TD032: A chronosequence of woody root decomposition in the Pacific Northwest, 1995 to 1997
Notice
"As Is" Basis: All content, including maps and forecasts, is provided without warranties. Users are advised to independently verify critical information.
Citation
Harmon, M. 2016. A chronosequence of woody root decomposition in the Pacific Northwest, 1995 to 1997 Long-Term Ecological Research Andrews Forest LTER Site. [Database]. Available: https://andrewsforest-stage.forestry.oregonstate.edu/data/fsdb-data-catalog/TD032 Accessed 2026-05-10.
Abstract
Decomposition of woody roots in Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carrière), Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco), and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa P. Laws. ex C. Laws.) dominated forests in Oregon, U.S.A. was studied using a chronosequence. Roots of five coniferous species were excavated from stumps with ages up to 46 years old. A structural component-oriented approach may provide a better solution to predicting the long-term woody root decomposition than that provided by initial substrate quality indices. This approach examines the decomposition of different components of woody roots separately to predict whole root decomposition.
Coverage
Temporal coverage: 1995-06-01 to 1997-06-01
Geographic coverage: N/A
Bounds: W N/A, E N/A, N N/A, S N/A
Purpose
- To study root decomposition of five tree species in forests of the Pacific Northwest.
Project
Title: Long-Term Ecological Research
Personnel
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Sherri L. Johnson - Principal Investigator US Forest Service ;Pacific NW Research Station ;3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USAPhone: 541-758-7771Email: sherri.johnson2@usda.gov, sherri.johnson@oregonstate.edu
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Julia A. Jones - Principal Investigator Oregon State University;Department of Geosciences; Wilkinson Hall 104, Corvallis, OR, 97331-5506, USAPhone: (541) 737-1224Email: Julia.Jones@oregonstate.edu, geojulia@comcast.netORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9429-8925
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Matthew G Betts - Principal Investigator Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society; 201E Richardson Hall; College of Forestry; Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331Phone: (541) 737-3841Email: matt.betts@oregonstate.edu
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Michael P. Nelson - Principal Investigator Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society; 201K Richarson Hall; College of Forestry; Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331Phone: 541-737-9221Email: mpnelson@oregonstate.eduORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6917-4752
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David Bell - Principal Investigator Email: david.bell@usda.gov, david.bell@oregonstate.edu
Abstract
- The H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest is a living laboratory that provides unparalleled opportunities for the study of forest and stream ecosystems in the central Cascade Range of Oregon. Since 1980, as a part of the National Science Foundation Long Term Ecological Research (NSF-LTER) program, the Andrews Experimental Forest has become a leader in the analysis of forest and stream ecosystem dynamics.
- Long-term field experiments and measurement programs have focused on climate dynamics, streamflow, water quality, and vegetation succession. Currently researchers are working to develop concepts and tools needed to predict effects of natural disturbance, land use, and climate change on ecosystem structure, function, and species composition.
- The Andrews Experimental Forest is administered cooperatively by the USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, Oregon State University and the Willamette National Forest. Funding for the research program comes from the National Science Foundation (NSF), US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, Oregon State University, and other sources.
Funding
Data were provided by the HJ Andrews Experimental Forest research program, funded by the National Science Foundation's Long-Term Ecological Research Program (DEB 2025755), US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, and Oregon State University. National Science Foundation: DEB1440409
Study Area Description
-
Long-Term Ecological Research The Andrews Forest is situated in the western Cascade Range of Oregon, and covers the entire 15,800-acre (6400-ha) drainage basin of Lookout Creek. Elevation ranges from 1350 to 5340 feet (410 to 1630 m). Broadly representative of the rugged mountainous landscape of the Pacific Northwest, the Andrews Forest contains excellent examples of the region's conifer forests and associated wildlife and stream ecosystems. These forests are among the tallest and most productive in the world, with tree heights of often greater than 250 ft (75 m). Streams are steep, cold and clean, providing habitat for numerous aquatic organisms.
Associated Party
-
Mark E. Harmon
Role: Principal InvestigatorOregon State University;Dept. of Forest Science;321 Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR, 97331-5752, USAPhone: (541) 737-8455, (978) 724-0045 ext 223Email: mark.harmon@oregonstate.edu
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Hua Chen
Role: Other ResearcherBiology Department ;University of Illinois at Springfield, Springfield, IL, 62703, USAPhone: 217-206-8339, 334-559-9354Email: hchen40@uis.edu
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Jack E. Janisch
Role: Other ResearcherEnvironmental Assessment Program ;Washington Department of Ecology ;P.O. Box 47600;, Olympia, WA, 98504-7600, USAPhone: 360-407-6649Email: jaja461@ecy.wa.gov
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Becky Fasth
Role: AbstractorOregon State University;College of Forestry;Dept. of Forest Ecosystems and Society; 201L Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USAPhone: (541) 737-8431, (541) 737-8460Email: becky.fasth@oregonstate.edu
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Mark E. Harmon
Role: CreatorOregon State University;Dept. of Forest Science;321 Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR, 97331-5752, USAPhone: (541) 737-8455, (978) 724-0045 ext 223Email: mark.harmon@oregonstate.edu
Contact
-
Information Manager
Andrews Forest LTER Program, US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR, 97331Email: hjaweb@fsl.orst.edu
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Mark E. Harmon
Oregon State University;Dept. of Forest Science;321 Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR, 97331-5752, USAPhone: (541) 737-8455, (978) 724-0045 ext 223Email: mark.harmon@oregonstate.edu
Publisher
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Andrews Forest LTER Site
Role: PublisherForest Ecosystems and Society Department in Forestry, Oregon State University, 201K Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR, 97331-5752Phone: (541) 737-8480Email: lterweb@fsl.orst.edu
Study Description
Decomposition of woody roots in Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carrière), Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco), and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa P. Laws. ex C. Laws.) dominated forests in Oregon, U.S.A. was studied using a chronosequence. Roots of five coniferous species were excavated from stumps with ages up to 46 years old. A structural component-oriented approach may provide a better solution to predicting the long-term woody root decomposition than that provided by initial substrate quality indices. This approach examines the decomposition of different components of woody roots separately to predict whole root decomposition. To study root decomposition of five tree species in forests of the Pacific Northwest. Field Methods - TD032
Purpose: To study root decomposition of five tree species in forests of the Pacific Northwest.
Methods
Method Steps
Field Methods - TD032
- Three to five stumps were selected for each species at each stand. We avoided "living" stumps to reduce the time lag between when the tree was cut and when the roots died. Woody roots (diameter greater than 1 cm) were collected by excavating the root systems of chosen stumps at each stand. These roots were sorted into two size classes: small roots (diameter 1-5 cm) and large roots (diameter 5-10 cm, occasionally up to 15 cm). After excavating the soil surrounding roots, 10-20 cm long samples were removed using a handsaw, reciprocating saw, or in the case of very large roots a chainsaw. After removal, the dimension of each root sample was recorded in the field, including the average outermost diameter, the average longitudinal length, average bark thickness, and bark cover in percent. Each average was based on the mean of three measurements. Then the average root wood diameter and longitudinal length were recorded after removing the bark. If a resin core was present, its length and diameter were measured after separating it from the wood. Bark cover was estimated visually, or if this was not possible, we measured the entire bark surface area by forming bark pieces into a regular shape such as a rectangle. For very old decomposing roots, bark could not be recovered completely during root excavation. However, this occurred rarely and the results of bark decomposition should not be influenced significantly.
- The whole volume of each root was calculated from the formula for a cylinder.
- V = *( D2 * L)/(4)
- where V is the volume, D is the average outermost diameter and L is the average longitudinal length. The root wood volume was calculated by the same formula using average root wood diameter instead of average outermost diameter if resin cores were not present. The bark volume of roots was based on the difference between the volumes of whole roots and root wood. If resin cores were present the volume of root wood was the difference of the entire root wood (including resin cores) volume and the resin core's volume.
Laboratory Methods - TD032
- Root samples were returned to the laboratory and were dried to a constant mass at 55°C and weighed. Densities of bark, wood, and resin cores of each individual root sample were calculated as the oven dry weight divided by its green volume. The density of whole roots was obtained based on the density of each component and their proportion of total volume. Dried root samples were ground in a Wiley mill and passed through a fine screen (1 mm). Samples were stored in 20 ml vials to prevent moisture changes prior to analyses for ash and nitrogen.
Sampling
Sampling Description
- One chronosequence of commercially thinned and clear-cut stands was located at each site. Current stand vigor and locations, as well as thinning or cutting ages, were considered during stand selection. Vigorous forest stands indicated, to some degree, that the previous stands were healthy and the chance of root rot was small. All sampled stands at each site were close to each other and similar in elevation, topography, and soil type. At CAH, the chronosequence included seven stands. Of these stands, woody roots of Sitka spruce were taken from trees that were cut or thinned 7, 20, 33, 37, and 46 years prior to sampling. Root samples of western hemlock were obtained from trees cut 2, 7, 10, 16, 20, 33, and 37 years prior to sampling. The second chronosequence, located in the western hemlock zone (300–1550 m elevation) at HJA, included eight different stands. Of these stands, woody roots of Douglas-fir were taken from trees that were cut or thinned 8, 10, 14, 21, 31, 36, 40, and 45 years prior to sampling. Root samples of western hemlock were obtained from trees cut 8, 10, 14, 25, 31, and 36 years prior to sampling. The third chronosequence was located at PRF, where ponderosa pine roots were sampled at six stands. Woody roots of ponderosa pine were sampled from trees that were cut or thinned 4, 7, 10, 19, 22, and 25 years prior to sampling. Lodgepole pine roots were obtained from trees cut 7, 10, 16, 19, 22, and 28 years prior to sampling. Samples of undecayed woody roots from fresh uprooted trees of these species were sampled to serve as controls.
Spatial Sampling Units
-
Andrews Experimental Forest (HJA)
W -122.26172200, E -122.10084700, N 44.28196400, S 44.19770400Altitude: 1631 to 1631 meter
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Cascade Head Experimental Forest OR (TD027)
W -123.99172777, E -123.89730000, N 45.06476948, S 45.03130000
Software
No software entries listed in this EML file.
Keywords
- LTER controlled vocabulary: chronosequences (theme), decomposition (theme), inorganic nutrients (theme), nitrogen (theme), organic matter (theme), roots (theme)
- LTER core research areas: inorganic nutrients (theme), organic matter (theme)
Taxonomic Hierarchy
- All Organisms: All Organisms
- Highest common category (ca. kingdom): Plantae
- Division or Phylum: Coniferophyta
- Class: Pinopsida
- Order: Pinales
- Family: Pinaceae
- Genus: Tsuga
- Species: Tsuga heterophylla
- Genus: Picea
- Species: Picea sitchensis
- Genus: Pinus
- Species: Pinus ponderosa
- Species: Pinus contorta
- Genus: Pseudotsuga
- Species: Pseudotsuga menziesii
Data Entities
| # | Entity | Metadata | Data |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |
TD03201
TD03201 SAMPLE DIMENSIONS, WEIGHTS, AND DENSITIES: |
METADATA | DATA |
| 2 |
TD03202
TD03202 SAMPLE ASH, NITROGEN, AND ASH-FREE DENSITY: |
METADATA | DATA |
Metadata
TD03201 - TD03201
Object name: TD03201.csv
Records: 1605
Attributes: 16
File size: 140274 byte
Checksum (MD5): f2a0e9166b925dfa4bcb90067fb014dc
Format: headers=1, recordDelimiter=\r\n, fieldDelimiter=,, quoteCharacter=", orientation=column
Constraints (2)
-
primaryKey: PRIMARY TD03201.SITE, TD03201.SAMP_NUM, TD03201.STAND, TD03201.SPECIES
-
notNullConstraint: NOTNULL TD03201.SITE, TD03201.SAMP_NUM, TD03201.STAND, TD03201.DBCODE, TD03201.SPECIES, TD03201.CUMM_DIAM, TD03201.DECAY_AGE, TD03201.ENTITY, TD03201.LONGITUDE
Attributes (16)
DBCODE - char(5) (nominal)
ID: TD03201.DBCODE
FSDB database code
Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008
Code definitions (1)
-
TD032
FSDB database code TD032
ENTITY - numeric(1,0) (ratio)
ID: TD03201.ENTITY
Entity number
Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008
Unit: number
Precision: 1.000000
Numeric domain: type=integer, min=1.0000 (exclusive=false), max=1.0000 (exclusive=false)
SITE - char(3) (nominal)
ID: TD03201.SITE
Site where woody root was collected
Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008
Code definitions (4)
-
HJA
H.j. andrews experimental forest oregon, pre-1996
-
WRE
Wind river experimental forest
-
PRF
Pringle falls experimental forest
-
CAH
Cascade head experimental forest
STAND - char(5) (nominal)
ID: TD03201.STAND
Name of forest stand, sometimes reflects year cut
Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008
DECAY_AGE - numeric(2,0) (ratio)
ID: TD03201.DECAY_AGE
Amount of years passed since death of tree
Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008
Unit: number of years
Precision: 1.000000
Numeric domain: type=integer, min=0.0000 (exclusive=false), max=50.0000 (exclusive=false)
SPECIES - char(4) (nominal)
ID: TD03201.SPECIES
Species of woody root sample
Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008
Code definitions (5)
-
PISI
Picea sitchensis
-
PICO
Pinus contorta
-
PIPO
Pinus ponderosa
-
PSME
Pseudotsuga menziesii
-
TSHE
Tsuga heterophylla
SAMP_NUM - char(9) (nominal)
ID: TD03201.SAMP_NUM
Unique number for individual sample, last letter indicates tissue type
Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008
CUMM_DIAM - numeric(6,1) (ratio)
ID: TD03201.CUMM_DIAM
Outer diameter of each tissue type within a sample
Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008
Unit: millimeters
Precision: 0.100000
Numeric domain: type=real, min=0.0000 (exclusive=false), max=290.0000 (exclusive=false)
LONGITUDE - numeric(6,1) (ratio)
ID: TD03201.LONGITUDE
Longitudinal length of sample
Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008
Unit: millimeters
Precision: 0.100000
Numeric domain: type=real, min=0.0000 (exclusive=false), max=480.0000 (exclusive=false)
PROPORTION - numeric(3,1) (ratio)
ID: TD03201.PROPORTION
Proportion of ideal volume that the tissue type represents
Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008
Unit: number
Precision: 0.100000
Numeric domain: type=real, min=0.0000 (exclusive=false), max=1.0000 (exclusive=false)
IDEAL_VOL - numeric(8,2) (ratio)
ID: TD03201.IDEAL_VOL
Volume based on outer diameter for enitre woody root
Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008
Unit: cubic centimeters
Precision: 0.010000
Numeric domain: type=real, min=1.0300 (exclusive=false), max=5813.7100 (exclusive=false)
TRUE_VOL - numeric(8,2) (ratio)
ID: TD03201.TRUE_VOL
Volume of individual tissue type within woody root
Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008
Unit: cubic centimeters
Precision: 0.010000
Numeric domain: type=real, min=-796.1900 (exclusive=false), max=3534.8201 (exclusive=false)
WET_WT - numeric(8,2) (ratio)
ID: TD03201.WET_WT
Field wet weight of sample
Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008
Unit: grams
Precision: 0.010000
Numeric domain: type=real, min=0.0000 (exclusive=false), max=2683.0000 (exclusive=false)
DRY_WT - numeric(8,2) (ratio)
ID: TD03201.DRY_WT
Final oven dry weight
Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008
Unit: grams
Precision: 0.010000
Numeric domain: type=real, min=0.0000 (exclusive=false), max=1157.7000 (exclusive=false)
MOISTURE - numeric(6,2) (ratio)
ID: TD03201.MOISTURE
Percent moisture
Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008
Unit: percent
Precision: 0.010000
Numeric domain: type=real, min=-44.4400 (exclusive=false), max=4676.7002 (exclusive=false)
DENSITY - numeric(5,3) (ratio)
ID: TD03201.DENSITY
Density of sample
Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008
Unit: grams per cubic centimeter
Precision: 0.001000
Numeric domain: type=real, min=0.0000 (exclusive=false), max=7.8640 (exclusive=false)
TD03202 - TD03202
Object name: TD03202.csv
Records: 1189
Attributes: 11
File size: 66656 byte
Checksum (MD5): a8a1174cc966b13b3da82cdc7109829c
Format: headers=1, recordDelimiter=\r\n, fieldDelimiter=,, quoteCharacter=", orientation=column
Constraints (2)
-
primaryKey: PRIMARY TD03202.SITE, TD03202.SAMP_NUM, TD03202.SPECIES
-
notNullConstraint: NOTNULL TD03202.SITE, TD03202.TYPE, TD03202.SAMP_NUM, TD03202.DBCODE, TD03202.SPECIES, TD03202.ENTITY, TD03202.LABEL
Attributes (11)
DBCODE - char(5) (nominal)
ID: TD03202.DBCODE
FSDB database code
Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008
Code definitions (1)
-
TD032
FSDB database code TD032
ENTITY - numeric(1,0) (ratio)
ID: TD03202.ENTITY
Entity number
Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008
Unit: number
Precision: 1.000000
Numeric domain: type=integer, min=2.0000 (exclusive=false), max=2.0000 (exclusive=false)
SITE - char(3) (nominal)
ID: TD03202.SITE
Site where woody root was collected
Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008
Code definitions (4)
-
HJA
H.j. andrews experimental forest oregon, pre-1996
-
WRE
Wind river experimental forest
-
PRF
Pringle falls experimental forest
-
CAH
Cascade head experimental forest
SAMP_NUM - char(9) (nominal)
ID: TD03202.SAMP_NUM
Unique number for individual sample, last letter indicates tissue type
Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008
SPECIES - char(4) (nominal)
ID: TD03202.SPECIES
Species of woody root sample
Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008
Code definitions (5)
-
PISI
Picea sitchensis
-
PICO
Pinus contorta
-
PIPO
Pinus ponderosa
-
PSME
Pseudotsuga menziesii
-
TSHE
Tsuga heterophylla
TYPE - char(1) (nominal)
ID: TD03202.TYPE
Woody root tissue type
Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008
Code definitions (4)
-
S
Sapwood
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H
Heartwood
-
R
Resin core
-
B
Bark
ASH - numeric(6,2) (ratio)
ID: TD03202.ASH
Percent of sample composed of ash
Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008
Unit: percent
Precision: 0.010000
Numeric domain: type=real, min=-1.0300 (exclusive=false), max=93.8100 (exclusive=false)
NITROGEN - numeric(6,2) (ratio)
ID: TD03202.NITROGEN
Percent of sample composed of nitrogen
Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008
Unit: percent
Precision: 0.010000
Numeric domain: type=real, min=0.0100 (exclusive=false), max=1.5400 (exclusive=false)
LABEL - numeric(4,0) (ratio)
ID: TD03202.LABEL
Number assigned by lab
Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008
Unit: number
Precision: 1.000000
Numeric domain: type=integer, min=1.0000 (exclusive=false), max=1401.0000 (exclusive=false)
CUMM_DIAM - numeric(6,1) (ratio)
ID: TD03202.CUMM_DIAM
Outer diameter of each tissue type within a sample
Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008
Unit: millimeters
Precision: 0.100000
Numeric domain: type=real, min=4.6000 (exclusive=false), max=290.0000 (exclusive=false)
AF_DENSITY - numeric(5,3) (ratio)
ID: TD03202.AF_DENSITY
Ash-free density
Type system: Microsoft SQL Server 2008
Unit: grams per cubic centimeter
Precision: 0.001000
Numeric domain: type=real, min=0.0000 (exclusive=false), max=3.7290 (exclusive=false)
Units
| number of years | years | time | nominalYear | second | 31536000 | one year excluding leap seconds and leap days, 31536000 seconds (often used for age in years) |
| cubic centimeters | cm3 | volume | centimeterCubed | meterCubed | 0.000001 | cubic centimeters |
| grams | g | mass | gram | kilogram | 0.001 | grams; 0.001 kilogram |
| grams per cubic centimeter | g/cm3 | massDensity | gramPerCentimeterCubed | kilogramPerMeterCubed | 1000 | grams per cubic centimeter |
| millimeters | mm | length | millimeter | meter | 0.001 | millimeters; .001 meters |
| number | number | dimensionless | number | dimensionless | 1 | dimensionless number, i.e., ratio, count |
| percent | % | dimensionless | number | dimensionless | 100 | percent; a number |
Intellectual Rights
Data Use Agreement:
The re-use of scientific data has the potential to greatly increase communication, collaboration and synthesis within and among disciplines, and thus is fostered, supported and encouraged. This Data Set is released under the Creative Commons license CC BY "Attribution" (see: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Creative Commons license CC BY - Attribution is a license that allows others to distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon your work (even commercially), as long as you are credited for the original creation. This license accommodates maximum dissemination and use of licensed materials.
It is considered professional conduct and an ethical obligation to acknowledge the work of other scientists. The Data User is asked to provide attribution of the original work if this data package is shared in whole or by individual parts or used in the derivation of other products. A recommended citation is provided for each Data Set in the Andrews LTER data catalog (see: http://andlter.forestry.oregonstate.edu/data/catalog/datacatalog.aspx). A generic citation is also provided for this Data Set on the website https://portal.edirepository.org in the summary metadata page. Data Users are thus strongly encouraged to consider consultation, collaboration and/or co-authorship with the Data Set Creator.
While substantial efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of data and associated documentation, complete accuracy of data sets cannot be guaranteed and all data are made available "as is." The Data User should be aware, however, that data are updated periodically and it is the responsibility of the Data User to check for new versions of the data. The data authors and the repository where these data were obtained shall not be liable for damages resulting from any use or misinterpretation of the data.
General acknowledgement: Data were provided by the HJ Andrews Experimental Forest research program, funded by the National Science Foundation's Long-Term Ecological Research Program (DEB 2025755), US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, and Oregon State University.
Licensed
License: N/A
Maintenance
Maintenance update frequency: notPlanned
Description
- An update history is logged and maintained with each new version of every dataset.
Change History
-
Version1 (2005-06-22) Original metadata creation
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Version2 (2005-06-22) Moved database to SQL server
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Version6 (2016-11-15) Preparing dataset for upload to PASTA. Need to recreate CSV file. Changed STCODE to DBCODE and Format to Entity. Data used CAH for Cascade Head site, but CHE was enumerated. Changed enumeration. Chen Hua used CAH in his dissertation. Added PK. Added 1 or 2 to some samp_no to deal with duplicates. Ran QC. Added an experimental design from a paper and updated abstract and other methods.