeric(5,3) (ratio)

ID: TD03202.AF_DENSITY

Ash-free density

Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008

Unit: grams per cubic centimeter

Precision: 0.001000

Numeric domain: type=real, min=0.0000 (exclusive=false), max=3.7290 (exclusive=false)

Units
number of years years time nominalYear second 31536000 one year excluding leap seconds and leap days, 31536000 seconds (often used for age in years)
cubic centimeters cm3 volume centimeterCubed meterCubed 0.000001 cubic centimeters
grams g mass gram kilogram 0.001 grams; 0.001 kilogram
grams per cubic centimeter g/cm3 massDensity gramPerCentimeterCubed kilogramPerMeterCubed 1000 grams per cubic centimeter
millimeters mm length millimeter meter 0.001 millimeters; .001 meters
number number dimensionless number dimensionless 1 dimensionless number, i.e., ratio, count
percent % dimensionless number dimensionless 100 percent; a number
Intellectual Rights

Data Use Agreement:

The re-use of scientific data has the potential to greatly increase communication, collaboration and synthesis within and among disciplines, and thus is fostered, supported and encouraged. This Data Set is released under the Creative Commons license CC BY "Attribution" (see: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Creative Commons license CC BY - Attribution is a license that allows others to distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon your work (even commercially), as long as you are credited for the original creation. This license accommodates maximum dissemination and use of licensed materials.

It is considered professional conduct and an ethical obligation to acknowledge the work of other scientists. The Data User is asked to provide attribution of the original work if this data package is shared in whole or by individual parts or used in the derivation of other products. A recommended citation is provided for each Data Set in the Andrews LTER data catalog (see: http://andlter.forestry.oregonstate.edu/data/catalog/datacatalog.aspx). A generic citation is also provided for this Data Set on the website https://portal.edirepository.org in the summary metadata page. Data Users are thus strongly encouraged to consider consultation, collaboration and/or co-authorship with the Data Set Creator.

While substantial efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of data and associated documentation, complete accuracy of data sets cannot be guaranteed and all data are made available "as is." The Data User should be aware, however, that data are updated periodically and it is the responsibility of the Data User to check for new versions of the data. The data authors and the repository where these data were obtained shall not be liable for damages resulting from any use or misinterpretation of the data.

General acknowledgement: Data were provided by the HJ Andrews Experimental Forest research program, funded by the National Science Foundation's Long-Term Ecological Research Program (DEB 2025755), US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, and Oregon State University.

Licensed

License: N/A

Maintenance

Maintenance update frequency: notPlanned

Description

  • An update history is logged and maintained with each new version of every dataset.

Change History

  • Version1 (2005-06-22)
    Original metadata creation
  • Version2 (2005-06-22)
    Moved database to SQL server
  • Version6 (2016-11-15)
    Preparing dataset for upload to PASTA. Need to recreate CSV file. Changed STCODE to DBCODE and Format to Entity. Data used CAH for Cascade Head site, but CHE was enumerated. Changed enumeration. Chen Hua used CAH in his dissertation. Added PK. Added 1 or 2 to some samp_no to deal with duplicates. Ran QC. Added an experimental design from a paper and updated abstract and other methods.